基于物流能力约束的整车物流计划

基于时间竞争的敏捷供应链环境中,汽车整车物流必须按照客户订单对交货期、交货地点等的要求进行快速响应和准时配送.整车运输能力作为物流要素能力之一,由于其特殊性已成为整车物流的瓶颈,对物流绩效和供应链绩效形成重要影响.从压缩订单响应时间角度出发,在以整车运输能力为约束的条件下,提出了汽车整车物流准时配送计划问题,参照并行多机提前/拖期问题的研究方法,设计了一种制定整车物流配送计划的启发式算法,最后通过算例证明所提算法的可行性.     

供应链运作风险影响供应链绩效的实证研究

从实证研究的角度研究了供应链运作风险对供应链绩效的影响.将供应链运作风险归纳为供应风险、需求风险、制造过程风险和信息风险四类,选择供应链可靠性、柔性、服务质量和财务绩效四个变量描述供应链绩效,构建了一个反映二者关系的概念模型.通过对国内制造业企业的问卷调研,利用结构方程模型软件LISREL8.70对模型进行了统计检验,得到了研究结果.研究结果表明:制造过程风险和信息风险对供应链绩效有显著的直接影响;供应风险和需求风险对供应链绩效无显著的直接影响,但通过与制造过程风险和信息风险的相关关系间接影响供应链绩效.研究结论为制造企业实际的供应链风险管理提供理论借鉴.     

供应链风险管理与企业绩效的结构关系检验

研究了供应链风险管理绩效影响企业绩效的结构关系.从供应风险管理绩效、需求风险管理绩效、制造过程风险管理绩效和信息风险管理绩效4个维度构建了供应链风险管理绩效的测量指标,提出了反映供应链风险管理绩效各个维度影响企业绩效的因果结构模型.通过对国内制造性企业的调研,基于结构方程模型对该模型进行了统计检验,结果表明:信息风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的直接和间接影响,制造过程风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的直接影响,供应风险管理绩效和需求风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的间接影响.从残差分析、中介效应检验和竞争性模型比较三个方面分析了该模型的优势,并就企业如何应用质量管理实践提高供应链风险管理绩效提出了一些有针对性的建议.     

基于供应链快速响应的实证研究

本文运用因子分析和结构方程模型对国内企业的供应链快速响应能力、客户满意度、企业竞争力和企业绩效之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明：通过提高供应链的快速响应能力可以提高客户满意度、增强企业竞争力,进而提升企业绩效;通过提高客户满意度可以增强企业竞争力;供应链快速响应能力与企业绩效之间不存在直接的显著正相关关系。     

物流能力要素与供应链绩效关系实证研究

针对中国企业进行了问卷调查,根据产品需求的特点,将问卷样本分为两类,第一类行业产品的市场需求变化快;第二类行业产品的市场需求稳定.用统计学的因子分析和回归分析方法,针对两类行业分别分析了物流能力要素和供应链绩效之间的关系,得出了以下结论:信息能力和售前售后服务能力对第一类行业影响显著,客户服务能力和匹配能力对第二类行业影响显著,配送能力对两类行业的影响都很显著.     

影响供应链竞争力的物流能力要素分析

在分析了物流能力对供应链竞争力有重要影响的前提下,通过引入物流要素能力和物流运作能力建立了一个基于物流能力的供应链竞争模型,其中,物流要素能力由要素自身的物理能力体现；物流运作能力由处理比例和运作因子体现.在给定条件下,通过投影算法对该模型进行数值求解,找到了最具竞争力的供应链及其对应的物流能力特征.进一步,通过改变处...     

供应链绩效对企业经济增加值的影响——基于系统动力学的关联模型研究

将供应链绩效与企业长期财务目标联系起来,分析了供应链运作参考模型SCOR中绩效指标与企业经济增加值(EVA)之间的关系,采用系统动力学仿真的方法建立了关联模型,并通过关联模型量化地研究了供应链绩效指标的单一变化与多重变化对企业经济增加值的影响。模型模拟仿真的结果表明,依据关联模型可以有效地测量供应链绩效对企业经济增加值的影响及影响程度,明确供应链运作的改进方向,使企业提升财务业绩,增强竞争优势。     

第三方物流企业关键绩效管理

该研究从第三方物流企业的服务性行业性质出发,在供应链的环境中考察不同顾客对物流绩效的不同需求,提出绩效管理必须以顾客满意为导向的关键绩效管理(CTP)思想.第三方物流企业以顾客满意为导向的关键绩效管理,从顾客满意度出发,通过分析物流企业的关键业务流程,研究影响顾客满意度的企业内部因素,指出物流质量、成本、周期以及系统柔性是影响顾客满意度的四个关键因素,并由此四个维度总结出第三方物流企业的关键绩效指标及绩效评价函数.最后,通过对第三方汽车物流企业的实证研究进一步说明以顾客满意为导向的绩效管理方法的实际应用.     

基于差异化物流服务的供应链决策与数量折扣协调

针对一个具有差异化物流服务的供应链,设计了基于数量折扣合同的协调策略以优化供应链定价决策,提高供应链及链上各方企业的利润。首先基于效用函数分析了消费者选择行为,并由此获得每种配送服务的需求函数。然后基于Stackelberg博弈模型求解了分散决策下的供应链均衡策略并与集中决策情形进行对比,发现分散决策下过高的产品销售定价及过低的快速配送附加运费导致消费者效用减少并使供应链总利润降低25%。为了达到集中决策下的最优绩效,基于物流企业视角提出数量折扣定价合同并对相关参数进行设计,发现促使供应链达到协调的数量折扣合同有无数多个,且在一定范围内这些合同能够实现双方企业利润的改善。最后基于数值分析模拟了部分数量折扣合同,并分析了零售企业还价能力对双方利润的影响。     

基于平衡记分卡的供应链绩效评价体系构建

从物流效率、计划及执行能力、企业战略及组织间的协调能力、以及信息技术应用能力等4个维度,构建了企业供应链绩效的评价体系,在此基础上,设计出供应链绩效平衡记分卡,并且利用调研数据对记分卡的信度和效度进行了检验.研究结果表明:该记分卡通过了信度检验和效度检验,因而能够可靠而有效地对企业的供应链绩效进行评价.     

Flexibility in manufacturing enterprises

A manufacturing enterprise is a collection of interrelated, flexible, optimized business processes delivering value to the customers through high quality products and services, faster than competition. This view of an enterprise enables one to consider the entire business system including the suppliers, product development, manufacturing, logistics, distribution, and retailing and to smoothen out the interfaces between them. Performance measures and performance measurement are important for monitoring, control and management. We identify and discuss eight performance measures for generic business processes. These include lead time, customer service, dependability, quality, flexibility, cost, capacity, and asset utilization. In this paper, we concentrate on flexibility of business processes with special emphasis on the supply chain and order-to-delivery processes. We attempt to provide clear definitions and measures of various types of flexibilities as well as discuss the relationship between product structure and supply chain flexibility. The relationship between uncertainties, flexibility, technology, and product structure is clearly brought out in this paper.     

物流服务供应链质量监控行为博弈分析

研究了物流服务供应商和集成商之间的质量监控博弈行为,分析双方的行为对物流服务质量的影响,从而提升物流服务质量。在两级物流服务供应链结构模型的基础上,构建了多级复杂物流服务供应链模型,运用博弈论方法分别给出了不同模型下的混合Nash均衡解,并考虑长期利益情况,得出模型的新Nash均衡解。结果表明,加强集成商的监督力度以及增加供应商之间的竞争等具体措施都可以显著改善物流服务供应链的质量监控和协调。     

Value chain flexibility: A dichotomy of competence and capability

Increasing global competition, accelerating technological change and expanding customer expectations are creating a turbulent environment. Flexibility is a mechanism that enables firms to cope with this increasing uncertainty because it facilitates a quick response, which is strategically important as an order-winning criterion. To meet customer needs, flexibility must be across the value chain and it should include product development, manufacturing, logistics and spanning activities. The paper applies competence and capability theory to value chain flexibility and it explores the relationships among environmental uncertainty, value chain flexibility and competitive advantage. It provides a framework for understanding these relationships and builds a theoretical foundation for developing and testing relationships among these constructs. The research should help managers identify the flexible capabilities that impact relationships with their customers and the flexible competences that support these capabilities.     

On the Bullwhip Avoidance Phase: supply chain collaboration and order smoothing

This paper provides an assessment of the impact of collaboration and smoothing replenishment rules on supply chain operational performance and customer service level. Three supply chain configurations (i.e. Traditional, Information Exchange and Synchronised) in which orders are generated by smoothing (S, R) inventory control policies are studied for different proportional controllers. A supply chain stress test is performed through a sudden and intense change in demand. A structured and extended supply chain assessment framework is adopted. The main conclusions of this paper are the following. (i) The impact of Supply Chain Collaboration on overall supply chain performance is greater than that of order smoothing. Order smoothing mitigates the bullwhip effect, but it may have a negative impact on customer service. Supply Chain Collaboration mitigates the bullwhip effect, provides inventory stability, limits lumpy orders and enhances customer service level. (ii) The negative effect on customer service level of order smoothing is almost eliminated in synchronised supply chains.     

Threats and benefits of power discrepancies between organisations: a supply chain perspective

The discrepancy of power between organisations has raised concerns over the abuse of power in inter-organisational relationships, especially in the supply chain where parties often have different power positions. In this study, we develop and test a model that explains how the less powerful party may react to different forms of power exercised by the power source. Nowadays, customers are typically more powerful than manufacturers in supply chains. Specifically, based on data from 617 manufacturers representing various organisational sizes and industries, we examine the impact of customer coercive and expert power on the manufacturer’s information sharing behaviours (information systems and content) as well as the performance implications for both the manufacturer and the customer. Structural equation modelling reveals that customer expert power positively predicts the establishment of information systems and the extent to which information is actively shared. In contrast, customer coercive power is negatively associated with the establishment of information systems, while it is positively related to information content. Information systems, in turn, predict the extent to which information is effectively exchanged, which ultimately relates positively to flexibility and delivery performance. Flexibility performance is positively related to financial performance, while delivery performance is not. Taken together, these findings enrich our understanding of inter-organisational power dynamics by offering important insights into differential reactions that the power target may choose to counter power imbalances.     

基于LSSC的供应商选择与订单分配

面对物流服务供应链中不规则的客户需求,物流服务集成商如何有效分配各物流供应商的物流订单是一大难题。考虑集成商对不同分销点的多个物流供应商分配订单的情形,建立基于物流供应商现有手头订单、物流能力可获得性、配送效率、缺损率与成本的供应商选择与订单分配组合优化模型,并采用相应算法进行算例分析。结果表明:该模型及算法能够为物流服务供应链的运作确定合适数量的供应商及进行订单分配的优化;在确保满足客户期望服务水平的同时,降低供应商的运作成本,并促使其为获取更大的竞争优势而改进自身的物流服务能力。     

Supply chain flexibility concepts,dimensions and outcomes: an organisational capability perspective

Due to the increasing uncertainty and diversity in supply chains (SCs), companies are aiming to develop their SC flexibility, which we define as the capability of a company, both internally and externally in conjunction with its key suppliers and customers, to respond to uncertainties and customer expectations without excessive costs, time and performance losses. SC flexibility has three dimensions – internal, supplier and customer flexibility. This study investigates how SC flexibility improves operational and financial performance from the organisational capability perspective. The conceptual model is empirically tested using data collected from 216 companies in China. Our findings suggest that only customer and internal flexibility contribute to operational performance directly, while supplier flexibility contributes to operational performance only indirectly through internal flexibility. The three dimensions of SC flexibility have no direct impacts on financial performance. We further identify complementarities between supplier and customer flexibility and tradeoffs between supplier and internal flexibility. However, no synergy effect is found for internal and customer flexibility on operational performance. This study provides a framework to understand SC flexibility from the organisational capability perspective and identifies the inter-relationships among the three dimensions of SC flexibility and operational and financial performance.     

The impact of host country regulatory quality on the value creation process in e-business supply chains

The use of e-business (EB) applications has reshaped an organisations’ supply chain structure. EB applications have enabled supply chain organisations to integrate their upstream and downstream supply chain processes to reach higher performance outcomes. Employing the resource-based view and contingency perspective as theoretical anchors, we propose and test a model of the relationship between EB applications, supply chain integration and financial performance that is moderated by a country’s regulatory quality. Cross-country data have been collected from 637 organisations through the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey research initiative. We hypothesise that the efficacy of the EB value creation process depends on the regulatory quality of the country that companies are located in. Results indicate that EB has a stronger impact on supply chain integration and supply chain integration has a stronger impact on financial performance, if the companies are situated in countries with high quality regulatory levels.