从"革命正史"到"民间秘史"——《白鹿原》"史诗性"创作的深层解读

19世纪以来,西方文学传统中作为文体的"史诗"概念逐渐演变为"史诗性"这一审美范畴.随着国外小说及理论的引入,"史诗性"与中国传统的史传传统结合成为中国当代小说最高的审美追求和评价标准.植根于关中地区久远的<诗经>、<史记>之史传传统,陕西作家的创作往往有更深的史诗情结.以柳青、杜鹏程为代表的"革命正史"写作,纪"史"有余,"诗"意欠佳.<白鹿原>以"民族秘史"纠"革命正史"宏大叙事之偏,执着于对民族精神、民族命运的探求,对历史进程中人物文化心理的摹刻;巧设叙事的历史时空,多维透视史诗人物形象,臻于"史"与"诗"的完美融合,丰富发展了了陕西文学的"史诗性"写作传统.     

整合戏曲艺术教育弘扬民族精神

"承中华美德,扬民族之魂"成为我校德育的主旋律.为了使孩子们能够受到民族文化与民族精神的熏陶,我校与中国戏曲学院共同开发适合小学生年龄特点的"中国戏曲文化"校本课程,将中国优秀的戏曲艺术在少年儿童中推广、传播,扩大戏曲的影响力,使我校的学生从小感受戏曲本身的艺术美,提高鉴赏戏曲艺术的素质,进而感受中国传统文化的博大精深.     

论闻一多诗歌的"民族中国"形象

在闻一多的诗歌创作,尤其是为数众多而且特色鲜明的爱国诗篇中,始终存在着一个独具闻一多特色的"民族中国"形象.在19世纪末20世纪初中国内忧外患的艰难处境下,一直以"天朝上国"自居的中国知识分子逐渐醒悟过来,开始以忧虑的心情思索着我们中华民族在20世纪世界格局中的角色和地位问题,而这一"民族中国"形象正是闻一多的思考在其诗歌中的形象体现.     

纳吉布·马哈福兹的民族主义思想探析

民族主义不单表现为一种政治诉求,同时也表现为一种文化诉求,20世纪30年代东方各民族均面临着传统文化的现代化转型,马哈福兹正是在文学的创作园地孜孜不倦地实践着这一重要课题.其作品以宏阔的视野、鲜明独特的创作风格,从不同侧面展示了埃及的历史、现实、未来,不断唤醒民众的民族自豪感,激励民众争取民族的民主自由,同时寻求民族前进和人类发展的理想之道,表现出他强烈的民族主义精神,因而被誉为"阿拉伯民族之魂".马哈福兹带着其独特的民族特色而走向了世界.     

从《儒林外史》、《孽海花》、《围城》看近三百年中士人形象的变化

以士人形象转变为切入点,在分析<儒林外史>、<孽海花>、<围城>三部小说中士人形象的基础上,深入分析其形象改变原因.指出八股取士的没落、民族危机的深重、中西文化碰撞的加剧,使得许多士人远离了传统的士人精神,把追求的重心转向于"利",他们的社会角色从操控国家政治、文化命运的传统士大夫转变为渐次游离子国家政治权力中心的新兴知识分子,而三部小说也反映了作者对自我、国家之现实与未来的冷思考.     

正视我国文化现状弘扬传统文化瑰宝

中国是一个历史悠久的国家,五千年的灿烂文化给予孙后代留下了无穷无尽的文化财富,但是随着年代一代一代的更替,在当代中国人的身上,中国传统精神的影子却越来越模糊,民族文化也渐渐为人们所忽视.传统文化逐渐流失,本文就我国文化现状和弘扬传统文化做了探讨.     

简论中国诗文与中国园林之渊源

中国园林是建筑、文学、绘画等的综合艺术,也是一个国家和民族政治、经济、文化的综合产物,体现着一个国家和民族的历史特点与文化传统.是一门受本身传统制约影响综合的艺术.诗文的影响更为突出.园林艺术本于自然而高于自然,讲究"天人合一".诗情画意为其精髓所在.中国园林艺术与其诗文盘根错节,难分难离,从诗文中可悟造因之法,园林又能兴游以成诗文,从中感悟中国造园的主导思想.     

法之民族精神浅析

主要采用文献研究的方法,从历史法学派代表人物萨维尼的"法为民族精神之产物"的观点出发,对法与民族精神之间的联系进行阐述,表明在法与民族的发展历程中,民族精神对法的精神、法的运行、法律移植、法律文化产生了不同程度的作用和影响,法被深深打上了民族精神的烙印.     

浅析中国蛇郎故事的文化意蕴

中国蛇郎故事因地域、民族不同而变异.其中,蛇郎与两姐妹型以异类婚姻为起点,通过姐妹问尖锐冲突,折射出社会中复杂的人际关系,透露了中国传统的孝道伦理,及"过渡礼仪"时女性完美德行的期盼,具有厚重的文化蕴涵.     

现代性境遇中的民族精神——基于一种方法论的分析

中国近现代思想文化史表明,方法论的自觉是文化自觉的前提和基础.通过经典诠释来构建民族精神的知识论思路存在方法论的局限.民族精神的实质是一种现代性的文化再生产.以马克思主义对现代性问题的批判与超越作为思想资源和方法论基础,推进马克思主义中国化,是构建民族精神的必由之路.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

抗腐蚀高强耐磨涂料研发与应用

介绍了抗腐蚀高强度耐磨涂料的研制和开发，以及用作柳钢球团回转烘干机刮板保护涂层的应用效果。