混输技术在小区块油田上的应用

针对外围油田储量丰度低、区块分散、地面建设环境敏感、远离老区、系统依托条件差等特点,在新区建设和老区改造过程中,按照新老油田系统兼顾的原则,优化地面系统的布局及建设规模,应用混输技术,扩大集油半径,取消了转油站,实现了一级半布站,充分利用了伴生气资源.为边际低产油田区块的开发提供了行之有效的经济开发模式.     

齐家北油田地面建设整体优化的实践

针对齐家北油田储量丰度低、区块分散、地面建设环境敏感、远离老区、系统依托条件差等特点，在新区建设过程中，采用丛式井布井方式、树状电加热流程及混输技术，扩大了集油半径，取消转油站，实现了一级半布站；采用热电联供技术，实现了能源的梯级利用；采用伺服电机，实现了机采井智能化管理，从而为开发边际区块油田提供了行之有效的建设模式。     

提高边际油田开发整体效益

1·实现外围区块的有效开发大庆油田采油七厂外围油田自开发以来,地面建设坚持了“优化”与“简化”的技术路线,相继开发了茂801、台105-肇212、葡361、敖9、敖157等区块,2004年实现外围油田产油20·0×104t。(1)集油工艺。针对外围区块单井产量低的特点采用适合外围低产油田的     

基于油田开发的技术经济评价

进行油田开发的技术经济评价,达到经济效益最大化,可通过对体现机械采油井经济效益的几个主要动态指标进行分析,通过油田区块实例来验证技术经济体系的科学性和实用性.得到较科学可行的开发方案,可以有效降低开发风险和操作成本,帮助油田实现收益最大化的目标.     

外围油田开发对自然环境的影响及其治理措施

近年来,为保证大庆油田4 000万t原油稳产,一些外围零散区块油田开始逐步开发,在开发过程中产生的废水、废气和固体废物等对油田周边环境造成一定的影响.科学分析污染物来源、种类及其对环境造成的影响,并采取积极有效的环境污染防治措施,保护生态环境,是实现资源合理利用与环境保护和谐发展的唯一途径.对大庆油田一些外围零散区块在开发过程中存在的环境问题和相应防治措施进行了论述,为更好的保护油田环境提供参考.     

华北小断块油田地面建设技术探讨

根据小断块油田的地理位置和具体特点,可以划分为扩边区块、边远区块和孤立区块3种类型的油田,论述了对不同区块应采用的地面建设设计技术方案.介绍了适合不同开发条件小断块油田的多种油气集输系统;阐述了它们的特点及适用范围,以及如何针对不同开发条件选择工艺流程.     

水平井技术在欢喜岭油田开发中的实践效果

为了实现欢喜岭油田可持续发展,近年来以水平井技术为核心,广泛运用于区块扩边部署、底水油藏挖潜、薄层油藏动用、老区二次开发、多点注汽提高水平段动用程度、稠油油藏废气压力试验等方面,在欢2-17-10块等12个不同类型的老区块实施水平井72口,投产后均取得较好效果,极大地改善了欢喜岭油田开发效果,达到了老油田稳产的目的,为老油田持续高效开发探索了一条新路。     

朝阳沟油田一、二类区块开采效果评价

采出程度是评价油田生产开采效果的重要指标之一。以朝阳沟油田为研究对象。对10块岩心的相对渗透率曲线进行归一化处理,得到两类典型的相对渗透率曲线;计算采出程度与含水率关系理论曲线,对朝阳沟油田一、二类区块的水驱最终采收率进行预测;实现了对朝阳沟油田一、二类区块的开采效果评价.该评价对油田实际开发具有指导性意义。     

节能降耗技术在赵州桥油田滚动开发中的综合应用

围绕提高油田开发生产的经济效益，降低成本，我们立足生产实际，加强精细化管理，依靠科技创新，积极寻求节能降耗、挖潜增效的新举措。依据赵州桥油田区块特点，在这一油田的滚动开发中，进行了深入细致的研究和探索，通过实施大罐收气、天然气发电、发电机烟气余热回收、轻烃回收、干气回收等工程项目，实现了相关节能降耗技术的综合利用，并见到了可喜的经济效益和发展前景。     

海拉尔盆地贝16井地区地下水资源开发

海拉尔盆地油气勘探已经成为大庆油田勘探找油主要地区之一。特别是贝16井区块已经成为油田开发建设的重点区块之一，因此油田用水问题亟待解决。     

顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的合成

以碳酸二乙酯为溶剂,顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,在紫外光的照射下进行[2+2]环加成反应,制备得到顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐,并通过IR和1 H NMR对其结构进行了确证。实验结果表明,较佳反应条件是:顺丁烯二酸酐浓度为9%,高压汞灯照射,反应时间4h,反应温度6℃,产品顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的产率为82.6%,纯度可达99.2%。     

New Modifications Bart,Bdchamp, Mayer,Rosenmund, Scheller,Sherlyn-Braz Reactions with Halides of Arsenic,Antimony and Bismuth

It was discovered a new approach modification Bart, Beschamp, Mayer, Rosenmund, Scheller, Sherlyn-Braz reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. The authors have proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

Search for New Three-, Four-Component Petasis,Passerini, Hantzsch,Kabachnic-Fields,Ugi Reactions with Organic Compounds of Phosphorus,Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth

It is discovered a new three-, four-component Petasis, Passerini, Hantzsch, Kabachnic-Fields, Ugi reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. Modifications were replaced to a nitrogen atom of classical reactions of atoms of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. It has been proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库方法

地下储气库多周期运行盘库,是研究气库运行规律、分析漏失、进一步提高气库运行效率和降低气库运行成本的关键环节。已建立的未水淹气藏型地下储气库盘库数学模型却并不适用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库,评价结果明显高于实际注采气量。为此,通过深入分析水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库气驱排水扩容机理、多周期注采运行过程中气水两相宏观与微观运动规律及可能的分布状态,创新性提出了可动用库存量的概念,以注采气量与视地层压力在一个注采周期内满足定容压升降方程为评价准则,建立了水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库模型。实例验证结果表明,该模型计算的结果与实际吻合,可用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库多周期运行盘库计算和分析。为储气库运行、管理及调整提供了依据。     

Solid waste issue: Sources,composition, disposal,recycling, and valorization

Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities’.Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal. Traditionally, the most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of MSW are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD). The generation of organic solid waste (OSW); worldwide; is dramatically increasing each year. Most of the OSW’s are composed of agricultural waste, household food waste, human and animal wastes, etc. They are normally handled as animal feed, incinerated or disposed to landfill sites. OAW’s are comprised of materials rich in proteins, minerals, and sugars that could be used in other processes as substrates or raw materials.     

PERMIAN TO TERTIARY FAUNAS AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY: SOMALIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, MOZAMBIQUE, MADAGASCAR, SOUTH AFRICA

Permian to Tertiary faunas along the eastern margin of Africa, and on Madagascar, are presented, described, and discussed. Presentation of the faunas is made in four charts: Permo-Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary. A correlation chart provides tentative time-rock units. Paleogeography northeast and east of Africa is derived from the writer's analysis of marine invertebrate fauna, and is delineated in sketches for Late Permian, Jurassic, and Cretaceous times. Limitations exist on the conclusions that can be drawn from fauna alone. Pelagic waters can be indicated, but their extent cannot be specified, and lack of diversification in some of the pelagic genera results in unavoidable ambiguities of interpretation. Nothing in the faunal evidence so far available, however, disproves unequivocally the existence of an ancestral Indian Ocean from Late Permian onward. Even if such an ancestral ocean did not exist the pattern of pelagic waters that can be inferred from marine invertebrate fauna constitutes an impediment to models that suture Australia or India to Africa or Madagascar. Peninsular India, on readings of its own geology across the foreland-orogen boundary, may have occupied its present position through the whole of geologic time.     

泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体预测

在对泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布预测中,以层序地层学研究为基础,依据古地貌沟扇对应理论,利用地震属性分析技术和地震反演技术,寻找砂砾岩扇体并确定其分布边界.预测结果,在陡坡带边界断层附近发现了新的砂砾岩扇体,在深凹区过渡带发现了浊积砂体,均为有利的油气聚集区,经钻探获得了良好效果,对陡坡带砂砾岩体的勘探起到 较好的指导作用.图3参10