“树脂吸附法”回收镓的目的及其试验研究结果

详细分析了用现行方法从氧化铝生产中回收镓的缺点，叙述了为克服这些缺点而提出的几种改良方法。通过具体试验数据，论述了采用国产树脂，从氧化铝生产中回收镓的“树脂吸附法”新工艺。在试验研究的基础上，设计提出了“树脂吸附法”回收镓的工艺流程。     

离子交换法回收镓工艺中螯合树脂的研究

研究了工业酰胺肟树脂ES-346从拜耳法溶液中提取镓。这种树脂对镓的交换能力,选择性及动力学颇为适宜,其长期使用的关键问题在于酰胺基在酸性介质中的退化及钒的积累,文中讨论了解决这些问题的可能途径。     

N503萃淋树脂吸附镓的研究

研究了Ｎ５０３（Ｎ，Ｎ－二仲辛基乙酰胺）萃淋树脂在ＨＣｌ体系中对镓的吸附性能。测定了树脂对镓的吸附速率和吸附等温线，发现树脂吸附镓按假一级反应进行，并符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式。根据吸附平衡和红外光谱的研究发现，Ｎ５０３萃淋树脂吸附镓的反应按下式进行：     

一种高效的由碱性铝母液中溶剂萃取提镓的方法

本文综述了7-取代8-羟基喹啉为萃取剂的有机相由拜耳法生产三氧化二铝的碱性铝母液中萃取提镓方法,分析和讨论了萃取提镓的工艺和工程问题。该法具有各类消耗指标低、镓资源利用充分、工艺简单、操作稳定和投资省、见效快的优点,是当前最有效的分离镓的方法。该工艺经进一步研究完善后,可直接用于镓的工业生产。     

高铝粉煤灰生产氧化铝过程中镓提取工艺研究

鉴于粉煤灰潜在的应用价值,粉煤灰循环再利用为兼顾经济和环保效益提供了绝佳的机会。本文全面的阐述了从预脱硅碱石灰烧结法生产氧化铝过程中提取镓的生产工艺。采用螯合离子交换树脂从铝浓度较高的种分母液中选择性分离低含量的镓,并对吸附数据进行了玻尔兹曼分布拟合及分析。文中还对工艺中孔蚀问题和玻璃鳞片的防腐性能进行了研究。     

铝-镓合金的生产工艺

氢气是干净的新能源,铝和水反应制取氢的成本低廉.但是,铝和水反应制取氢的过程中,反应生成物Al2O3在铝表面形成致密的保护膜,使反应不能持续进行.镓可以破坏铝表面的保护膜,使铝和水制取氢反应得以持续进行.镓分两次和铝熔体混合,制成铝-镓合金.     

离子交换树脂法吸附、解吸钯工艺研究

用9335型阴离子交换树脂吸附经王水溶解的含钯物料,可以选择性吸附钯,铜、镍等杂质不被吸附。用8%氨水、40 g/L氯化铵解吸,98%以上的钯被解吸。吸附操作简单,解吸后的树脂可重复使用。     

镓中间层1420铝锂合金扩散连接界面组织与性能

采用机械加压的方法,在大气环境下开展镓中间层1420铝锂合金扩散连接试验;通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和剪切强度试验等方法,研究了温度、压力、时间3个参数对界面组织和接头性能的影响规律。结果表明,温度越高,压力越大,时间越长,形成的界面组织越好,接头性能越高,且接头剪切断口形貌表现为越来越多的撕裂带,其规律与普通扩散连接相同。当温度520℃、压力11MPa、时间1h时,接头剪切强度达到81.6MPa。随着温度的增加和时间的延长,在界面附近形成了越来越宽的镓分布层,表明中间层镓沿晶界向母材的扩散距离越来越大,反映出原子扩散进行的越来越充分。但压力对此影响不大。     

Ultrasonic solvent extraction of gallium with Kelex 100

Using ultrasound for the solvent extraction of gallium with Kelex 100 dramatically increased the rates (up to 15 times) of extraction in both artificial and real solutions. Among the modifiers, 2-undecanone performed the best; among the diluents, Escaid 200 produced the best results. With the application of ultrasound, temperature did not effect gallium extraction. Further, through the intermittent use of ultrasound, energy consumption can be decreased significantly.     

黄磷电炉电尘浆提取镓的预处理

根据在电炉还原炼磷过程中,磷灰石中的镓在电尘浆中高度富集,成为可供利用的镓资源,提出了一种提取镓的预处理技术:用浓硫酸熟化电尘,将其中的镓先转化成水溶性化合物,再从预处理物料中浸出镓.考察了预处理过程中电尘的化学和矿物学变化以及影响镓提取率的因素,并给出了适宜的预处理条件;在最佳质量比电尘:水:硫酸=1:1:1,200℃下熟化2 h.实验结果表明,在优化条件下将预处理的电尘在80℃浸出1 h,镓的浸出率可达90%以上.     

Recovering gallium from residual bayer process liquor

Gallium is normally obtained by direct electrolysis as a by-product from Bayer process residual liquor at an aluminum processing plant. However, to permit any net accumulation of the metal, the gallium concentration must be at least about 0.3 g/l in the liquor. This article describes a continuous process of extraction with organic solvents and rhodamine-B, followed by a re-extraction step into aqueous media. The final product is a solid containing up to 18 wt.% Ga in a solid mixture of hydroxides and oxides of gallium and aluminum. This final product can then be electrolyzed to recover the gallium more efficiently.     

Preparation of single-phase ammonium dimolybdate by combination process

A novel method for the preparation of single-phase ammonium dimolybdate with industrial ammonium molybdate was studied.Various influential factors were evaluated in the paper,including reaction temperature,reaction time,initial molybdenum concentration,initial NH3/Mo molar ratio,and stirring speed.Under the optimum experimental conditions,the crystallization rate of product is 85.23％.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and chemical analysis show that the product is single-phase ammonium dimolybdate,and no impurity phases exist.The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) image reveals uniform particle size,good particle dispersion,and no agglomeration between particles.Meanwhile,the final pH value of acidification was investigated.The total molybdenum recovery can reach up to 99.40％,and the main phases of acidification product are the same as those of raw material with the final pH value of 1.5.This determines that the acidification product can be used as a raw material to produce single-phase ammonium dimolybdate.     

非有机溶剂萃取光度法测定铝酸钠溶液中的镓的方法研究

本文研究了在聚乙二醇 -锌试剂 -硫酸铵体系中非有机溶剂萃取光度法测定Ga的条件 ,其原理是 :PH4.5～5 .5时三价镓在聚乙二醇 -锌试剂 -硫酸铵体系中生成了稳定的络合物 ,其最大吸收波长为 63 0nm ,RSD <3 .60 % ,回收率为 96.7%。由于采用聚乙二醇的水溶液取代传统方法中的苯 -乙酸乙酯作萃取剂 ,避免对人体的毒害性和对环境的污染。该方法具有准确、快速、操作简便、不挥发无毒等特点     

NiTi基形状记忆合金管材组合温拔工艺及组织性能分析研究

NiTi基记忆合金管材在紧固件、连接件和医疗等领域都有广泛的用涂.NiTi基记忆合金无缝管材是一种难加工型材.采用多道次冷轧加中间真空退火工艺生产成本较高.通过热加工工艺生产NiTi基记忆合金管材国际上只有少数几个国家技术过关.为深入研究其变形规律,在我国实现产业化,借助有限元模拟设计了模具、工装和拔制工艺.通过套拉开坯或机械加工管坯和金属芯棒,采用石墨润滑,在60T万能拉压实验机上对碳钢和NiTi形状记忆合金两对组合体进行400～700℃不同温度、10～15%不同到次延伸率、芯棒与管坯间不同间隙和不同长度下的温拔试验.然后加热塑性拉伸金属芯棒,使其减径并从管中取出,芯棒材料与管坯为同一种材料.温拔由一步完成或两步或多步完成,每步温拔之间不做任何处理,每步温拔芯棒要充分地改变,然后进一步延伸.成功地拔制出了表面和内部质量良好的科4mm管材.结果表明该工艺可用于NiTi基记忆合金材加工,也可供成型其他难加工管材参考.为与套拉后制件的组织性能对比研究提供素材,套拉前对管坯组织性能进行了分析.     

烧结法粗液与拜耳法溶出矿浆部分合流技术工业应用的研究

本文针对长铝公司氧化铝厂的工艺流程、设备配制 ,以及今后烧结法工艺的发展趋势 ,结合长铝公司研究所对烧结法粗液与拜耳法溶出矿浆部分合流的研究数据 ,通过计算与现场观测 ,提出了经济可行的工业应用方案 ,并对合流后的生产参数变化及经济效益做了相应的预测     

Electrochemical process of titanium extraction

A wide variety of processes are being pursued by researchers for cost effective extraction of titanium metal. Electrochemical processes are promising due to simplicity and being less capital intensive. Some of the promising electrochemical processes of titanium extraction were reviewed and the results of laboratory scale experiments on electrochemical reduction of TiO2 granules were brought out. Some of the kinetic parameters of the reduction process were discussed while presenting the quality improvements achieved in the experimentation.     

Aluminium activation produced by gallium

The electrochemical behaviour of pure aluminium in the presence of gallium ions or in direct contact with gallium, in chloride, acetic acid solutions or distilled water is reported. The enhance activity of aluminium is described and discussed. Two active regions were observed, one at approximately −1.5 V and the second at near −1.1 V.Two activation mechanisms are proposed. One where a critical surface concentration of liquid gallium is achieved, a Ga-Al amalgam is responsible for the activation process (−1.5 V) and a uniform attack morphology is observed. This process is favoured by the exothermic Al ion hydrolysis reaction and hindered by Ga losses at the active interface. And a second at higher anodic potentials (near −1.1 V), and in chloride containing media, where the presence of solid Ga (saturated amalgam) at the interface facilitates a chloride adsorption process which depolarised the anodic reaction, and produced localised attack.     

石煤湿法强化提钒新工艺

分别考察石煤常压氧化酸浸和加压氧化酸浸过程中的钒浸取率.结果表明:采用石煤加压氧化酸浸强化提钒新工艺钒浸出率接近90%,比传统工艺提高15%以上,比现有常压浸出工艺的钒浸出率提高20%,特别是当加入催化剂R时,加压氧化酸浸工艺的优势更为突出.提出石煤加压氧化酸浸新工艺的较佳工艺条件:硫酸酸度约为250 g/L,时间约为4 h,加压釜内压强约为1.2 MPa, 浸出温度为100～120 ℃,催化剂R的用量约为石煤矿量的2.5%.