Oxidation of Diesel Soot by Several Rear Earth Catalysts with Different Atmosphere

Diesel soot is related to incomplete fuel oxidation, and possesses the well-known mutagenic effects on human health.Diesel soot was collected from diesel engines and oxidized in laboratorial micro reactor by several prepared rare earth-based catalysts with or without different harmful monoxide gases such as NO, and activities of several rare earth catalysts were studied.The results indicate that soot can be more easily oxidized with monoxide gases.     

稀土在汽车尾气净化催化剂中应用的研究进展

稀土元素以其特殊的物理和化学性质在汽车尾气三效净化催化剂 (TWC)中获得了广泛应用。本文论述了其物化性质 ,并讨论了稀土氧化物的应用前景。     

Oxides Catalysts of Rare Earth and Transient Metal for Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene

The catalysts of CeO2 and the mixture of CeO2 and CuO were prepared, and the activities of these catalysts for completely oxidizing benzene were studied.The results show that the optimal proportion of CeO2/CuO is 6: 4.The highest temperature at which benzene was completely oxidized on these catalysts at different airspeed was measured.Compared these catalysts with the noble metal used, our catalysts had superiority in the resources and the industrial cost besides good activities.     

稀土复合氧化物燃烧催化剂的性能及表征

浸渍法制备了稀土型燃烧催化剂 ,采用多晶 X射线衍射 (XRD)、程序升温还原 (TPR)、差热热重分析(DTA- TG)、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和二甲苯催化氧化活性测试等方法表征了该燃烧催化剂的结构和性能     

Catalytic Performance of Ce／Zr Oxides Catalysts for Soot Combustion

Catalytic performances of a series Ce/Zr oxides(CexZr1-xO2 )for soot combustion were investigated. The catalytic activities for soot combustion were affected by both the Ce/Zr ratio and the oxygen storageinvestigated. Thecapability of Ce/Zr oxides. O2-TPD and TG-DTA results indicate that CexZr1-xO2 can release its lattice oxygen continuously and promote soot combustion even no oxygen occurs in the reaction atmosphere. Among these Ce/Zr oxides, Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 has the best catalytic activity, and the ignition temperature of soot combustion was about 410℃, which is close to the practical exhaust temperature of the diesel engine.     

Synthesis of PET and Its Copolymer with Rare Earth Catalysts

A new catalyst system was used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and its copolymers, which involved a Ln3 containing compound. The catalytic effects were studied, and it was found that the direct esterification reaction of terephthalate acid(TPA) with ethylene glycol (EG) can be accelerated by the addition of Ln3 ~ containing compound, which acts as a promoter of the catalyst Sb203 in polycondensation of bis hydroxyethyl terephthalate(BHET).     

Development of Auto Exhaust Catalysts and Associated Application of Rare Earths in China

There are at least three obvious trends in the developments of automotive market in China : the evolution of emission standards from Euro Ⅱ to Euro Ⅲ, the demand of lean-burn gasoline engine and the time of diesel vehicles. The latest application and advances of exhaust catalysts by Chinese researchers, using some high effcient,economical and durable methods to meet these changes in emission regulations laws and engine technologies, were described. Rare earth oxides, such as lanthana, ceria-based solid solutions and perovskite-type oxides, are widely used as excellent promoters for thermal stability,oxygen storage capacity and oxidation/reduction activity in these catalysts. Four phases in the development of the auto exhaust catalyst industry in China since the mid 1970s were reviewed. It is argued that China will become the center of global auto exhaust catalysts industry in the next decades with its economic, technical and environmental incentives,which greatly depends on the research and development of rare earth.     

稀土元素在钯基氢净化材料上的应用

根据近年来钯基氢净化材料的研究状况,综述了添加稀土元素对钯基氢净化材料的影响。重点从稀土元素对钯吸氢后形成α相向β相的转变、透氢性能、力学性能以及有害杂质污染的抵抗能力等4个方面进行了阐述。说明添加稀土元素,特别是Y可明显改善钯膜的性能,为低廉、高效获得高纯氢提供了良好的途径。     

Catalytic Combustion of Diesel Soot over K2NiF4-type Oxides La2-xKxCuO4

The K2NiF4 type oxides, La2-x KxCuO4 complex oxides with nanometric size were prepared by sol-gel method. The characters of these samples were analyzed by H2-TPR, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The catalytic activity for soot combustion was evaluated by temperature-programmed reaction （TPO） technique. The results demonstrate that the substitution of K^＋ for La^3＋ at A-site will increase the catalytic activities of La2-xKxCuO4 to soot combustion greatly, and the substitution quantity affects the structure and catalytic activity obviously. The La1.8 K0.2 CuO4 complex oxides with tetrahedral structure has the best catalytic activity for soot removal reaction, the ignition temperature of soot combustion is decreased from 490 to 320℃.     

变价稀土氧化物对催化剂性能的影响

本文从原子结构分析了变价稀土元素原子的结构特点 ,从机理上分析了变价稀土氧化物对催化剂原子氧化价的稳定性、贮氧能力和热稳定性等性能增强的根源 ,从理论上深入认识了稀土氧化物的助催化作用。     

稀土材料提高柴油活性的研究

从柴油的温度、密度和自由基来研究柴油的性质。在稀土材料辐射作用下,柴油中的一些分子转化为活性态,分子间的碰撞频繁,从而温度略高于普通柴油。温度偏高,分子间的作用力减小,分子之间变得疏松,体积增大,密度也就减小。同时稀土材料产生的电子和负离子的数量成倍增加时,柴油中.OH自由基信号强度也成倍的增加。因此稀土材料能够激活柴油,提高柴油的活性。     

稀土型高温燃烧催化剂在天然气发电中的应用

催化燃烧是一种新兴的燃烧技术,本文综述了传统燃烧与催化燃烧的比较、高温燃烧催化剂的制备以及稀土型高温催化燃烧催化剂在天然气发电中的应用。     

Effect of Complex Agents on Structure and Activity of Fe-Substituted Rare Earth Hexaaluminate Catalysts for Methane Combustion

A series of catalysts were prepared by using complex sol-gel methods.Experimental results confirm the effect of different agents on structure and activity of Fe-substituted rare earth hexaaluminate catalyst (LaFeAl11 O19 ) for methane combustion.The catalyst is yielded by complex sol-gel, respectively using three different complex agents (maltose, glucose and citric acid).XRD demonstrated that haxaaluminate is the major phase of catalyst prepared by maltose,while LaAlO3 is the major one of the catalyst by glucose and citric acid.At the same time, there is a little LaFeO3 and surface areas as well as 29.5 nm particle diameter when the complex agent is maltose.However, T10 ( temperature for 10% conversion of methane) and T100 ( temperature for 100% conversion of methane) for catalyst by glucose is 543 and 758 ℃, which is the best among the three complex agents for methane combustion.     

新型稀土催化剂的研究

本文提出了采用国内廉价的２＃原料，代替活性氧化铝，用一次搓成法和固体合成法新工艺，研制了９０１１＃，９１０４＃新型汽车尾气净化稀土催化剂，提高了催化剂的低温活性，降低了成本，为稀土催化剂的应用开辟了一条新路。     

我国机动车排放污染控制与稀土催化剂的应用

本文从我国机动车排放污染的现状、机动车排放的法规与政策、国内外排放污染控制技术、稀土催化剂的研究与机动车净化催化剂中稀土的催化特性和机动车尾气净化催化剂研发中存在的问题等方面进行了综述与探讨 ,得到了一些有意义的结论 ,就机动车尾气净化稀土催化剂的研究与开发提出了一些设想和建议。     

稀土钙钛矿催化剂制备方法的研究进展

稀土钙钛矿超微粉体的常规制备方法主要有机械混合法、化学共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法以及微乳液法等等。本文总结了以上各种方法的制备过程、特点以及在工艺优化方面国内外所取得的研究进展,并从机理上探讨了上述工艺对稀土钙钛矿催化剂相关性能的影响。     

稀土紫红色陶瓷颜料的制备

采用共沉淀法于低温下合成了含稀土氧化物La2O3,CeO2的紫红色陶瓷颜料，并将合成的颜料应用于陶瓷高温釉料中；此外，通过颜色测定SEM，XRD及能谱分析等手段对颜料的颜色、粒度及结晶构造等进行了表征，并探讨了颜料的呈色机制。结果表明：该颜料在釉料中呈色稳定，可以应用于1320℃的高温，随稀土氧化物含量增加，颜料中析出(La,Ce)(Mn,Fe,Cr)O3晶相，颜料由棕红色转变为紫红色。     

Effect of Rare Earth Composite Ceramic Materials on Oil Combustion of Oil-Burning Boiler

The rare earth composite ceramic materials were prepared using rare earths and far infrared natural mineral. The effects of the as-prepared ceramic materials on the oil consumption and air pollutants emissions of oil-burning boiler were investigated. The results show that the composite ceramic materials can radiate higher intensity of far infrared. The molecular movement is strengthened and the chemical bonds of the molecules are easily ruptured when the diesel oil is dealt with the composite materials. The oil-saving rate of the RBS·VH-1.5 boiler dealt with the rare earth composite ceramic materials is 3.49%, and the reducing rates of CO and NO in the exhaust gas are 25.4% and 9.7%, respectively.     

Phase Behavior and Crystal Structure of Perovskite-Type Rare Earth Complex Oxides

Several compounds of rare earth complex oxides containing manganese and titanium were synthesized in Ar, and their crystal structures were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld method. Structures of A0.67Ln0.33 Mn0.33Ti0.6703（A = Ca or Sr and Ln = rare earth） were found to have orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Pnrna, and their interatomic distances and bond angles were obtained. This space group was also derived from electron microscopic study. Electrical conductivity of Cao.67Ln0.33Mn0.33Ti0.6703 for several rare earth elements showed a semiconducting property with the activation energy of 0.4 eV. Some of these compounds of the strontium system show the antiferromagnetic properties below 10 K.     

稀土在人造金刚石催化剂中的应用

介绍了用粉末技术合成金刚石的一种新方法,试验研究中采用加入少量稀土的NiFe合金粉末作为原料,在超高压、高温的条件下,经一定的工艺流程合成了高品级金刚石。该方法的显著特点是提高金刚石的粗粒度百分比,金刚石样品质量高,颜色黄。