改进的双站SAR线性调频尺度成像算法

双站合成孔径雷达（SAR）具有隐蔽性和反侦察等优点,但对于双站SAR方位向移变结构的成像研究较少。本文提出了一种基于双站平飞移变模式下改进的双站SAR线性调频尺度成像算法（CS）。该CS算法利用了一种将双站回波等效为单站回波处理的简化方法,引入了收发双站速度比因子,可在双站速度比值不超过1．5的情况下较好地成像,并通过仿真和对实际数据的处理验证了算法的有效性。     

Improved algorithm for stripmap SAR imaging

This paper proposes a calibrated method for quasi-broadside side-looking mode SAR imaging with small squint angle and an improved method named as phase alignment algorithm of subaperture reference signal. The calibrated method adopts subaperture spotlighting algorithm of broadside mode to image the real data of quasi-broadside mode SAR, then based on the obtained image the small squint angle is estimated and the calibrated subaperture spotlighting algorithm of squint mode is employed to obtain the final image. The calibrated method can calibrate the abnormal region and obtain the correct image. The phase alignment algorithm of subaperture reference signal adjusts phases of respective subaperture reference signals in order to make them be in phase and constructs a new spotlighting window function for SAR imaging. Theoretical analysis shows that with the same sample data, the improved method can increase SAR imaging area in azimuth dimension. The methods are verified by the results of computer simulation.     

星载波束扫描合成孔径雷达距离辐射校正研究

针对星载波束扫描合成孔径雷达（Scanning Synthetic Aperture Radar,ScanSAR）图像具有的波束边界条带现象,研究了这种不均匀现象的产生机理和校正技术,分析了卫星姿态误差对校正技术的影响,推导并建立了图像距离向增益的数学模型,提出了星载ScanSAR精确波束边界条带现象校正对横滚角估计精度的要求,为合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)卫星总体分析与设计提供了理论依据. 计算机仿真验证了理论分析的正确性和实现方法的可行性.     

基于频率变标的调频连续波SAR成像算法

给出了一种改进的频率变标算法,该算法适用于处理距离解线调后的调频连续波SAR数据。对调频连续波SAR回波信号进行了建模,分析了信号的特征,揭示了平台的连续运动在距离向产生了一个多普勒频移的特性,应用频率变标技术,在频域完成补偿。实测数据处理结果表明,该算法能得到较好的成像结果。     

基于条带式SAR与聚束式SAR内在联系的SAR成像研究

针对条带式合成孔径雷达（stripmap sar）与聚束式合成孔径雷达（spotlight sar）的方位向频谱结构,讨论了两种模式SAR之间的区别与联系,利用两者之间的内在联系,提出斜视条件下将条带式SAR数据分块,进行聚束式处理的方法,并对聚束式成像区域大小参数的选择进行了分析.对于相同尺寸的成像区域,对条带式SAR进行聚束式处理可以减小运算量.采用空间频率插值成像算法实现了条带式SAR与聚束式SAR成像算法上的统一,最后应用外场实测数据完成成像,成像结果证实了理论分析的正确性.     

New applications of nonlinear chirp scaling in SAR data processing

New applications of nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) have been found in processing monostatic and bistatic SAR data acquired in the strip-map mode. When the effects in impulse response broadenings due to quadratic range migration are negligible for short radar wavelengths, a time domain range cell migration correction (RCMC) can be applied. After the correction, the FM rates of targets confined in a range gate will differ from each other. A nonlinear chirp perturbation function can be applied to each range gate to equalize the targets' FM rates before azimuth compression. This algorithm is analyzed in the paper and is supported by point target simulation experiments     

Realization of quick-look imaging for spaceborne SAR based on parallel processing

Large range cell migration is a severe challenge to imaging algorithm for spaceborne SAR. Based on design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Range Doppler (RD) algorithm,a realization of quicklook imaging for large range cell migration is proposed. It realized quick-look imaging of 8 times reduced resolution with parallel processing on memory shared 8 CPU SGI server. According to simulation experiment, this quick-look imaging algorithm with parallel processing can image 16384x16384 SAR raw data within 6 seconds. It reaches the requirement of real-time imaging.     

Road detection in spaceborne SAR images using a genetic algorithm

This paper presents a technique for the detection of roads in a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image using a genetic algorithm (GA). Roads in a spaceborne SAR image can be modeled as curvilinear structures that possess width. Curve segments, which represent the candidate positions for roads, are extracted from the image using a curvilinear structure detector, and the roads are accurately detected by grouping those curve segments. For this purpose, the authors designed a grouping method based on a GA, which is a global optimization method. They combined perceptual grouping factors with it and tried to reduce its overall computational cost by introducing a concept of region growing. In this process, a selected initial seed is grown into a finally grouped segment by the iterated GA process, which considers segments only in a search region. To detect roads more accurately, postprocessing, including noisy curve segment removal, is performed after grouping. The authors applied their method to ERS-1 SAR and SIR-C/X-SAR images that have a resolution of about 30 m. The experimental results show that our method can accurately detect road networks as well as single-track roads and is much faster than a globally applied GA approach     

Improved nonlinear frequency scaling algorithm for squint FMCW SAR

An improved nonlinear frequency scaling algorithm is proposed to process squint frequency modulated continuous wave synthetic aperture radar data. The algorithm uses a decimation technique to decrease the bandwidth of the signal introduced by the frequency scaling operation, effectively removing the range frequency aliasing. Simulated results show the validity of the algorithm.     

A fast approximate imaging algorithm for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar

A fast algorithm of azimuth processing for spaceborne aperture radar (SAR), which is called SPECAN algorithm, is proposed. Compared with general frequency algorithms, SPECAN has advantages in computation, memory and structure. SPECAN algorithm is very important for surveying real time processing of spaceborne SAR. The structure and special problems for SPECAN algorithm used in spaceborne SAR are mainly engaged in this paper. Finally, raw data of SEASAT-A satellite is used to verify the feasibility of SPECAN algorithm.     

一种斜视SAR成像算法

该文详细分析了斜视SAR的成像原理,研究了大斜视SAR与正侧视SAR回波信号的差异,在此基础上,提出了一种高运算效率的成像方法,实现了大斜视SAR成像,并获得较好的图像分辨力。     

Time-varying step-transform algorithm for high squint SAR imaging

High-squint angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has applications in specific situations such as providing looking angle-dependent scattering information and revisiting an area of interest. It is very difficult for current SAR-imaging algorithms to be used directly in high-squint configurations. This is due to the large range-cell migration and the nonnegligible cubic-phase term in the signal. In this paper, an improved algorithm called the time-varying step-transform algorithm is proposed. It uses different chirp rates to deramp the signal in different subapertures to alleviate the range-focus problem. The interval between subapertures is also varied according to the deramping chirp rate. The nonnegligible cubic-phase term is included in the focusing procedure. The performance of the proposed algorithm in high-squint-angle mode is excellent. By reducing the subaperture length as the squint angle is increased, the performance of the algorithm is almost independent of squint angle. The proposed algorithm is also flexible for multilook processing and motion-error compensation     

机载平行等速双基SAR的极坐标格式成像算法

平行等速双基SAR是指收发平台速度大小和方向均相同的双基SAR系统,该构型具有广阔的应用前景。在此将传统适用于单基地SAR成像的极坐标格式算法（PFA）加以改进,使之适用于平行等速双基SAR成像处理。由于收发异置,回波信号在接收平面和发射平面的斜距几何关系比较复杂。为了便于后续的二维插值操作,用一个新的几何模型来描述收发平面上斜距的关系。该算法具有传统PFA算法的操作简单,易于实现的特点。最后通过仿真数据的成像处理对该方法进行了验证。     

分布式星载干涉SAR中空间基线的分析和设计

分布式星载干涉SAR可以同时实现三维地形成像、洋流成像和提高空间分辨率等3种SAR于涉成像。其系统基线设计需要同时考虑这3种SAR干涉成像对基线的不同要求,所以比较复杂。该文在给出分布式小卫星被动稳定编队飞行的空间构形和3种SAR干涉成像对系统基线要求的基础上,提出了分布式星载干涉SAR基线设计中存在着3个制约关系;给出了协调这3个制约关系的一种设计准则,并在此准则下对一个L波段的分布式星载干涉SAR进行了系统基线设计。     

并行机载双站斜视SAR ELBF-CS成像算法

论文建立了并行机载斜视双站SAR的结构模型和信号模型,用收发载机多普勒贡献比为加权系数推导了点目标回波的扩展Loffeld频谱公式(ELBF)。在二维频域内补偿双站扭曲项,然后对剩余相位项做Taylor展开,利用Chirp Scaling(CS)方法,推导了并行机载双站斜视SAR的ELBF-CS成像算法。双站结构参数及双站扭曲项的距离向空变性用回波数据的距离向分块处理,推导了数据分块条件,由此可以实现宽场景成像。算法基于更精确的ELBF,并用CS方法校正点目标距离徙动,处理流程更简单,成像效率更高,仿真验证了本文算法处理并行机载双站斜视SAR数据的有效性。     

用于多层介质目标成像的改进波数域算法

近年来,获取高分辨探地雷达图像以实现目标检测受到广泛关注。相位偏移补偿算法（PSM）可以针对不同介电常数的多层介质成像,在各领域应用广泛。受距离维像素循环计算过程影响,PSM成像速度慢。基于PSM相关理论基础,提出改进波数域的多层介质快速成像算法,在每个独立介质层中,通过快速傅里叶运算取代PSM算法中的像素迭代过程,可以有效降低成像时间。针对双层介质模型,提出基于目标顶点区域提取的波速估计方法,用于精确补偿相位成像。通过搭建双层介质实验平台,利用该算法获得了多种被埋目标高分辨图像,验证了算法的有效性。     

适于双站SAR的后向投影高分辨率成像算法

为了研究在双站合成孔径雷达中直达波对成像分辨率的影响,提出基于后向投影的直达波消除高分辨率成像算法。首先,分析直达波的波达时间,获取收发端的距离信息及直达波的空间电磁分布;其次,分析电磁波历经多目标的成像空间后的接收信号(包含目标的反射回波及直达波);最后,分析此时空间的成像谱,并减去先验得到的直达波空间电磁分布,从而提高成像分辨率。研究表明:所提方法,不仅得到目标清晰的像,还适应不同接收器排布的情况,提高双站SAR系统成像分辨率的同时,还增加系统的应用灵活性。并在噪声中表现出良好的分辨率特性。     

机载斜视聚束合成孔径雷达快速成像算法

极坐标格式算法(PFA)是传统聚束SAR的经典成像算法,但用于斜视聚束成像存在二维频域插值计算量巨大、插值精度受插值核函数长度制约以及最终图像旋转带来成像质量下降等问题。针对上述问题,文中提出一种基于尺度变化的快速PFA算法,不仅能避免斜视成像后的图像旋转操作,还具有计算效率高的优势。快速PFA算法只需要FFT和复乘运算即可完成,与直接插值PFA算法相比计算量降低到原来的30%~50%。仿真实验验证了文中方法的有效性。     

基于MLBF的毫米波双站SAR前视Omega-k成像算法

结合毫米波体制和双站毫米波合成孔径雷达(SAR)前视成像技术,开展毫米波双站SAR前视成像算法的研究.在双站SAR前视成像系统中,较大的前视角引入了多普勒质心偏移和严重的距离徙动,因此普通双站SAR的成像算法无法直接移植到双站SAR前视成像中.针对以上问题,论文首先提出了一种基于瞬时多普勒分析的改进Loffeld's Bistatic Formula(MLBF)二维频谱求解方法,相比于现有方法,该方法能更准确的得到双站SAR前视回波信号的二维频谱.在此基础上又推导出了适用于毫米波双站SAR前视成像的Omega-k算法;最后通过仿真实验,验证了提出算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于运动补偿和正交解耦合的双基SAR成像算法

复杂的应用场景下,平台速度不能保持恒定.加速度的存在增加了双基合成孔径雷达距离和方位向的耦合,使成像处理更加困难.论文提出了一种二维频谱的正交解耦合方法,以解决加速度下的双基SAR成像问题.首先利用Chebyshev多项式将斜距展开成幂级数形式,然后利用驻留相位原理和级数反演法(Method of Series Re-...