氧化锌浮选研究进展

从捕收剂、调整剂、浮选工艺等方面总结了近年来国内外氧化锌矿浮选研究现状,认为新型高效浮选药剂和浮选工艺的研究是未来发展的方向。     

锂辉石浮选捕收剂及调整剂研究综述

从捕收剂和调整剂2大方面对国内外锂辉石浮选药剂进行了介绍和总结。锂辉石浮选捕收剂主要包括传统单一捕收剂、组合捕收剂和新型捕收剂3类。调整剂主要包括应用最广泛的NaOH-Na2CO3-CaCl2“三碱”组合调整剂,同时难免金属阳离子、无机阴离子、有机酸等调整剂对浮选过程的影响、对锂辉石活化作用及其选择性抑制作用的影响及对浮选机理的影响研究都是研究的热点。研发新型高效、高选择性、环保、耐低温、经济的捕收剂和调整剂将成为锂辉石浮选药剂未来发展的主要趋势。综合述评可以为锂辉石浮选药剂的研究提供参考。     

中低品位磷矿浮选药剂研究现状与展望

我国磷矿资源丰富,但品位普遍较低,分选难度较大.浮选是磷矿选矿中最主要的方法,其中浮选药剂对浮选指标起着至关重要的作用.本文从捕收剂和调整剂两大方面对国内外中低品位磷矿浮选药剂进行了介绍和总结.磷矿浮选捕收剂主要包括脂肪酸类捕收剂、胺类捕收剂以及两性捕收剂.其中,捕收剂的混合使用在处理中低品位复杂型磷矿时体现出良好的选别效果,因此将会成为以后主要研究方向.调整剂主要包括介质调整剂和抑制剂,选择合适的或新型调整剂有助于进一步提升选磷效果.因此,在未来磷矿浮选药剂发展中,研发新型、高效、高选择性、耐低温、经济环保型单一捕收剂或混合捕收剂和调整剂将成为未来选磷浮选药剂的主要发展趋势.本文可为中低品位磷矿浮选药剂的研究提供参考依据.     

铝土矿反浮选新型捕收剂TR性能研究

通过对铝土矿反浮选新型捕收剂TR和传统捕收剂1231重要浮选性能的对比研究,揭示了TR在不加任何其他调整剂的情况下,即能在广泛的 pH范围内实现高岭石和一水硬铝石的反浮选分离,且TR的使用量比1231低约50%;TR在用常规调整剂的情况下,精矿铝硅比为10.13,回收率77.14%,明显优于使用1231作捕收剂时的指标,而且精矿泡沫量很小,消泡容易。     

铌矿浮选药剂研究进展

评述了铌矿浮选药剂的研究进展及工业应用。分别阐述了胺类阳离子型捕收剂和羟肟酸、膦酸、胂酸、脂肪酸等阴离子型捕收剂与铌矿物的作用机理和应用现状, 从浮选性能、匹配的浮选流程、经济效益以及环境保护的角度评价了各类捕收剂的优缺点: 虽然胺类捕收剂工业应用广泛, 但存在浮选流程长、铌损失大、耗酸多的缺点; 羟肟酸类捕收剂选择性好, 但捕收能力较弱, 药剂用量大、成本高; 膦酸和胂酸类捕收剂捕收能力和选择性都较好, 但对环境危害大。概述了铌矿浮选调整剂的研究进展, 指出了脉石矿物有效抑制剂是铌矿浮选调整剂研究的重点。最后指出铌矿浮选药剂的发展方向是高选择性、低毒、低成本、绿色制备。     

氧化锌矿浮选药剂研究概况

从捕收剂、调整剂、起泡剂等方面总结了近年来国内外氧化锌矿浮选药剂的研究进展,强调了氧化锌浮选捕收剂的重要性.     

铝土矿反浮选脱硅药剂评述

系统概述了铝土矿反浮选脱硅的各种药剂,包括捕收剂、调整剂和起泡剂等,介绍了各捕收剂和调整剂的作用机理、研究现状及其应用进展,同时提出了反浮选脱硅的一些看法.     

在萨费亚诺夫斯克矿床铜-锌矿石浮选工艺制定时应用有效的药剂

叙述了用CYTEC工业公司生产的Aerophine 3418A和国际矿物药剂公司生产的S703G捕收剂和硫氧化合物调整剂对萨费亚诺夫斯克矿床铜-锌矿石的浮选试验结果.试验表明,在混合浮选中,先用Aerophine 3418捕收剂浮选(混合浮选的第一个和第二个混合浮选作业),然后用丁基黄药和丁基黑药浮选,获得最好混合浮选结果.在用直接分离浮选流程(其中包括铜浮选、锌浮选、锌精矿脱硅和脱铁)试验中,在铜浮选回路中混合应用Aerophine 3418A和丁基黄药捕收剂及硫氧化合物调整剂获得较好的结果.     

砷黄铁矿浮选特性研究

以砷黄铁矿为研究对象,在丁基黄药捕收剂浮选体系下,系统研究了捕收剂用量及矿浆p H、几种金属离子、无机阴离子和有机调整剂对砷黄铁矿浮选特性的影响,获得了不同浮选药剂作用条件下砷黄铁矿的浮选规律,并初步分析了捕收剂与调整剂对砷黄铁矿浮选特性产生影响的原因。     

浮选药剂的进展

本文收集了１９９６－１９９７年一些浮选药剂新资料，分硫化矿捕收剂，氧化矿捕收剂，起泡剂，调整剂等方面进行介绍，并略加评论。     

Rougher flotation of copper sulphide ore using biosolids and humic acids

In the quest of new, less hazardous, and more ambient-friendly froth flotation reagents, the use of biosolids or humic acids as both collector and frother for the concentration of copper sulphide ores was investigated. Rougher flotation tests were conducted in Denver cells on a laboratory scale, and metallurgical indicators such as copper recovery, copper concentrate grade, and concentration and enrichment ratios were compared with those obtained under similar conditions but using conventional collectors and frothers for the industrial flotation of copper sulphide ores. With a dosage of 10% (w/w) biosolids, copper recovery and grade were 26% and 0.81%, respectively. The copper recovery and grade obtained with 1.5% (w/w) salt of humic acids were 29.7% and 3.5%, respectively. A significantly higher copper recovery (65.1%) was obtained with conventional industrial collectors and frothers, but the grade was also low (3.1% Cu). With the same dosage of humic substances, humic acid show that the flotation rate constant was significantly higher (0.2 min⁻¹) than that obtained with the same dosage of biosolids (0.09 min⁻¹). These results indicate that humic acids have more affinity than biosolids for copper-containing mineral species, and also show that biosolids and humic acids could be used as both collector and frother in the sulphide mineral concentration process by froth flotation. Because the distribution of iron in the concentrate obtained with biosolids is highest, these materials seem to have more affinity for pyrite.     

XCF自吸浆充气机械搅拌式浮选机

ＸＣＦ型自吸浆充气机械搅拌式浮选机是一种既能自吸矿浆、作业间可平面配置和中矿返回取消泡沫泵,又有一般充气机械搅拌式浮选机优点的新型浮选设备。文中述及该设备的结构、工作原理、设计原则、性能、使用情况以及主要零部件的设计。     

The effect of the reagent suite on froth stability in laboratory scale batch flotation tests

In batch flotation tests conducted on ores from the Merensky reef, changes in froth stability invariably occur with variations in the reagent suite. The main reagents are collectors (primary and secondary), activators, depressants and frothers. Since the particles entering and leaving the froth in a batch flotation system are continuously changing, the stability of the froth can vary. Under these conditions the simplest measure of froth stability is the measure of water recovery at a fixed froth height. The batch flotation system developed at UCT allows for the separation of gangue which is entrained relative to gangue which is floated. It has been found that the presence of naturally floatable gangue (NFG) leads to froth stabilisation, whereas the presence of hydrophobic sulfide minerals may lead to destabilisation of the froth depending on the hydrophobicity (contact angle) of the sulfide minerals. This can vary with ore type since particle shape and amount of particles present can influence the extent of destabilisation. At low depressant dosages sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) always results in lower froth stability than sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX). The frothing nature of dithiophosphate leads to increased froth stability and the addition of copper sulfate results in destabilised froths. Increasing depressant dosage reduces the stabilising influence of NFG and the depressant type (guar gum or CMC) also affects froth stability. Frother can be used in an attempt to overcome the destabilising effects of high depressant dosage. This work examines the effect of variations in the reagent suite and uses water recovered at a fixed froth height as an indication of froth stability in order to analyse these effects on the recovery of sulfide minerals, floatable gangue and entrained gangue.     

浮选理论与工艺研究现状

对近年来浮选技术的发展进行了回顾和评述，认为硫化矿浮选电化学、盐类矿物浮选溶液化学、细粒浮选、新型浮选药剂和浮选设备的研究是浮选理论与工艺的5个重要方向。     

落地油泥浮渣提取工艺及设备的研究

热水洗涤法处理落地油泥在油田得到了广泛应用,但存在浮选效率低、浮渣含固量高等问题。针对该问题,提出了落地油泥浮渣提取工艺,介绍了浮渣提取工艺流程和关键设备的结构原理,并通过处理量为50 kg/h的中试试验,证明了浮渣提取设备能够提高浮选品质,降低浮渣含固量,浮渣含油率最高值达到74.1%,显著提高了原油回收效率,为新建大型的落地油泥处理生产线的提供了理论支持。     

钛铁矿浮选药剂及微波预处理改善其浮选指标的研究进展

我国钛资源钛品位低、性质复杂,浮选是富集钛铁矿最有效的方法。从捕收剂、活化剂、抑制剂角度综述了钛铁矿浮选药剂的研究进展。综述了钛铁矿表面性质与其可浮性的关系及微波表面预处理提高钛铁矿可浮性的研究进展。钛铁矿浮选时捕收剂主要通过化学吸附方式作用在矿物表面,捕收剂组合使用较单一捕收剂对钛铁矿的浮选指标好;在钛铁矿浮选抑制剂方面,铅离子活化的报道较多,铜离子活化、硫酸活化等也逐渐被报道;微波用于钛铁矿表面预处理,降低了捕收剂、抑制剂、活化剂等浮选药剂的消耗量,具有较好的运用前景。今后,钛铁矿浮选技术发展的主要方向仍然是开发新型、环保、低成本、高效的浮选药剂。     

The implications of the froth recovery at the laboratory scale

This paper presents a critical review of the role of froth recovery in laboratory flotation kinetics tests. By conducting tests in the standard lab equipment (the Denver cell), it is demonstrated that, for typical scraping rates, the froth recovery is significantly lower than the 100% that is commonly assumed when interpreting lab kinetics data. Furthermore, it is shown that the curve of overall rate constant versus froth residence time, as defined by the scraping rate, is not linear, but increases quickly at faster scraping rates. These findings have important implications for scale-up. For one, differences in froth recoveries at the lab scale can lead to significant error in the modeled plant recoveries. For two, they undermine a key assumption used to derive and validate the linear relationship between collection rate constant and bubble surface area flux. This casts doubt on the assertion that it is only the collection rate—rather than the froth recovery, interface recovery, or some combination thereof—that is responsible for the observed collinearity between the bubble surface area flux and the overall rate constant.     

贫连生体浮选机理及粗选用浮选机发展方向的探讨

笔者在闹述贫连生体矿物浮选机理的同时,引入了贫连生休矿物与脉石矿物在泡沫相中下落时间差的概念,由此而发展了一种适于粗选的浮选槽,以尽早丢弃最终尾矿。     

大型浮选机自动控制——可编程调节器在工业控制中的应用

对我国研制的KYF—38型大型浮选机的控制对象特性进行了分析。对浮选机矿浆液面检测,提出了矿浆液面和泡沫层之间无明显分界面的模糊概念。针对选矿厂的气源情况,在充气量控制回路中,采用了提高执行机构比例度和设置控制死区的方式来改善充气量控制特性。控制系统在药剂、给矿条件不变情况下,以充气量和矿浆液面作为控制参数,实现铜粗选泡沫中的品位控制。控制系统采用了集散型的可编程调节器,工作可靠,组态灵活,其性能满足设计的要求,并通过工业试验证明该系统是切实可行的。     

浮选泡沫相中现象及机理研究进展

泡沫相(层)是浮选重要组成部分之一,决定了最终精矿品位和整体浮选效率。由于泡沫相中的气泡与颗粒的相互作用比较复杂,近些年国内外学者围绕浮选泡沫层开展了大量相关研究。本综述在介绍浮选泡沫的结构和性质后归纳了浮选泡沫失稳的机理,即排液、粗化和兼并在现阶段的研究进展。对颗粒强化泡沫稳定性的相关机理进行了分析和总结,且归纳出颗粒疏水性、粒度和形状是颗粒影响泡沫层稳定的主要因素。之后回顾了泡沫层中常见的泡沫夹带现象,分析总结了泡沫夹带的三个主要机理;颗粒物理性质、水回收率、湍流强度、矿浆浓度、泡沫层性质和表观气速是影响泡沫夹带的主要因素;夹带模型的建立对脉石夹带程度的有效预测以及浮选工艺流程的优化具有重要意义。最后提出在今后的研究中加强泡沫相流体力学研究和推进泡沫层颗粒追踪技术是浮选泡沫相研究的方向之一。