用计算法展开圆筒上的接管

本文介绍用计算法解决圆向下上接管（中心线在同一平面上的垂直接管、斜交接管，中心线异面的垂直接管、斜交接管）的展开放样问题。     

储气罐开孔接管处疲劳强度分析

储气罐承受交变内压作用,与罐体内其他开孔接管处相比较,开孔处的开孔率最高,应力集中现象最为显著,发生疲劳破坏的机会也最大,故对储气罐的入孔处进行疲劳强度分析非常重要,文章首先分析了储气罐入孔接口处疲劳产生的原因,其次分析了减少储气罐入孔处疲劳强度的相关策略。     

大型设备现场开孔放样新技术

以大连石化公司350万t/a催化裂化装置再生器为例,以常规投影展开放样理论为基础,详细介绍简易划规法、数学模型法和AutoCAD(计算机辅助)作图放样法等开孔放样新技术,并对这几种方法的优缺点和适用范围进行分析。实践证明这几种开孔放样方法,不仅简便实用,而且计算、放样精度高,同时又在很大程度上提高了施工效率,具有一定的推广意义。     

压力容器开孔接管的疲劳分析

对某开孔接管补强结构进行了应力分析和疲劳分析,并与JB/T4732-95中应力指数法的分析结果对比后可知,用应力指数法得出的疲劳寿命偏于保守。     

大型球罐接管开孔补强的探讨

分析计算了球壳接管区应力集中及补强相关应力集中衰减范围。发现对于大型球壳接管结构 ,连接区内补强相关应力集中衰减宽度在一定的开孔率及球壳半径厚度比范围内超出了GB1 5 0 1 998规定的有效补强宽度。此参数范围内 ,如进行补强设计 ,建议适当增大有效补强宽度。     

内压简体开孔接管结构应力集中系数预测

针对内压筒体平齐式大开孔率开孔接管结构，提出一种基于有限元解的有效的应力集中系数（SCF）估算的经验公式。认为应力集中系数是A=d／√DT，n=T／D和ζ=（Dt）/（dT）函数，对近100个不同尺寸规格开孔接管结构的应力集中系数进行了较详细三维有限元分析计算，采用最小二乘法对应力集中系数规律进行了回归分析，得到了应力集中系数计算的经验公式，另外用83个开孔接管结构的有限元解与其进行了对比计算。结果表明，此经验公式的计算精度可以满足一般工程问题的要求。     

用AutoCAD绘制球封头开孔放样图

本文以焦炭塔球形封头开孔放样为例,介绍了球形封头开孔放样的原理、方法,并着重介绍了如何使用CAD绘制、输出放样图。将CAD引入到放样领域,可以达到方便快捷、精确简单,从而提出了放样技术的新思路。     

内压简体开孔接管结构应力集中系数预测

针对内压简体平齐式大开孔率开孔接管结构，提出一种基于有限元解的应力集中系数（SCF）估算的经验公式，认为应力集中系数是λ=d/√DT，η=T／D和ζ=Dt／（dT）函数。对近120个不同尺寸规格开孔接管结构的应力集中系数进行了较详细的三雏有限元分析计算，采用最小二乘法对应力集中系数规律进行了回归分析，得到了应力集中系数计算的经验金式，另外用83个开孔接管结构的有限元解与其进行了对比计算。结果表明，此经验公式的计算精度可以满足一般工程问题的要求。     

压力容器开孔接管区应力的有限元分析

为了满足工艺过程的要求,压力容器必须开孔接管,从而使开孔接管区的应力状态非常复杂,成为压力容器的高应力区之一。论文采用ANSYS Workbench软件对压力容器筒体上正交接管和切向接管的应力进行了分析比较。结果表明:筒体上正交开孔接管的最大应力强度比切向相同内径的开孔接管的要小。     

计算机辅选水处理实验室常规配水方案

采用计算机科学计算语言Fortran77,基于目前主流操作系统Win97/98/2000环境,结合利用现代办公套装软件Office97/2000,完成了一种水处理试验中实验室常规配水的计算机可视化界面方案辅选程序软件。运用调试结果显示,该程序软件操作简便、结果合理、可以使用。     

Computer simulation of thermoforming in complex shapes

A finite element analysis of thermoforming based on the thin membrane approximation is presented. Triangular elements with adaptive mesh refinement are used to describe deformed shapes in complex geometries. Viscoelastic effects are assumed to be negligible, and Ogden's model is used to express the material response. The results are in good agreement with previous simulations and some experimental data available in the literature. The combination of adaptive mesh refinement near corners and edges, inclusion of slip or no-slip conditions as required on mold walls, and an efficient equation solver allow simulation of thermoforming in complex geometrical shapes at reasonable computer times on a personal computer.     

A polymer complex as a new type of electron beam resist for dry development

Polymer complex of poly (4-vinylpyrldine) and malonic acid was investigated as a new type of electron beam (EB) resist for dry development, as malonic acid was decomposed by EB irradiation. It was found that the polymer complex could be developed with O₂ plasma etching and that the positive resist patterns with high resolution could be obtained. The mechanism for this lithography process was studied by means of IR and ESCA spectra.     

Test results of a catalytically assisted combustor for a gas turbine

A catalytically assisted ceramic combustor for a gas turbine was designed and tested to achieve low NO_x emissions. This combustor is composed of a burner and a ceramic liner. The burner consists of an annular preburner, six catalytic combustor segments and six premixing nozzles, which are arranged in parallel and alternately. In this combustor system, catalytic combustion temperature is controlled under 1000 °C, premixed gas is injected from the premixing nozzles to the catalytic combustion gas and lean premixed combustion over 1300 °C is carried out in the ceramic liner. This system was designed to avoid catalyst deactivation at high temperature and thermal shock fracture of the ceramic honeycomb monolith of the catalyst. A 1 MW class combustor was tested using LNG fuel. Firstly, NO_x emissions from the preburner were investigated under various pressure conditions. Secondly, two sets of honeycomb cell density catalysts and one set of thermally pretreated catalysts ware applied to the combustor, and combustion tests were carried out under various pressure conditions. As a result, it was found that the main source of NO_x was the preburner, and total NO_x emissions from the combustor were approximately 4 ppm (at 16% O₂) at an adiabatic combustion temperature of 1350 °C and combustor inlet pressure of 1.33 MPa.     

Rapid process refinement for the development of complex solution copolymers

The industrial manufacture of specialty free radical solution copolymers (FRPs) requires use of a variety of solvents and co-monomers based on the desired properties and end-use. The polymer composition, polymerization solvent, and process parameters have a significant impact on polymer properties such as copolymer composition and polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD). The scale-up and trouble-shooting of copolymerization processes is a significant challenge for the specialty polymers industry due to short project time-scales, limited resources available for each project, and the use of newly developed proprietary monomers. We present approaches that combine process systems and experimental approaches to support data and knowledge-based decisions in the context of live projects under commercial time constraints with only limited data available. These approaches are used for the evaluation and improvement of a batch process operating under reflux conditions that exhibits a large change in solvent boiling point due to the use of high boiling monomers. The approaches allow rapid process refinement and include thermodynamics and heat transfer considerations decoupled from the complexity of reaction kinetics and chemistry with assumptions on heat release rates. Controllability analysis can be carried out at different stages of the batch, sensitivity to the selected solvent tested, and recommendations made on solvent use and process conditions. In addition, we also present an innovative, sparse matrix-based representation of chain length dependent rates that has potential to deliver rapid solutions without loss of detail of MWD.     

PP复合成核剂的研究进展

综述了用于丙烯聚合的α成核剂(山梨醇衍生物类、有机磷酸盐类、松香类等)和β成核剂复合化的研究进展.成核剂的复合化主要是现有成核剂通过化学改性实现多功能化、不同成核剂之间的相互协同以及成核剂与其他助剂的协同.     

Computer simulation of transient gas flows in complex round pipes

A computer model and algorithms for predicting and analyzing the transient incompressible gas flows in standard assemblies of complex round pipes are developed. It is shown that the vibrational safety and reliability of complex pipes are most reasonable to provide by using the three-dimensional computer simulation of the distribution of velocities, pressures, and temperatures over different sections of the pipe. It is shown that the developed three-dimensional computer model and obtained results can be used for calculating the integral indices of transient gas flows in assemblies of complex pipes.     

Introduction of a nonlinearity measure for principal component models

Although principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in standard multivariate data analysis, little interest has been devoted to assessing whether the underlying relationship within a given variable set can be described by a linear PCA model or whether nonlinear PCA must be utilized. This paper addresses this deficiency by introducing a nonlinearity measure for principal component models. The measure is based on the following two principles: (i) the range of recorded process operation is divided into smaller regions; and (ii) accuracy bounds are determined for the sum of the discarded eigenvalues. If this sum is within the accuracy bounds for each region, the process is assumed to be linear and vice versa. This procedure is automated through the use of cross-validation. Finally, the paper shows the utility of the new nonlinearity measure using two simulation studies and with data from an industrial melter process.     

建立我国百日咳组分纯化疫苗质量标准的探讨

百日咳组分纯化疫苗相对于共纯化疫苗,成分明确,更安全有效,更利于质量监管。我国的百日咳组分纯化疫苗已研制成功并开始应用,旧的共纯化苗质量标准已不适用,国际上尚无统一的组分苗质量标准。本文借鉴国内外研究,从疫苗有效成分(组分抗原)、安全性和有效性检测方面,对建立我国百日咳组分纯化疫苗的质量标准进行探讨。