从远程教育视角探索义务教育均衡发展的策略

远程教育与教育均衡发展是目前义务教育领域里的热点话题.充分发挥远程教育的作用,是推进义务教育均衡发展的有效途径与方法.为此,作者针对如何发挥远程教育作用推进义务教育均衡发展,就其内涵、目标、策略等方面进行了探索与思考.     

区域义务教育均衡发展的七种模式

推进区域义务教育均衡发展是一个长期的过程,各个区域可以根据具体情况,选择和探索不同发展模式,实现区域义务教育均衡发展.总结国内外缩小区域教育差距的经验,大致有七种均衡发展模式,具体如下. 其一,梯度均衡推进式.这种模式在实现策略上,鼓励教育发展条件好的地区和学校快速发展教育,同时,积极推进校际均衡和区域均衡发展,扶持教育发展条件差的地区和学校迎头赶上.     

义务教育均衡发展之师资队伍建设思考

均衡发展是义务教育的战略性任务,而高素质师资队伍则是实现义务教育均衡发展的关键.当前我国农村义务教育师资状况十分不客乐观,不仅存在短缺现象,也存在水平问题,成为推进义务教育均衡发展的主要障碍.因此,健全师范教育制度,提供充足而高水平的师资来源;建立继续教育机制,提高在职教师素质:完善义务教育管理,统筹城乡教师资源,从而形成义务教育教师职前培养、在职培训及行政管理一体化机制,以建设高素质农村义务教育师资队伍,成为均衡发展义务教育的当务之急.     

义务教育均衡发展与质量保障的现实思考

当前,我国义务教育已经基本实现了保证人民群众有学上的目标.在此前提下,进一步的公平和质量要求成为义务教育面临的重要课题.其重要性一方面表现为,如何保证全体国民享受公平的教育,平等地享有教育资源;另一方面表现为,如何使全体国民实现上好学的目标.笔者从义务教育的均衡发展和质量保障人手,探讨了二者的关系和促进义务教育均衡发展的策略.     

教育资源优化配置与汉语教育权

一、教育资源均衡化与最优化配置 2010年2月28日<国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)>征求意见稿发布,把"均衡发展"作为今后10年义务教育的战略性任务.一时间,教育的均衡化成为社会讨论的热点.[1]     

"十一五"东城教育:高位平台上优质均衡发展

"十一五"时期,东城区教育坚持均衡发展、内涵发展、特色发展和协调发展四大战略,深入实施素质教育,创造了"学区化管理"、"蓝天工程"、"年级课程视导员制"等成功改革经验,获得"全国未成年人思想道德建设工作先进城区"、"首届全国教育改革创新特别奖"、"全国推进义务教育均衡发展工作先进地区"等荣誉,奠定了东城教育科学发展的坚实基础.     

教育公平与义务教育均衡发展的思考

教育公平是人类古老的理念,也是教育现代化的理想.我国义务教育一方面取得了巨大成就,另一方面,存在较大的地区、城乡、学校差距,发展极不均衡,农村义务教育显失公平,体现在一是我国城乡二元社会结构从根本上制约了农村教育的发展;二是江西作为欠发达地区,经费的供给与教育均衡发展间的矛盾更加突出;三是教师待遇普遍偏低,整体素质偏低;四是教育公平理念的缺失,教育政策方面重城市、轻农村.要促进江西省义务教育公平,应做到加快农村经济发展速度、探索城乡统筹的新机制、加大经费投入力度、建设高素质教师队伍、完善基础教育管理.     

优化经济发达县师资配置,促进教育公平——以福建省闽侯县师资配置为例

教育公平是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求.多数学者认为,教育公平的实现可从三个方面人手:一是机会公平;二是过程公平;三是结果公平.随着经济的发展,国家和地方政府对教育投入的持续加大,目前教育公平中的机会公平已经基本实现,而其余两个方面均差距甚远.从现实上看,物力、财力资源的均衡配置较易达到,师资均衡问题却难以在短期内解决.因此,优化师资配置成为基础教育均衡配置的核心因素.近年来,随着政府对师资均衡配置问题认识的加深,以及相关举措的出台,师资配置不均的矛盾得到了一定程度的缓解.本文以福建省闽侯县的具体实践为例,从经济发达县这一视角探讨师资均衡配置的问题.     

切实加强教育系统行风建设

着力加强行风建设,这是教育系统贯彻以人为本、执政为民的本质要求.要坚持"管行业必须管行风"的原则,切实解决教育系统存在的损害群众利益的突出问题. 一是要进一步依法规范办学,坚决治理违反国家法律法规、侵害群众利益的办学行为.要大力推进区域内义务教育均衡发展,合理配置公共教育资源,有效治理有偿补课、"占坑班"等行为.     

促进义务教育均衡发展关键在两个"责任人"

义务教育是国家强制执行的教育,在制度安排上具有非竞争性和非排他性,是纯公共产品,但是在实际教育过程中,由于地区差异,文化差异,消费差异和家庭经济水平差异等,再加上具体执行义务教育的中小学因办学历史、地理位置、教育理念、管理水平、师资力量等因素而导致教学质量的不均衡,造成了义务教育消费中的拥挤性,非均等性和局部的排他性,所以很难将义务教育视为纯粹的公共产品.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.