一种适用于移动传感器网络的增强型蒙特卡罗定位跟踪算法

该文提出一种在低锚节点密度的移动传感器网络中实现定位跟踪的方法。利用受控的洪泛方式提高锚节点利用效率,采用遗传交叉操作加快预测阶段的抽样,采用插值方法对节点运动速度及方向进行预测,利用位置估计精度优于自身的1跳邻居节点的信息强化滤波条件。仿真实验结果表明,该文算法与传统算法相比加快了收敛速度,提高了定位精度,改善了在低锚节点密度时的性能。     

无线传感器网络一种改进的convex定位算法

以convex(凸规划)定位算法为基础,针对range-free定位算法中anchor(已知节点)比例低带来的定位精度低、网络覆盖率低的问题,提出了二跳信息改进定位算法。该算法中,未知节点在通信中加入自身邻居anchor的ID和位置信息并发送给邻居节点,相应的邻居节点从中确定自己的二跳邻居anchor,并利用二跳邻居anchor的二跳通信范围来减小未知节点的可能存在区域,进而提高未知节点的定位精度。仿真表明,二跳信息改进定位算法在anchor节点比例较低情况下能有效提高定位精度,而在anchor节点比例较高时接近原convex算法定位精度,并且网络规模越大这种提高越显著。     

改进的无线传感器网络DV-Distance定位算法

针对DV-Distance定位算法受网络拓扑结构和环境噪声影响大等问题,从2个方面对算法进行了改进。改进的DV-Distance算法在原算法基础上,通过设定共线度阈值来优化多跳网络中定位锚节点分组的选择,使其能更好的适应低密度、不规则网络,并利用最小二乘算法与泰勒级数展开法相结合方法来估计最终位置,从而提高算法的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,改进算法与原算法相比,具有更高的定位精度,并且在锚节点数量比较小和节点密度低情况下,仍具有较好的定位性能。     

改进的DV-HOP无线传感器网络定位算法

为了提高无需测距的距离矢量（DV-Hop）定位算法对随机分布网络节点的定位精度。在分析了DV-Hop算法实现思想的基础上,提出了一种锚节点整体均匀分布优化方案,对该算法节点跳数进行优化。另一方面,在双通信半径算法基础上提出了一种三通信半径改进方法,使得两节点之间的跳数与距离的关系更接近线性规律,最后结合两种改进方法,进行整体仿真。仿真结果表明,锚节点均匀分布的三通信半径DV-Hop算法比双通信半径DV-Hop算法提高定位精度约为7%~8%。     

移动无线传感器网络节点的定位

文中在MCB（Monte—Carlo Localization Boxed）定位算法的基础上提出了一种新的移动无线传感器网络（Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks）节点的定位算法——权重MCB算法。MCB算法在定位过程中,在采样和滤波阶段用到了一阶锚节点和二阶锚节点的位置信息,而没有应用到邻居节点的位置信息。权重MCB在定位过程中不仅用到了一阶锚节点和二阶锚节点的位置信息,还应用到了一阶邻居节点的采样集合里的采样点（即一阶邻居节点的估计位置）,从而改进了定位精度。对比MCB算法,权重MCB算法对定位精度的改进为13％～18％。     

一种基于加权处理的无线传感器网络平均跳距离估计算法

定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,传统DV-Hop定位算法只考虑了最近一个锚节点估计的平均跳距离值,而单个锚节点估计的平均跳距离值无法准确地反映网络的实际平均跳距离。本文提出了一种基于加权处理的平均跳距离估计算法,考虑多个锚节点估计的平均跳距离值,根据距离未知节点的跳数进行加权,使网络平均跳距离的估计更加准确,从而提高定位精度。仿真结果表明,与DV-Hop算法的平均跳距离估计算法相比,本文算法更准确地估计平均跳距离,降低了均方根误差,并提高了定位精度。     

基于跳距修正粒子群优化的WSN定位算法

针对DV-Hop算法在节点随机分布的网络拓扑环境中存在较大误差的问题,提出了一种基于跳距修正粒子群优化的定位算法WPDV-Hop(weight PSO DV-Hop)。本算法通过对锚节点广播的数据分组结构进行了改进,对参考锚节点的平均每跳距离的误差进行加权处理以及用改进的粒子群(PSO)算法对定位中的迭代过程进行优化,实现WPDV-Hop定位算法的全面改进,以提高定位精度。仿真结果表明,改进的算法与原始算法相比,定位精度和算法的稳定性有明显提高。     

基于局部线性嵌入优化的节点定位的研究

接收信号强度指标可以低成本条件获取节点间距离的粗糙测量值。从噪声的RSSI测距值中获取节点的精确位置是必要的。为此,提出基于局部线性嵌入优化的定位算法(ILLE)。ILLE算法将锚节点周围的一跳邻居节点构成一个参考结构,然后迭代方式将此结构扩展,进而估计其他节点的位置。实验数据表明,与集中LLE算法相比,提出的ILLE算法的定位精度提高了约12.36%。     

一种基于蒙特卡洛的移动传感网节点定位的优化算法

在无线传感网中,针对蒙特卡洛移动节点定位算法中通信半径无法确定这一缺陷,本文提出了一种结合跳／距转换模型的蒙特卡洛定位改进算法。该算法首先利用实际中测得节点间的跳数信息得到节点的预估计坐标,进而精化出一个环形采样区域,提高了采样效率。仿真结果表明,优化之后的算法能够显著地减少定位采样次数,能够有效提高定位的准确性,并且能改善网络中低锚节点密度时的性能。     

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位算法的改进

无线传感器网络中基于无需测距的节点定位算法定位精度不高,一般应用在粗精度定位中。为了提高基于无需测距的DV-Hop算法定位精度,利用最小均方差准则改进算法,通过修改指数值精化平均每一跳距离,提出不同通信半径、不同锚节点覆盖率下的最佳指数值概念,并应用在一种锚节点均匀分布环境中,进一步提高定位精度。MTLAB仿真结果表明,在最佳指数值下,改进的算法在不同锚节点覆盖率、不同通信半径下能提高定位精度,同时不会增加节点能量消耗与硬件成本。     

系数矩阵正定的单信标测距定位算法

基于单信标测距的定位方法是水声定位技术的进一步发展,该文对直线航迹下的单信标测距定位进行研究。一方面,对于直线航迹,常规的直接降阶求解的算法已不适用。另一方面,水下载体的直线航迹或者直线航迹的延长线经过信标时,线性化迭代求解的算法不能够对载体进行定位。系数矩阵几乎奇异或者坏条件时,方程的解算结果误差会明显增大。该文针对前述解算方法存在的问题,提出一种改进的单信标测距定位解算方法,适当增加对角元使得系数矩阵正定,克服系数矩阵奇异或者坏条件时所带来的影响。仿真结果表明：该文算法大部分的情况下定位精度和高斯牛顿法一样;水下载体的直线航迹或者直线航迹的延长线经过信标时,该文算法同样能够实现定位解算;在线性化迭代的低精度区,该文算法能非常明显地提高定位精度。通过海上试验,进一步验证了该文算法的有效性。     

传感网络中基于移动信标的网格扫描定位算法

节点定位是传感网络最基本的技术之一,对此提出一种基于移动信标的网格扫描定位算法(Mobile Beacon Grid-Scan,MBGS)。该算法在网格扫描定位算法基础上,利用一个移动信标巡航整个传感区域,产生大量的虚拟信标,提高网络信标覆盖率,然后普通节点利用这些信标信息减小其可能区域(Estimative Rectangle,ER),并把新可能区域网格坐标质心作为其最新估计坐标。仿真结果表明,与Bounding Box、质心定位算法以及传统的网格扫描定位算法相比,MBGS定位方法的定位精度更高,算法性能更加稳定。     

A chaos particle swarm optimization ranging correction location in complex environment

In complex environment, issues such as reflection, multipath propagation, non-line of sight and antenna gain, etc. would result in significant propagation losses as for the same distance. In order to effectively reduce ranging error and location error caused by received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurement distance, a location algorithm based on chaos particle swarm optimization ranging (CPSOR) is proposed for indoor location and navigation applications. By setting reference beacon nodes within location region, the relationship between distance and RSSI which is measured from target node to each beacon node is automatically corrected, and RSSI ranging error is effectively reduced, thus the objective of improving location accuracy is achieved. Numerical results show that the processing time of CPSOR location algorithm is reduced by 62% and the location accuracy of CPSOR is improved by 72% in contrast that of back propagation (BP) neural network location algorithm. Besides, practicality experiment results show that when the distance between beacon nodes is 50 m, the average location error of CPSOR location algorithm is 1.21 m and the location error of BP location algorithm is 3.36 m, thus the location accuracy is improved by 63%.     

无人机辅助的基于前馈神经网络的节点定位算法

针对无线传感网络(WSNs)的节点定位问题,提出无人机辅助的基于前馈神经网络的节点定位(UAV-NN)算法。UAV-NN算法利用无人机(UAV)作为锚节点,并由UAV周期地发射beacon信号,利用极端学习机(LEM)训练单隐藏前向反馈的神经网络(SLFN),未知节点接收来自UAV发射的beacon信号,并记录其接收信号强度指示(RSSI),已训练的SLFN再依据RSSI值估计节点位置。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的基于RSSI定位算法,提出的UAV-NN算法无需部署地面锚节点;相比其他传统的机器学习算法,UAV-NN算法通过引用ELM,减少了定位误差。     

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位方法的一种改进策略

原DV-Hop(Distance Vector-Hop)方法的定位步骤可归纳为两步：距离估计与位置计算。其中,距离估计精度对网络拓扑敏感,而位置计算算法对距离估计精度敏感,从而导致方法整体对多样性网络拓扑分布的鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题进行分析与改进,在距离估计阶段提出基于1跳内最近邻信标与其余信标的跳数连接关系独立确定未知节点与各信标间平均跳距的策略,以此改善未知节点与信标之间的距离估计误差;在位置计算阶段提出在原有Lateration算法的基础上增加牛顿迭代法优化步骤,以此提高定位精度。实验结果表明,在相同的网络条件下,与原DV-Hop方法和其他典型改进方法相比,改进策略首先在距离估计阶段提高了距离估计精度,进而在位置计算阶段提高了对距离估计误差的鲁棒性,从而整体上可有效提高全网未知节点的定位精度。     

多基站GPS差分定位在航标遥测遥控中应用

为了提高航标遥测遥控系统中GPS单频伪距定位精度,提出多基站GPS差分伪距定位方法。该方法以单基站定位为基础,先通过单基站伪距改正数消除对流层、电离层的影响,再根据基站与测量站之间的距离关系建立基于距离的线性内插模型,从而得到综合改正数。利用综合改正数修正测量站的数据,提高了定位精度。实验结果表明,此方法能够有效地减少基站与测量站之间距离带来的误差,大大提高了航标遥测遥控的定位精度。     

一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法

针对Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) 定位算法存在较大定位误差的问题,该文提出了一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法,即WSGDV-Hop定位算法。改进算法用基于误差与距离的权值处理锚节点的平均每跳距离;根据判断的位置关系选择适合的跳段距离计算方法;用改进的遗传算法优化未知节点坐标。仿真结果表明,WSGDV-Hop定位算法的性能明显优于Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) 定位算法,减小了节点定位误差、提高了算法定位精度。     

Localization under anchor node uncertainty for underwater acoustic sensor networks

This paper deals with the problem of sensor node localization in the presence of uncertainty in anchor node location. Aqueous environments are prone to adverse effects of underwater currents. This adversity causes non‐negligible mobility to the anchor nodes deployed under water. Localization in the presence of uncertainty in the anchor node location is quite challenging. Also, the authors consider the ray‐bending property of underwater medium due to depth dependent sound speed, to furnish the accurate position estimate of the target node. Standard ray equations are used to model the path followed by acoustic rays in water. Maximum likelihood estimation is proposed to estimate the location of target node with uncertainty in anchor node positions and is compared with the scheme with exact knowledge of anchor node positions, and the results are reported. Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. Also, the Cramer‐Rao lower bound with uncertainty in anchor nodes is derived and described. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm outperform the existing algorithm with known anchor location by up to 49.4%, and hence, accuracy is improved in the proposed method.     

A distributed range-free correction vector based localization refinement algorithm

Localization problem is an important and challenging topic in today’s wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a novel localization refinement algorithm for LAEP, which is a range-free localization algorithm by using expected hop progress, has been put forward. The proposed localization refinement algorithm, called as CVLR, is based on position correction vectors and can resolve the LAEP’s hop-distance ambiguity problem, which can lead to adjacent unknown nodes localized at the same or very close positions. CVLR can make full use of the relative position relationship of 1-hop neighboring nodes (called as CVLR1), or 1-hop and 2-hop neighboring nodes (called as CVLR2), to iteratively refine their localization positions. Furthermore, from localization accuracy and energy dissipation perspective, we optimize the communication process of CVLR2 and propose an energy-efficient improved CVLR. Simulation results show that the localization accuracy of CVLR1, CVLR2, and the improved CVLR are obviously higher than that of LAEP and DV-RND.     

An Advanced DV-Hop Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In emerging sensor network applications, localization in wireless sensor network is a recent area of research. Requirement of its applications and availability of resources need feasible localization algorithm with lower cost and higher accuracy. In this paper, we propose an Advanced DV-Hop localization algorithm that reduces the localization error without requiring additional hardware and computational costs. The proposed algorithm uses the hop-size of the anchor (which knows its location) node, from which unknown node measures the distance. In the third step of Advanced DV-Hop algorithm, inherent error in the estimated distance between anchor and unknown node is reduced. To improve the localization accuracy, we use weighted least square algorithm. Furthermore, location of unknown nodes is refined by using extraneous information obtained by solving the equations. By mathematical analysis, we prove that Advanced DV-Hop algorithm has lesser correction factor in the distance between anchor and the unknown node compared with DV-Hop algorithm, improved DV-Hop algorithm (Chen et al. 2008) and improved DV-Hop algorithm (Chen et al. in IEICE Trans Fundam E91-A(8), 2008), which is cause of better location accuracy. Simulation results show that the performance of our proposed algorithm is superior to DV-Hop algorithm and improved DV-Hop algorithms in all considered scenarios.