2.62GHz非对称Doherty功率放大器的优化设计

对非对称Doherty功率放大器(ADPA)的特性进行了研究。峰管采用更高功率的LDMOS管,用非对称负载调制理论做功率匹配,提高了功率放大器的平均效率和峰值输出功率。对功率放大器记忆效应进行了研究,介绍了多种减小记忆效应的方法。用ADS软件分别仿真了对称和非对称Doherty功率放大器,最后采用了100 W和140 W的LDMOS功率管进行实验验证。测试结果表明:2.62 GHz单载波W-CDMA信号平均输出功率为47.5 dBm,峰值输出功率为55dBm,功率附加效率(PAE)为41%,经数字预失真(DPD)校正后,近端(5 MHz)临信道泄漏比(ACLR)达到-60 dBc以下,完全达到系统要求的指标。     

Phenomenological analysis of simulated signals observed over shaded areas in an urban scene

This paper analyzes the signal measured by optical remote sensors when acquiring data over a shaded part of an urban scene. The signal is much lower for this kind of target than for others because there is no direct downward irradiance. Here, a simple urban scene is considered with a shaded area. The signal observed by a high spatial resolution satellite sensor over an ordinary panchromatic band (500-700 nm) is computed thanks to a radiative transfer code [advanced modeling of the atmospheric radiative transfer for inhomogeneous surfaces (Amartis)] capable of dealing with ground topography and heterogeneity. The signal is analyzed, and it appears that environmental effects play a significant role. Moreover, because of the scattering that occurs at shorter wavelengths, it is also shown that a widening of the band to 440 nm sharpens the difference between signals coming from two different ground types (for whose the difference of reflectance is constant and equal to 0.1) by about 10%. This demonstrates that the band widening may be beneficial to observation in shadow, mainly because of scattering effects. A more realistic scene is also considered, in which each part is associated with realistic spectral properties. This simply shows the importance of the thematic in the choice of band, as it determines the effect of the widening.     

移动多媒体广播业务S波段电波传播模型比较

提出了一种用于移动多媒体广播(CMMB)业务的S波段电波传播模型分析比较方法.介绍了相关试验的实测场景与实验模型,以及数据分析的实施过程.数据分析过程首先使用ICS Telecom频率规划软件进行预测计算,然后对实测数据进行筛选,并将筛选后的实测数据导入ICS Telecom软件,最后用统计方法将预测和实测数据进行比较...     

一种降低多载波信号峰均比的技术

多载波信号峰均比的降低在现代功率放大器研究和设计中具有重要意义。文章基于多载波信号的包络特征,提出了一种全新的峰均比降低技术。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明:文章所提出的技术可以较大程度的改变信号的包络分布,进而大幅度降低多载波信号的峰均比。从实验结果也可以看出,采用了这种新型多载波信号峰均比降低技术的功率放大器,线性与现有功率放大器相比得到大幅度改善。     

蜂窝网络基站无线桥接的研究

介绍了应急场景下蜂窝基站无线桥接应用的需求,从应急场景信号覆盖和网络流量两个情况,比较了WiFi网桥、LTE网桥和UHF网桥的技术优劣,针对UHF无线网桥,基于无线信号传播模型,从理论上分析了链路预算与发射功率需求,并对上海地区地面广播电视频谱分布情况进行了分析,指出地面广播电视的空白频谱可以用于应急场景下蜂窝基站的UHF桥接.     

频率步进探地雷达的SAR成像处理方法

由于冲激脉冲探地雷达平均功率低,限制了其作用距离和探测深度,多用于近地表和浅低层探测。为了提高系统的作用距离和探测深度,常采用频率步进探地雷达。利用频率步进信号的大带宽和高平均功率的特点,不但可以提高作用距离和探测深度,而且成像分辨率可以大为改善。由于介质与空气的介电特性不一致,电磁波的传播路径和传播速度会发生相应的改变,常用的回波模型和合成孔径成像方法不再使用。本文推导出了频率步进探地雷达的回波信号模型,并结合SAR成像理论,针对地下目标探测的特点,提出了分层聚焦的SAR成像处理方法,取得了良好的效果。     

On the capacity of a noiseless photon channel

An expression is derived for the capacity of a noiseless photon channel as a function of bandwidth, carrier frequency, and average signal power. This expression is an extension of a formula derived by Gordon which is applicable in the limit of narrow bandwidth. By comparison of the two results, it is shown that Gordon's formula is highly accurate over a large range of bandwidth, and that significant deviations occur only when the average signal power is extremely small. The derivation is based on a model of transmitting photons at different frequencies, distinguishable to the limit of the Heisenberg principle, which allows distinguishable states to have the same energy. This degeneracy, which in the narrow-band limit is simply related to the time-bandwidth product, plays a role in the (maximum entropy) energy distributions. These distributions are shown to vary from noise-like (where the rms fluctuations exceed the mean value) to Poisson as the time-bandwidth product varies from unity (or nondegenerate) to infinity. For any degeneracy, the distribution is the discrete analog of its continuous (classical) counterpart. For infinite degeneracy, when photon frequencies may take a continuum of values, the channel capacity is achieved for a signal power spectral density which has the same form as the average energy of a quantized oscillator in thermal equilibrium. As a concluding result, it is shown that for a noiseless channel with fixed average power but without any frequency restrictions, there exists an upper bound to channel capacity which is proportional to the square root of the average signal power.     

Deterministic deployment based on information coverage in wireless sensor networks

In this study, a deterministic deployment problem in wireless sensor networks is examined. On the basis of information coverage, we study equilateral triangle and square deployment strategies, and we provide the maximum distance between sensors in order to reach the required detection probability for any point in the monitoring field. First, we provide a model of the signal attenuation. On the basis of the detected signal from the K sensors, the best linear and unbiased estimation is used to estimate the signal parameter with the corresponding error. For the equilateral triangle deployment, the maximum distance between sensors is computed and provided when the received signal data from two or three sensors is used. Similarly, we have computed and supplied the maximum distance between sensors in the square deployment. Simulations are performed to show the relationship between the number of sensors and the detection probability. The simulation results show that it is not a good choice to improve the detection probability with a larger number of sensors.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensor allocation in diverse environments

Sensor coverage varies with location due to factors such as weather, terrain, and obstacles. If a field can be partitioned into zones of homogeneous sensing areas, then the area covered by a random deployment of sensors can be optimized by controlling the number of sensors deployed in each zone. This paper provides formulas to directly calculate the optimal sensor partition in runtime asymptotically equal to the number of zones; to determine the minimum sensor count required to achieve a specific coverage threshold; and to bound the maximum increase in coverage over a strategy oblivious to differences in sensing areas. Results show that this bound is no greater than 13% for a field with two zones. While the analytical solutions assume that each zone is covered independently, sensors are allowed to affect neighboring zones in simulations. Nevertheless, the simulation results support the optimality of the solutions.     

基于部分扫描的低功耗内建自测试

在分析全扫描内建自测试 (BIST)过高测试功耗原因的基础上 ,提出了一种选择部分寄存器成为扫描单元的部分扫描算法来实现低功耗 BIST。实验表明 ,提出的方法在保证测试覆盖率的条件下能同时降低 BIST的峰值功耗和平均功耗 ,降幅分别高达 46%和 69%。     

Reducing average and peak temperatures of VLSI CMOS circuits by means of evolutionary algorithm applied to high level synthesis

In this paper an adaptive evolutionary algorithm (AEA) for high-level synthesis, resulting in reduction of the power dissipation in CMOS circuits is presented. It enables us to design contemporary electronic circuits/systems with minimisation of the peak and average power consumption, which leads to reduction of the peak and average temperature of the designed chip. Therefore, the reliability of the integrated circuit (IC) can be improved. The results of experiments carried out for the chosen benchmark circuits show that the achieved reduction of power consumption varies from 4 to 52%.     

A High Power Phase Shifter for Phased-Array Systems

The design of a small, lightweight, high peak and average power phase shifter is discussed. To achieve the high peak power handling, a small crystal grain technique was employed that resulted in a 14 to 1 power handling improvelment. To achieve the high average power handling, a temperature compensated garnet was used along with a novel direct dielectric liquid cooling technique. The structure used to implement the cooling causes dielectric loading of the garnet material which enhances the microwave performance of the device. The results have provided a device capable of 360/spl deg/ of continuous reciprocal phase shift while operating at signal levels of 115-kW peak, and 600-watts average power.     

降低OFDM系统高峰均功率比的方法研究

针对OFDM技术具有较高的峰均功率比（peak to average power ration,PAPR）这一主要缺点,提出一种控制OFDM载波信号衍生频谱的迭代算法,在降低系统高峰均功率比的同时,也降低系统的误码率.利用该算法对数据序列长度为64的OFDM信号进行仿真验证,随着迭代次数的增加,衍生频谱系数增大,系统平均功率增加,OFDM信号的峰值功率比得到一定的降低.     

Inline quantum-well waveguide photodetectors for the measurement ofwavelength shifts

A two-segment GaAs-InGaP-InGaAs p-i-n quantum-well waveguide photodiode has been fabricated and demonstrated to function as a sensitive wavelength monitor. The ratio of the two segments' photocurrents varies linearly with wavelength in a region near the absorption band edge. A wavelength sensitivity on the order of 1 pm was measured for input optical power levels above 30 μW and signal averaging times of 0.2 s. An operating range from 980 to 1020 nm was achieved using electroabsorption tuning of the band edge. The intended application for this detector is wavelength demodulation of Bragg grating fiber optic strain sensors. A strain sensor with resolution of ±6 μϵ was demonstrated using a superluminescent diode and the inline detectors to monitor strain-induced changes in the reflection wavelength of an in-fiber grating     

The Transmission Performance of Non-zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber Communication Systems Using In-line Phase-sensitive Amplifiers

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Adaptive digital/RF predistortion using a nonuniform LUT indexing function with built-in dependence on the amplifier nonlinearity

This paper reports on an integrated adaptive digital/RF predistorter using a nonuniform spaced lookup table (LUT) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) RF vector multiplier (VM). The LUT contents are directly deduced from the baseband input and output signals of the power amplifier (PA). In addition, a new nonlinear indexing function of the predistortion LUT with built-in dependence on the PA nonlinearity is proposed. This function is made to be robust to the input signal statistics. A comparison of this new indexation method with conventional approaches, namely, power and logarithmic power indexation functions, is carried out. The superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in particular for class-AB amplifiers where the gain of the PA varies over the whole input range of the drive signal. The measured output spectrum of a linearized 90-W peak lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor PA reveals a significant reduction of the power emission at the adjacent channels of approximately 15 dB under IS95, single-carrier, and multicarrier wide-band code-division multiple-access signals. The experimental evaluation is carried out using an RF/digital predistorter prototype that mainly includes an envelope detector, a linear I/Q RF VM, field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor, and fast analog/digital and digital/analog converters.     

Signal subspace fusion of uncalibrated sensors with application inSAR and diagnostic medicine

Addresses the problem of fusing the information content of two uncalibrated sensors. This problem arises in registering images of a scene when it is viewed via two different sensory systems, or detecting change in a scene when it is viewed at two different time points by a sensory system, or via two different sensory systems or observation channels. We are concerned with sensory systems which have not only a relative shift, scaling and rotational calibration error, but also an unknown point spread function (that is time varying for a single sensor, or different for two sensors). By modeling one image in terms of an unknown linear combination of the other image, its powers and their spatially transformed (shift, rotation and scaling) versions, a signal subspace processing is developed for fusing uncalibrated sensors. The proposed method is shown to be applicable in moving target detection (MTD) using monopulse synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with uncalibrated radars. Results are shown for video, magnetic resonance images of a human brain, moving target detector monopulse SAR, and registration of SAR images of a target obtained via two different radars or at different coordinates by the same radar for automatic target recognition (ATR).     

An Overlapping Scan Architecture for Reducing Both Test Time and Test Power by Pipelining Fault Detection

We present a novel scan architecture for simultaneously reducing test application time and test power (both average and peak power). Unlike previous works where the scan chain is partitioned only based on the excitation properties of the flip-flops (FFs), our work considers both the excitation and propagation properties of the scan FFs. In the proposed scan architecture, the scan chain is partitioned to maximize the overlapping between the excitation and propagation on different fault sets. The scan architecture also allows the entire set of detectable faults in the circuit under test (CUT) to be detected with only a portion of the scan elements active at a time, and thereby completely eliminates the need for the "serial full-scan" mode which is inefficient for both the test time and test power. Experimental results show that by introducing minimal hardware overhead, and without sacrificing fault coverage, an average peak power reduction of 22.8%, average power reduction of 41.6%, and an average reduction of 18.5% on the test application time can be achieved, compared with the ordinary full-scan architecture