用于编制热轧生产流程的新型Meta-heuristic算法

带钢热轧具有特殊的生产工艺约束, 其生产流程的编制是钢铁企业生产的关键, 因此提出采用并行策略的基于多旅行商问题(MTSP)热轧轧制模型. 该模型不但考虑了板坯在宽度、厚度和硬度跳变时的约束, 还考虑了同一轧制单元内轧制板坯数量的约束. 并设计了新的Meta-heuristics算法求解此模型. 通过对某热轧带钢厂生产数据的仿真实验,表明模型和算法能有效地给出满意的排产结果, 并且具有较高的执行效率.     

基于S-GA的连铸热轧工序成本研究

针对能耗型钢铁企业连铸热轧由于工序换模导致钢坯等待而产生巨大能耗的现状,引入精益中的快速换模（SMED）及节拍（TAKT）思想,考虑连铸热轧中的换模成本、能耗成本以及客户需求,研究建立了连铸热轧的综合成本模型,通过结构式遗传算法对模型进行求解。以某钢铁企业的实际生产数据为例,求得了最优解,并验证了模型与算法的有效性和可行性,为钢铁企业通过改进换模实现节能提供了理论依据。     

基于PCTSP的热轧单元计划模型与算法

根据钢铁企业热轧产品生产工艺约束条件,将热轧生产轧制单元计划模型归结为奖金收集旅行商问题,设计了蚁群最优化算法对模型进行求解.引用某钢铁企业热轧生产轧制单元计划编制的实际问题对模型和算法进行了验证,并与遗传算法的求解结果进行了对比.实验结果表明模型和算法的优化效果和时间效率都是令人满意的.该模型和算法经过改进后可应用到包含多个轧制单元计划的轧制批量计划优化问题中.     

热轧日生产计划优化模型和算法仿真

钢铁企业的炼钢-连铸-热轧生产过程兼有连续时间和离散事件的特征,是一个典型的混杂系统.由于炼钢、连铸、热轧这三大工序在生产过程中为顺序加工,所以生产调度中不仅存在物流平衡问题,同时在高温作业环境下,也存在能量平衡和时间平衡问题.针对当前钢铁生产中多品种、小批量、高质量、低价格、交货期日趋精确的发展要求.建立了基于准时制的热轧生产日计划模型.对于模型的求解,采用改进的混合启发式遗传算法求解,采用了新的编码方式以及动态调整交叉和变异算子概率,快速搜索最优解.     

基于改进型遗传算法的热轧生产计划调度系统

针对热轧型钢生产计划编制的约束条件复杂、易延误交货期、不易寻求最优解等问题,采用面向可拆分订单的批策略思想建立了新的生产计划模型,并针对新模型改进了遗传算法,提出了拆分染色体遗传算法.结合某钢铁企业实例,在建立基于批决策与批调度热轧数学模型、列举实际生产约束条件之后,阐明了此种新算法的应用过程,并且通过不同的订单数据进行模拟计算和结果比较,证明了该模型及算法得出的生产计划可节省生产时间、降低设备调度、减少交货延误,以此来指导热轧型钢的生产,可切实提高企业利润率.     

基于多输入层遗传神经网络的热轧产品性能预测

根据热轧产品加工流程的多阶段特点,建立了高维多输入层遗传神经网络机械性能预报模型.该模型根据工艺流程发生顺序在前馈人工神经网络的某些隐含层上增添了输入节点,能够更好地模拟热连轧生产过程.同时,为避免标准BP (Back propagation)算法陷入局部极值点,采用了遗传算法对神经网络权值和阈值进行全局预处理,再利用标准BP算法进行训练,使两者优缺点相互补偿,从而得到全局最优解.最后,利用某钢铁企业的热轧产品实际生产数据对模型进行测试,预测结果满足偏差要求,且与经典BP神经网络及径向基函数神经网络相比较,具有更高的精度和稳定性.     

热轧带钢层流冷却系统温度的建模与仿真

针对于传统的热轧带钢生产线层流冷却卷取温度控制精度不高的缺点,以热轧带钢层流冷却控制系统为研究对象,对其温度进行建模与仿真.基于现有模型通过修正黑度系数来考虑带钢厚度方向上的热传导,采用有限差分法来建立带钢厚度方向温降一维模型.通过实际生产数据对模型中的部分参数进行修正,使模型更加符合实际生产要求.在得到层流冷却生产过程中热轧带钢温度变化和温度场分布的基础上,又模拟仿真得出带钢总体卷取温度曲线.将所搭建的模型应用于模拟实际生产过程,通过实际数据计算出的结果与实际测量值相比较,其偏差值在±10℃范围之内.因此所建模型能够满足实际生产精度控制要求.     

短流程中小型钢铁企业生产调度优化

针对钢铁生产调度计划问题,研究并提出了短流程中小型钢铁企业生产调度计划的一种有效算法.短流程钢铁企业主要有炼钢(电炉)、连铸和热轧三个生产工序,中间在制品在线存储能力非常有限,三个工序的生产同步性为协调生产计划时的关键考虑因素.且每个生产过程必须批量运行.生产调度计划一般由分组和排序两部分组成,各工序有各自的判断准则,有时这些准则相互冲突.针对这些问题提出了一种有效的启发式算法,并由真实数据进行验算,结果表明算法合理有效.能够满足实际生产需要.     

基于混合遗传算法的热轧生产调度优化方法

热轧生产调度是一个复杂的约束组合优化问题,其生产约束包括连续轧制板坯的宽度、厚度和硬度跳变要求,轧制单元的最大长度,产品库存及交货期等.基于多旅行商模型,建立了热轧生产批量调度问题的优化模型,并提出一种混合遗传算法(遗传算法、局部搜索)求解该问题.通过应用串行边重组和并行边重组的遗传交叉算子,算法在优化过程中可以很好地处理调度约束.针对工业数据的仿真结果证明该调度模型和混合遗传算法的并行求解策略可以有效地解决热轧生产批量调度问题.     

热轧成品质量检测专家系统

针对传统专家系统的知识获取存在“瓶颈”以及传统热轧成品质量检测过程过于复杂的问题,提出了基于复二次函数的RBF神经网络和四组神经网络相结合的热轧成品质量检测专家系统.根据钢铁企业生产的特点,通过对四组神经网络的子判断结果进行综合判定得出输出结果.试验结果验证了该系统应用于热轧成品质量检测工作的便捷性及可行性,简化了传统质量检测过程的冗余步骤,提高了热轧质量检测工作的自动化程度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。