基于本体的领域分析

软件复用被认为是改善软件质量和提高软件生产力最有希望的技术。为了支持复用,软件开发过程必须考虑两个方面的问题:为复用开发和用复用开发。本体逐渐成为构建信息系统、提供知识共享和复用的重要机制。领域分析是软件复用工程中最重要的工作。本课题利用本体的概念,讨论了领域分析技术中的领域本体的概念、领域本体的形式化描述,本体模型的UML表达,并给出基于本体的领域分析过程,以期对软件复用工程的领域分析过程有所改进。     

Towards an ontology-based retrieval of UML Class Diagrams

Context

Software Reuse has always been an important area amongst software companies in order to increase their productivity and the quality of their products, but code reuse is not the only answer for this. Nowadays, reuse techniques proposals include software designs or even software specifications. Therefore, this research focuses on software design, specifically on UML Class Diagrams. A semantic technology has been applied to facilitate the retrieval process for an effective reuse.

Objective

This research proposes an ontology-based retrieval technique by semantic similarity in order to support effective retrieval process for UML Class Diagrams. Since UML Class Diagrams are a de facto standard in the design stages of a Software Development Process, a good technique is needed to reuse them, i.e. reusing during the design stage instead of just the coding stages.

Method

An application ontology modeled using UML specifications was designed to compare UML Class Diagram element types. To measure their similarity, a survey was conducted amongst UML experts. Query expansion was improved by a domain ontology supporting the retrieval phase. The calculus of minimal distances in ontologies was solved using a shortest path algorithm.

Results

The case study shows the domain ontology importance in the UML Class Diagram retrieval process as well as the importance of an element type expansion method, such as an application ontology. A correlation between the query complexity and retrieved elements has been identified, by analyzing results. Finally, a positive Return of Investment (ROI) was estimated using Poulin’s Model.

Conclusion

Because Software Reuse has not to be limited to the coding stage, approaches to reuse design stage must be developed, i.e. UML Class Diagrams reuse. This approach proposes a technique for UML Class Diagrams retrieval, which is one important step towards reuse. Semantic technology combined with information retrieval improves the retrieval results.     

信息抽取中领域本体建模方法研究

近几年来,本体作为一种知识重用、知识共享和建模的重要工具,尤其是领域本体,在信息抽取系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但是,目前领域本体的创建还缺乏系统的、工程化的方法。首先介绍了本体的概念及本体的建模准则,然后分析了现有的几种常见的本体建模方法,并通过对比分析各种方法的优缺点,再结合信息抽取的原理以及软件工程的思想,提出了一种新的领域本体的建模方法。该方法具有很强的逻辑性和可操作性,可被一些领域本体在建立时采用。     

语义驱动的集成化产品建模

针对复杂产品研发过程中多领域协同对产品知识共享和重用的需求,提出一种语义驱动的集成化产品建模方法.结合多本体技术,给出了集成化产品建模框架,该框架由概念层和模型层构成,概念层包括高层核心产品本体和领域本体,模型层由主模型和领域模型等一族模型构成;同时还给出了集成化产品模型的形式化语义描述,在构建高层核心产品本体的基础上建立主模型;基于多领域本体,进行由概念层语义驱动的领域模型快速重构,在语义理解基础上实现跨领域的产品知识重用.     

面向服务的建模:一种全过程复用的方法

面向服务的计算是Internet环境下的一种新型软件架构理念,即通过集成分布的服务构建软件.面向服务建模是面向服务计算中的重要研究内容.一方面,面向服务的软件同传统软件一样,需要首先对应用需求进行建模.另一方面,面向服务的计算需要实现分布复用和快速集成,这对面向服务的建模提出了新的要求.文中提出一种基于全过程复用的面向服务的建模方法,即提出构建特定应用领域的本体系统,包含相互关联着的多个不同类型的本体.不同层次的软件资产关联到这些本体上,支持面向服务建模的不同阶段,包括应用框架建模、业务流程建模、合作模式建模以及组合服务建模等.当出现新的服务软件应用需求时,通过本体系统的引导复用软件资产,最后构造出服务软件模型.     

Information Support of Reuse in UML-Based Software Engineering

A concept of information support of reuse is proposed. It is based on analysis of requirements to components, conceptual domain model, and adaptive properties of components. Such a triad, defined in UML, is used as a formalised base, suitable for its transformation into application domain ontology. It seems advisable to order the latter by UML metaclassifiers. Then, search images of components may be constructed and understood as a subclass of ontology treated as an abstract class.     

基于本体的军事装备知识建模及分析

针对本体建模过程中不同受众具有不同应用需求的问题,结合本体建模七步法和软件开发螺旋模型提出基于需求的螺旋反馈法.首先,明确领域知识范畴和用户需求,进行本体总体设计;其次,领域专家依据本体构建原则评估知识体系;再次,组装知识体系模型,定义本体属性,创建实例,完成本体详细设计;最后,用户评估反馈,进行新一轮的增量迭代,直至...     

基于UML的防空C3I系统建模

UML融合了当前一些面向对象的主要概念和技术,用其对防空C3I系统进行建模,能够直接将问题域结构反映到系统模型中,适应需求的变化,支持软件重组复用并易于维护,极大地提高了软件开发的效率和质量。     

面向领域知识复用的C4ISR系统需求建模方法

为了准确地获取和复用C4ISR系统需求,提出基于多本体的需求获取与建模框架。详细介绍了在此框架下进行需求建模的过程,首先明确用户的目标模型,然后使用目标对已有的领域知识库进行查询,如果发现匹配的目标,则利用目标-任务的映射关系抽取相关知识,如果没有匹配的目标,则生成概念描述框架引导用户提出需求,最后将两部分需求合并形成最终的需求模型。需求建模过程一方面能够复用已有需求,另一方面能够在本体的引导下提出新的需求,保证了需求模型的质量和建模的效率。     

Principled Modeling and Automatic Classification for Enhancing the Reusability of Problem Solving Methods of Expert Systems

Software reuse is widely believed to be a key to improving software productivity and quality in conventional software. In expert systems, much of the knowledge has been compiled (i.e., compressed and restricted into effective procedures) and this makes reusability difficult. One of the issues in modeling expert systems for enhanced reusability is capturing explicity the underlying problem solving designs. Principled knowledge representation schemes have been used to model components of complex software systems. However, the potential for applying these principled modeling techniques for explicitly capturing the problem solving designs of expert systems has not been fully explored. To overcome this omission, we use an Artificial Intelligence knowledge representation scheme for developing an ontology of the software components to facilitate their classification and retrieval. The application of our ontological approach is of both theoretical and practical significance. This method facilitates the reuse of high-level design. We illustrate the application of principled domain modeling using two real world applications of knowledge-based systems.     

扩展UML语义以支持并行和分布式仿真系统设计

标准UML中不包含虚拟时间和时间同步语义，因而缺乏对并行和分布式仿真(parallel and distributed simulation，PADS)系统设计的支持，对标准UML语义进行扩展以支持PADS领域的概念并降低PADS系统构造的复杂性．主要的工作包括在UML，中引入虚拟时间语义，用包含虚拟时间标记和约束的状态图和交互图来描述仿真实体的功能属性，另外，通过创建虚拟时间同步构造型(stereotype)，提出“分离法”将时间同步细节与仿真模型内部的功能属性逻辑地分离，不仅使得仿真对象建模更加容易，而且使仿真模型和时间同步策略两者的重用性大大提高。     

Extending the Unified Modeling Language for ontology development

There is rapidly growing momentum for web enabled agents that reason about and dynamically integrate the appropriate knowledge and services at run-time. The dynamic integration of knowledge and services depends on the existence of explicit declarative semantic models (ontologies). We have been building tools for ontology development based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This allows the many mature UML tools, models and expertise to be applied to knowledge representation systems, not only for visualizing complex ontologies but also for managing the ontology development process. UML has many features, such as profiles, global modularity and extension mechanisms that are not generally available in most ontology languages. However, ontology languages have some features that UML does not support. Our paper identifies the similarities and differences (with examples) between UML and the ontology languages RDF and DAML+OIL. To reconcile these differences, we propose a modification to the UML metamodel to address some of the most problematic differences. One of these is the ontological concept variously called a property, relation or predicate. This notion corresponds to the UML concepts of association and attribute. In ontology languages properties are first-class modeling elements, but UML associations and attributes are not first-class. Our proposal is backward-compatible with existing UML models while enhancing its viability for ontology modeling. While we have focused on RDF and DAML+OIL in our research and development activities, the same issues apply to many of the knowledge representation languages. This is especially the case for semantic network and concept graph approaches to knowledge representations. Initial sbmission: 16 February 2002 / Revised submission: 15 October 2002 Published online: 2 December 2002     

基于模糊UML的装备保障知识建模方法

装备保障业务需求建模是装备保障信息系统研发的重要环节,准确描述业务概念和关系是获取高质量需求分析产品的重要前提。然而,该业务领域中用户目标、业务效果等核心要素常包含模糊或不确定信息,容易引发系统研发各方的需求理解偏差,从而给系统后期的设计、开发带来巨大隐患。针对上述问题,首先从装备保障领域知识建模出发,挖掘本领域核心知识,构成装备保障领域知识本体,在此基础上借助UML建模语言MOF层扩展机制,引入模糊评估属性和建模元素,进而形成一种可用于该领域信息系统业务建模分析的领域特定建模语言。该建模语言对领域内存在的明确和模糊需求信息同样具有良好的表达能力,便于系统研发各方在信息系统需求分析阶段达成共识,进而为准确捕捉装备保障业务需求提供技术支持。     

面向工艺设计过程的知识管理的研究

工艺知识有很多种类和表达方法,而本体可以为知识共享和重用提供手段。提出了工艺知识本体的三个层次,明确了与工艺知识有关的概念和术语的层次关系,从而形成工艺知识的整体视野。举例说明了工艺知识中领域概念的提取及其在知识库中的使用,论述了工艺知识查询时本体发挥的作用,从本体建模元语的角度分析,利用知识本体的概念相似度进行语义检索,并结合机床的例子说明其在工艺知识管理中的应用。为了提高知识利用效率,明确了面向工艺设计过程的各种工艺知识需求。最后介绍了基于本体的工艺知识管理系统的框架以及原型系统的开发方法,并进行了初步应用验证。     

一种基于UML的本体论建模方法

IFVO是一种基于Agent的虚拟组织集成框架。它采用本体论的方式来描述Agent之间协作所遵循的词汇集。该文采用UML作为IFVO本体论的建模语言，在利用IFVO进行企业建模的过程中，可先利用UML建立本体论模型，然后将其映射成IFVO的本体论标记语言OML。     

Bridging the HASM: An OWL ontology for modeling the information pathways in haptic interfaces software

Haptics technology has received enormous attention to enhance human computer interaction. The last decade has witnessed a rapid progress in haptic application software development due to the fact that the underlying technology has become mature and has opened up novel research areas. In an attempt to organize the path between cause and effect we envision a need for a standard for haptic application software modeling. In order for the software to better enhance the tactile information sensation, flow and perception and also make interaction between humans and haptics more efficient and natural, we need a formal representation of the haptics domain. This article proposes the use of HASM, a haptic applications software modeling ontology to formally model the haptics domain in order to be used during the specifications and design phases of developing software applications for haptic interfaces. The presented ontology captures the existing knowledge in haptics domain, using OWL, and defines the pathways that the haptic information follows between the human and the machine haptic system, using SWRL rules. The haptic ontology that has been developed will be used as a basis to design effective user interfaces and assist the development of software modeling for haptic devices. A case study is demonstrating how this haptic ontology can be used to design a software model that analyzes the perception of a haptic property of an object by interacting with a haptic device.     

军事仓储领域本体的构建

面对当今军事仓储管理的发展现状,我军在仓储管理领域出现了诸如知识难于共享和重用、不同应用之间无法进行互操作等急需解决的问题。文章提出了一种优化了的构建领域本体的流程,并给出了利用protege工具构建军事仓储领域本体的详细过程。在所构建的领域本体的基础上,设计基于本体的信息集成系统模型,从而消除不同部门、不同系统、不同应用在理解上的冲突与混乱,为我军后勤保障建设提供良好的帮助。     

基于本体的产品服务知识模型研究

为了对产品服务过程中的服务知识进行有效管理和重用,在对服务知识进行分析的基础上,结合本体的特点和构造方法,提出了产品服务知识领域本体构建过程模型;重点构建了产品服务过程中的产品知识、客户知识和服务资源知识模型;并基于此提出了产品服务领域本体知识体系结构,为产品服务领域知识的共享和重用提供基础。     

UML和OWL在本体建模中的比较研究

作为语义Web的基础,提供共享概念模型的本体扮演了重要的角色。然而目前的本体开发工具和技术是建立在AI领域KIF和KL-ONE的基础上,难以理解和掌握。通过介绍UML和OWL的基本概念和建模原语,结合建模实例分析它们在本体建模中的开发原理,并对两者在本体建模过程的方法进行分析评价,可以看出将UML应用于本体的开发,能提供标准直观的统一建模过程,提供方便的沟通和理解途径,对本体开发有较高的现实意义和理论价值。