Effects of Ti/TiN multilayer on corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva

The effects of multilayered Ti/TiN or single-layered TiN films deposited by pulse-biased arc ion plating (PBAIP) on the corrosion behavior of NiTi orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva are investigated. The multilayered Ti/TiN coating is found to exhibit a greater free corrosion potential, much lower passive current density, and no breakdown up to 1.5 V. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the multilayered Ti/TiN coating has a larger impedance and lower porosity which is believed to be responsible for the exceedingly low metal ion release rate during 720 h exposure in the test solution. Visual inspection of the surfaces reveals different corrosion processes for the TiN and multilayered Ti/TiN coatings.     

The corrosion behaviour of austenitic and duplex stainless steels in artificial saliva with the addition of fluoride

The evolution of the passive films on 2205 duplex stainless steel (2205 DSS) and AISI 316L stainless steel in artificial saliva, and with the addition of fluoride, was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic measurements. The extent of the passive range increased for the 2205 DSS compared to the AISI 316L in both solutions. The formation of the passive film was studied by EIS at the open-circuit potential (OCP). The passive layers were studied at the OCP by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The passive films on both materials predominantly contained Cr-oxides, whereas the Fe species were markedly depleted.     

Electrochemical characteristics of titanium based biomaterials in artificial saliva

In the last decade, new titanium alloys have been developed in different areas of dentistry, such as Ti6Al7Nb, Ti6Al2Nb1Ta1Nb, and Ti5Al2.5Fe. The aim of this study was to compare the Ti6Al7Nb, Ti6Al2Nb1Ta1Nb, Ti5Al2.5Fe, and Ti6Al4V alloys with the commercial titanium, regarding the corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. In the electrochemical estimations the polarization data are converted into instantaneous corrosion rate values (I_corr). The passivation properties were comparable for the four alloys. The EIS spectra are best fitted using an equivalent circuit (EC), which corresponds to the model of a two‐layer structure for the passive film. High impedance values (in the order of 10⁶ Ω cm²) were obtained from medium to low frequencies for all materials suggesting high corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. The electrochemical and corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V is not affected on substituting vanadium with niobium, iron, molybdenum, and tantalum.     

固溶处理和人工时效对Al-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

对Al-Cu合金进行析出强化和人工时效处理以获得优异的力学性能,如高的强度、好的韧性。其热处理工艺条件为:510～530℃固溶处理2h;60℃水淬;160～190℃人工时效2～8h。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和拉伸实验对经固溶和人工时效处理的Al-Cu合金的组织和力学性能进行表征。固溶处理实验结果表明,Al-Cu合金的力学性能随着固溶处理温度的升高先增加,然后降低。这是由于Al-Cu合金的残余相逐渐溶解进入基体中,从而导致析出相的数量和再结晶晶粒尺寸不断增加。相较于固溶处理温度,固溶处理时间对Al-Cu合金的影响较小。人工时效处理实验结果表明,合金经180℃时效8h,可以获得最大的拉伸强度。合金的最大拉伸强度和屈服强度随着时效时间的延长和温度的升高而升高。     

增加除尘器过滤面积对铝电解生产中氟化盐单耗的影响

电解烟气净化系统的过滤风速对整个净化系统的正常运行有着重大影响。根据中铝连城分公司200kA烟气净化系统改造运行情况,结合电解生产工艺技术条件分析,通过采取增加除尘器过滤面积、降低系统过滤风速、增加电解槽烟管出口压力、提高集气效果等,降低了氟化盐单耗。     

Effect of N-ion implantation and diamond-like carbon coating on fretting wear behaviors of Ti6Al7Nb in artificial saliva

The tribology behaviors of Ti6Al7Nb, its alloy with N-ion implantation, and its alloy with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating were investigated in artificial saliva. Fretting wear tests of untreated, N-ion implanted and DLC coated Ti6Al7Nb alloys plate against a Si₃N₄ ball were carried out on a reciprocating sliding fretting wear test rig. Based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, 3-D profiler, SEM morphologies and frictional kinetics behavior analysis, the damage behavior of surface modification layer was discussed in detail. The results indicated that the fretting wear behavior of Ti6Al7Nb alloy with N-ion implantation was increased with the dose increase of the implanted nitrogen ions. Moreover, the DLC-coated Ti6Al7Nb alloy with low ion implantation could improve the fretting wear behavior greatly. In addition, the Ti6Al7Nb with DLC coating had better corrosion resistance due to the special compact structure. All results suggested that the Ti6Al7Nb with DLC coating had better wear resistance than that with N-ion implantation in artificial saliva.     

Influence of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V and Ti‐23Ta alloys in artificial saliva

Titanium alloys exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance in most aqueous media due to the formation of a stable oxide film and some of these alloys (particularly Ti‐6Al‐4V) were chosen for surgical and odontological implants for this resistance and their biocompatibility. Treatments with fluorides (F^?) are known as the main method to prevent plaque formation and dental caries. Toothpastes, mouthwashes and prophylactic gels can contain from 200 to 20 000 ppm F^? and can present neutral to acidic character, which can affect the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys devices present in the oral cavity. In this work, the behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V and the new experimental Ti‐23Ta has been evaluated in artificial saliva of pH 2, 5 and 7 and different F^? concentrations (0, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 ppm), through open‐circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A defined correlation between pH and F^? concentration settled the active or passive character of the materials. For both alloys, an active behavior was observed for pH 2 and 1000 to 10 000 ppm F^? and for pH 5 and 5000 and 10 000 ppm F^?. The passive behavior was observed for the other investigated conditions. The F^? concentration increase and pH decrease reduced the corrosion resistance of the alloys and decreased the stability of their passive film. The corrosion behavior of both alloys was very similar, but the Ti‐23Ta alloy generally presented slightly higher corrosion resistance.     

锡对烧结钕铁硼合金热处理行为的影响

研究了Sn，Al，Dy等元素对烧结钕铁硼合金热处理行为的影响。发现Dy和Al的影响很小，含Dy和Al的钕铁硼合金，其热处理行为与三元钕铁硼类似；而Sn对该合金的热处理行为有重大影响。添加少量Sn(约0.1%)就能使合金热处理温度范围变宽，且获得最佳性能的热处理温度移向高温。但是含Sn合金在525～625?℃回火，矫顽力反而比回火前低。X射线衍射发现，这样的合金有明显的α-Fe衍射峰出现。实验表明，仅用晶粒表面光滑化不足以解释合金的热处理行为，还应考虑亚稳相转变对热处理行为的影响。在优化热处理工艺条件下，制得(BH)max=223.7kJ/m3,Hci＞2.11MA/m的Nd27Dy6Fe65.35Al0.4B1.1Sn0.15合金。     

时效处理对钛镍合金丝材超弹性的影响

通过差示扫描量热法测试和拉伸测试等手段,研究了时效处理对钛镍形状记忆合金丝材超弹性的影响。研究结果表明,在400℃、450℃和500 ℃时效,随时效时间延长,合金的超弹性下降,短时时效易获得良好的超弹性;随时效温度升高,合金的超弹性下降,低温时效易获得良好的超弹性。在400℃、450℃和500 ℃时效,随时效时间延长,马氏体-奥氏体逆相变终了温度Af点逐渐升高,R′相相变峰值温度R′p和M相逆相变峰值温度Ap点升高,R相变吸热峰面积逐渐减小。随时效温度升高,马氏体逆相变终了温度Af点降低,R′相相变峰值温度R′p点升高,R相变吸热峰和M相逆相变趋于合并,R相吸热变峰面积增加。     

硅元素对钽丝再结晶行为的影响

采用显微硬度测量、取向分布函数 (ODF)分析及显微组织观察 ,研究了在不同退火温度以及掺硅与未掺硅条件下钽丝的再结晶行为。研究发现 :在 136 0℃退火时掺硅对钽丝的再结晶有阻碍作用 ,晶粒变细 ,丝织构主要由 { 110 }〈0 0 1〉组成 ;当退火温度升高至 15 0 0℃时 ,{ 12 0 }〈0 0 1〉再结晶织构消失 ,在未掺硅钽丝中发现了新的 { 4 41}〈110〉织构组分 ,与初次再结晶织构组分 { 12 0 }〈0 0 1〉之间存在一个近似于 84°〈110〉的转动关系 ,此时 ,掺入硅元素反而促进了再结晶的发展 ,晶粒变得粗大且不均匀。这种现象可以用硅化物的形成与溶解来解释。     

人工智能在冷轧带肋钢筋工艺参数优化中的应用

论述了人工智能在冷轧带肋钢筋工艺参数优化中的应用,首先利用神经网络建立起冷轧带肋钢筋工艺参数与产品抗拉强度之间关系的数学模型,然后用遗传算法对工艺参数优化。按优化后的工艺参数在某拉丝加工厂进行了大批量生产试验,产品的合格率达到98%以上,从而为控制冷轧带肋钢筋工艺参数提供了一条行之有效的途径。     

双丝夹角对双丝间接电弧特性的影响

建立了双丝间接电弧的三维有限元数学模型,分析了不同双丝夹角对双丝间接电弧特性的影响.利用高速摄像机拍摄电弧图片与计算结果对比,以验证计算结果的准确性.结果表明,双丝间接电弧的温度、速度和电流密度等电弧参数在阴极区和阳极区较高,在弧柱区较低,弧柱区下端最低;随着双丝夹角的增加,双丝间接电弧的温度、速度、电流密度在阴极区、阳极区以及弧柱区上端增加,在弧柱区下端下降;上述电弧参数的变化率在阴极区和阳极区大于弧柱区,阳极区大于阴极区,弧柱区上端大于弧柱区下端;双丝间接电弧的偏转程度随着双丝夹角的增加而增加.     

纯钛和钛合金在人工唾液中的复合微动磨损行为(英文)

在改进后的液压伺服双向微动磨损试验机上实现双向微动。在人工唾液环境中,对TA2纯钛和Ti6Al7Nb合金在6 mm/min的加载速度下以不同接触倾角(45°和60°)和不同最大外加载荷(200~400 N)条件下进行复合微动磨损实验。详细研究循环垂向力和倾斜角的影响。结合动力学分析与微观检测结果显示:磨痕和塑性变形累积呈现强烈的非对称性。在人工唾液环境中和相同实验参数下,Ti6Al7Nb合金比TA2纯钛具有更好的抗磨损性能,并随着倾斜角度的增加和外加载荷的降低,磨损相应减轻。TA2纯钛和Ti6Al7Nb合金在人工唾液环境中的复合微动磨损机制是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层。     

基于人工神经网络冷轧带肋钢筋轧制工艺的优化设计

用人工神经网络的计算机辅助技术模拟冷轧带肋钢筋生产工艺的产品性能与工艺参数之间的非线性非显式多目标多变量的映射关系,从而找出其最佳的工艺方案和产品性能,获得满意的产品质量。     

Corrosion action and passivation mechanism of magnesium alloy in fluoride solution

Corrosion action and passive mechanism of magnesium alloy in the fluoride solution were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and electrochemistry methods. The results show that an insoluble MgF2 film is generated on the surface of magnesium alloy activated in the hydrofluoric acid. And the mass of the deposited MgF2 film may reach a constant value, when the mass ratio of Mg/F on the magnesium alloy surface is fixed at 11.3-1. The activated magnesium alloy gains a 'passivation state' in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid at a volume ratio of less than 1.2. At the same time the mass of magnesium alloy is maintained as a function of the time. When the ratio is above 1.4, the mass of magnesium alloy rapidly decreases. The passive film formed through adsorption of HF2- (or H2F3-, H3F4-) ions by the deposited MgF2 film can protect the magnesium alloy from corrosion in fluoride solution, but not in non-fluoride solutions. The passive state is maintained for activated magnesium alloy in an acidic sulfuric nickel solution with added fluoride. If fluoride and carbonate are added to the acidic sulfuric nickel solution, a replacement reaction between magnesium alloy and solution takes place.     

热处理工艺对钢丝的组织及力学性能的影响

对直径ф3.2 mm的半成品钢丝采用重新奥氏体化后研究在不同风冷条件下力学性能的变化,探索了奥氏体化温度及风冷速度对70钢丝性能的影响关系.结果表明,随着保温温度增加钢丝的伸长率和断面收缩率随之下降;在相同奥氏体化温度下随冷却速度的加快,钢丝抗拉强度呈上升趋势,伸长率和断面收缩率没明显变化.钢丝在790℃奥氏体化,风冷时风机频率控制在50 Hz时可获得接近铅浴处理的力学性能.