3Cr2Mo塑料模具钢连续冷却相变行为

为了调节塑料模具钢3Cr2Mo的组织,以实现在线预硬化,使用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机、光学显微镜以及透射电子显微镜等研究3Cr2Mo钢变形及未变形奥氏体的连续冷却相变行为及相变组织.实验结果表明,3Cr2Mo钢奥氏体稳定性较高,在所研究的实验条件下,连续冷却过程中没有出现先共析铁素体和珠光体,而是发生贝氏体和马氏体相变.热变形使奥氏体发生了机械稳定化,贝氏体相变推迟到较低温度下才完成.随着冷却速度的降低,贝氏体的形态由常规板条状变成粒状,最终可获得粒状贝氏体组织.     

热输入对Q890高强钢焊缝组织及性能的影响

针对国内某钢厂最新研制的Q890高强钢,采用三种不同的热输入对其进行气体保护焊接,研究了不同热输入对焊缝金属组织、硬度及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,3种热输入下,焊缝组织主要以板条贝氏体为主,并含有粒状贝氏体、少量的板条马氏体和残余奥氏体.随着热输入的增大,焊缝组织中贝氏体铁素体板条粗化,板条马氏体逐渐减少,而粒状贝氏体逐渐增多,部分残余奥氏体由薄膜状向块状转变;焊缝金属硬度随着热输入的增大而下降;焊缝金属的冲击韧性亦呈逐渐下降的趋势.     

冷却速度对10CrNi5MoV钢焊缝金属相变的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机测量了10CrNi5MoV钢焊缝金属在不同冷却速率下奥氏体连续冷却过程中的温度-膨胀曲线,利用杠杆定律,得到了不同冷却速率下相变动力学曲线,分析了冷却速率对焊缝金属相变的影响。结果表明,不同冷却速率下焊缝金属的奥氏体转变动力学曲线均呈S型,冷却速率为60 ℃/s、30 ℃/s、15 ℃/s时,奥氏体转变速率与温度的曲线呈单峰状,冷却速率为6 ℃/s,奥氏体转变速率与温度的曲线表现为贝氏体、粒状贝氏体相变的双峰转变。      

热输入对Q1100钢焊接接头低温韧性及耐蚀性能的影响

采用10 kJ/cm和15 kJ/cm两种焊接热输入对Q1100超高强钢进行熔化极气体保护焊,研究焊接接头的组织性能及局部腐蚀行为。结果表明：两种热输入焊接接头的焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体,粗晶区组织均为板条贝氏体,细晶区组织均为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,临界相变区组织为多边形铁素体、马奥岛和碳化物的混合组织。两种热输入焊接接头中电荷转移电阻均为母材>热影响区>焊缝区,母材耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝区耐蚀性最差。在腐蚀过程中,焊缝区作为阳极最先被腐蚀,当腐蚀一定时间后,腐蚀位置发生改变,阳极腐蚀区域转移到母材区,而焊缝区作为阴极得到保护。热输入为10 kJ/cm时,焊接接头具有更好的低温韧性和耐蚀性,其焊缝和热影响区-40℃冲击功分别为46.5 J和30.2 J。     

钛微合金化热轧TRIP钢的连续冷却相变研究

用Formastor-FII相变仪研究了钛微合金化TRIP在不同开冷温度下的连续冷却相变,建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体的相变规律.结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢依次经过铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体相区,在较宽的冷却速率范围内,均可获得贝氏体及马氏体组织,其Ms点为450℃左右;随着开冷温度的降低或冷却速率的提高,实验钢的铁素体及贝氏体开始转变温度降低,抑制了铁素体及贝氏体相变;随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢的显微组织由铁素体+粒状贝氏体逐步转变为板条贝氏体+板条马氏体及板条马氏体组织;当冷却速率较低时,铁素体由晶内铁素体和晶界铁素体组成,晶内铁素体形核质点为复杂的氧化物及硫化物.     

奥氏体变形对22CrSH齿轮钢连续冷却相变的影响

为了研究奥氏体变形对22CrSH齿轮钢连续冷却相变的影响,在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上,将22CrSH钢在950℃变形0.4及未变形处理,然后连续冷却.利用膨胀曲线、光学显微镜、透射显微镜,结合各种腐蚀方法,分析了22CrSH钢相变行为及相变组织.研究表明:奥氏体变形使多边形铁素体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大;当奥氏体变形及降低冷速时,大量的晶界仿晶型铁素体占据了奥氏体晶界,贝氏体相变向针状铁素体相变转变;变形使奥氏体在中温相变区稳定性增加,室温组织中M/A岛的数量增多.     

Fe-C合金贝氏体转变初期的热力学分析

用 Fe-C 合金的规则间隙溶体模型在新的贝氏体转变模式的基础上对 Fe-C 合金贝氏体转变初期进行了热力学分析。新的模式中,贝氏体铁素体以非平衡但不完全过饱和的碳量经由切变机制形成,碳的再分配先于贝氏体铁素体的形成。结果表明,在完善奥氏体中形成一定尺寸的贫碳区,其引起的能量升高与马氏体相变的形核垒有相同的数量级;在借助于体系的内部缺陷以及非平衡体系结构驰豫的情况下是可以实现的过程;在贝氏体铁素体碳量为非平衡但不完全过饱和的情况下,贝氏体转变的驱动力足以推动切变相变。     

纳米贝氏体/马氏体钢的热稳定性

将低温贝氏体相变前淬火得到由马氏体、贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的纳米贝氏体钢,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段观察在不同温度回火的纳米贝氏体钢的显微组织和硬度变化,研究了预相变马氏体对纳米贝氏体钢热稳定性的影响。结果表明:含有马氏体的纳米贝氏体钢在中低温(473~773 K)回火后其硬度比回火前的高,回火温度高于823 K其硬度迅速下降到266.2HV(923 K)。预形成的马氏体在473~573 K回火后向附近的残余奥氏体排碳,后者的碳含量提高到峰值1.52%,提高了残余奥氏体的热稳定性,延迟后者在高温时的分解,从而提高了纳米贝氏体钢的高温热稳定性;回火温度高于723 K则残余奥氏体分解成碳化物,贝氏体铁素体粗化、回复形成新的铁素体晶粒。     

Si对团球状共晶体奥氏体—贝氏体钢中贝氏体相变的影响

在热力学，动力学的基础上，从贝氏体铁素体在奥氏体贫碳区切变机制出发，研究了Ｓｉ对团球状共晶体奥－贝钢中贝氏体相变的影响，并提出Ｓｉ促使奥氏体奥碳区的形成，有利于贝氏体切变的新观点。     

Mg处理X100管线钢的焊接CCT曲线及其组织

采用焊接热模拟技术和显微组织分析等方法,对Mg处理X100管线钢在连续冷却转变下的显微组织的变化规律进行了研究。通过对Mg处理X100管线钢CCT曲线的建立和显微组织分析结果表明:对比焊接CCT模拟工艺和常规950℃保温的CCT工艺,前者AC1、AC3相变点要分别高于后者25℃,奥氏体晶粒显著大于后者,冷却相变点要低于后者50～80℃。在焊接热模拟工艺下,当冷却速度在0.1～3℃/s之间时,组织以准多边形铁素体(QF)和粒状贝氏体为主;在3～30℃/s的冷却速度范围,主体组织为粒状贝氏体(GB)和针状铁素体(BF);当冷却速度为30～50℃/s,组织以贝氏体铁素体(BF)为主;大于50℃/s的冷却速度,将形成马氏体(M)组织。     

低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢组织和性能的影响

为了研究22MnB5钢在退火过程中的组织演变规律,细化热冲压成形后马氏体板条束,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析技术和拉伸实验等方法,研究了不同低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢显微组织和力学性能的影响,并阐述了不均匀奥氏体在退火过程中的转变机制及合金元素对粒状珠光体形成的影响.研究表明,经低温临界区不同退火时间保温及随后等温处理后,得到不同的珠光体形态,在770℃保温0.5 h,并在700℃等温处理后,得到铁素体基体上分布颗粒状碳化物的粒状珠光体组织;随着临界区保温时间的延长,奥氏体转变逐渐均匀,使部分奥氏体在随后的等温过程中发生共析转变,得到多边形铁素体+片层状珠光体组织.粒状珠光体组织有利于细化淬火后的马氏体板条束,提高综合力学性能.     

ULCB钢相变产物粒状与板条状贝氏体组织性能研究

对ULCB钢的主要相变组织粒状贝氏体与板条贝氏体进行了力学性能比较,结果显示粒状贝氏体与板条贝氏体是完全不同的两种组织,较高温度相变产物粒状贝氏体组织较为粗大,对强度和韧性有不利影响,而较低温度相变产物板条贝氏体组织对强度和韧性是有益的.     

Influence of Hot Deformation and Cooling Conditions on the Microstructures of Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels

The transformation behaviours and microstructural characteristics of three low carbon microalloyed steels were investigated. In particular, the effects of deformation and cooling conditions were studied by means of compression tests. It was found that at higher cooling rate (45℃/s), the transformation products was mainly granular bainite, the intragranular nucleated bainitic ferrite grew in different directions, and the second phase particles of M/A constituent uniformly distributed in the bainitic ferrite matrix. When the cooling rate was decreased to 25℃/s or 15℃/s, the resulting microstructure was converted to a mixture of polygonal hypoeutectoid ferrite and granular bainite, whose percentage was reduced. As the cooling rate was lowered to 8℃/s, the microstructure consisted chiefly of polygonal ferrite with a few amounts of M/A and pearlite.     

Effect of reheat temperature on continuous cooling bainite transformation behavior in low carbon microalloyed steel

The effect of reheat temperature on continuous cooling bainite transformation in a low carbon microalloyed steel was investigated using a dilatometer based on welding thermal simulation process. The variation of microstructure was analyzed in detail by means of optical microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the morphology of the main microstructure changes from polygonal ferrite to granular bainite with increasing reheat temperature at a given lower cooling rate. For the higher cooling rate, the microstructure is predominantly lath bainite irrespective of the reheat temperature. The specimens with the relatively fine austenite grain size have the lowest bainite start and finish temperatures among the simulated sub-zones of heat affected zone, which is consistent with the result of the bainite lath width size observed using the TEM. Meanwhile, although the prevailing type of impingement mode of transformation is anisotropic growth impingement for all heat treatment processes, the reheat temperature has some influence on the maximum transformation rate and effective activation energy of bainite transformation.     

低碳超低碳微合金化管线钢显微组织的研究进展

综述了纸碳及超低碳微合金钢显微组织研究的现状，介绍了奥氏体连续冷却转变时形成的各种铁素体的术语，讨论了多边及准多边铁素体、针状铁素体及晶内成核针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体铁素体等的形成机理和组织形貌。另外，还指出了文献中使用“针状铁素体”术语的一些混淆及不同理解，提出了在工程上分析复杂管线钢组织时，可将多种形态铁素体简化为铁素体及贝氏体两类。对当前西气东输管线工程中材料显微组织的判断可提供参考。     

Effect of plastic deformation on the formation of acicular ferrite

The effect of plastic deformation on the transformation of austenite to acicular ferrite in a Fe–Mn–Si–C alloy steel containing non-metallic inclusions was investigated. The transformation to acicular ferrite is retarded and the final fraction of acicular ferrite is reduced in plastically deformed austenite, which is a characteristic of a displacive transformation mechanism. The increase in the chemical driving force for transformation due to large undercooling below the B_s temperature overcomes the efficacy of dislocations in preventing the growth of acicular ferrite.     

高强钢焊接接头显微组织的研究进展

综述了热输入、合金元素、冷却速率和应变速率对高强钢焊接接头显微组织的影响和高温共聚焦显微镜原位观察高强钢显微组织的最新研究进展,总结了高强钢焊接接头粗晶热影响区显微组织的转变机理.结果表明:通过延长冷却时间、减少热输入量、控制合金元素的含量和采用预处理提高应变速率等方法,可以调控高强钢焊接接头显微组织中马氏体、粒状贝氏...     

A molecular dynamics study on formation of the self-accommodation microstructure during phase transformation

Self-accommodation microstructure,a typical crystallographic texture developed from phase transformation,is often observed in various alloys.In this work,a molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to reveal the fine details of self-accommodation microstructure evolution during the phase transformation from austenite to ferrite in pure iron.The growth and shrinkage of ferrite grains with different orientation relationships(ORs) are interpreted based on the analysis combining the elastic interaction energy and the interfacial energy.It was found that the strain energy determines the priority of potential ORs,while the interfacial energy selects the specific preferred ORs to form.The present atomistic process and energetic interpretation of the self-accommodation microstructure provide helpful insight into phase transformation textures observed in various alloys.     

含磷和钒热轧TRIP钢组织控制及力学性能研究

为探讨含磷和钒热轧TRIP钢的组织控制和力学性能,采用不同变形温度（900和800℃）,研究其相变行为,并在此基础上进行热轧试验.研究表明：随着冷速增加,变形温度对铁素体相变开始温度（Ar3）的影响逐渐增大;相同冷速条件下,变形使贝氏体相变开始温度（Bs）升高;变形对贝氏体相变的促进作用,随着变形温度的降低而减弱.终轧...     

The intermediate transformation of Mn-Mo-Nb steel during continuous cooling

The continuous cooling transformation diagram for low-carbon low-alloy steel containing 0.05% C, 1.99% Mn, 0.31% Mo and 0.06% Nb was constructed by dilatometry and metallography. The intermediate transformation between martensite and polygonal ferrite involves two typical stages: the formation of ferrite matrix and the formation of microphases. Four intermediate transformation products obtained from various cooling rates and designated B₁, B₂, A₁ and A₂, were studied. The B₁ and B₂ structures are composed of pockets of parallel ferrite laths and interlath microphases, which are films of retained austenite in B, and are fragments of retained austenite or martensite or martensite-retained austenite (M-A) constituents in B₂. The B₁ structure is further characterized by the appearance of martensite particles inside the ferrite laths. The A₁ structure is comprised of the randomly arranged ferrite groups. Each group contains several short ferrite laths in the same crystallographic orientation and granular M-A constituents or martensite located at the rim of ferrite laths or groups. The A₂ structure is morphologically analogous to Widmanstätten ferrite. The formation mechanisms of these products are also discussed.