研究堆辐照孔道内热中子注量率测量方法研究

采用经典的活化箔法测量研究堆辐照孔道内热中子注量率的相对分布,并选择孔道内有代表性的点进行中子温度和热中子绝对注量率的测量;最后利用镉比修正法对实验结果进行校核。分析表明,2种方法得到的数据符合较好,可以相互校核用于其他孔道内的绝对热中子注量率测量。     

研究堆辐照孔道内热中子注量率测量方法研究

采用经典的活化箔法测量研究堆辐照孔道内热中子注量率的相对分布,并选择孔道内有代表性的点进行中子温度和热中子绝对注量率的测量;最后利用镉比修正法对实验结果进行校核。分析表明,2种方法得到的数据符合较好,可以相互校核用于其他孔道内的绝对热中子注量率测量。     

西安脉冲堆热柱孔道中子束流参数测量

采用飞行时间法测量了西安脉冲堆热柱孔道热中子束流中子能谱分布,能谱测量结果较Thermal Maxwellian理论谱偏软,中子谱平均能量为0.042±0.01eV.采用金箔活化法测得热柱孔道出口前端热中子注量率为1.18×105 cm-2·s-1,热中子注量率测量的不确定度为3%.     

基于活化法及MCNP程序的临界装置功率刻度

介绍了临界装置功率刻度的方法,在不同功率台阶下利用活化法测量临界装置的中子注量率分布及归一点的绝对中子注量率,并利用经修改编译的MCNP程序对临界装置的中子注量率分布进行校核计算。基于中子注量率测量及计算结果通过裂变率法计算不同功率台阶下临界装置的功率,同时外推到堆芯最大热中子注量率为1×10⁸cm^-2•s^-1时的功率,实现了临界装置的功率刻度。     

235U裂变电离室法及金箔活化法测量热中子注量率的不确定度分析

文章简述²³⁵U裂变电离室法及金箔活化法测量热中子注量率的基本原理,并对测量过程中的各项不确定度因素进行了分析评定,包括中子衰减、裂变计数率、全谱平均反应截面、金箔活性等。计算出的两种注量率测量相对合成标准不确定度满足2%～5％的要求。对减小中子注量率测量不确定度的方法进行了讨论。     

白云母迹径探测器测量宽范围的绝对热中子注量率

我们用白云母径迹探测器测量了几种堆型的绝对热中子注量率,与活化金箔法测量结果在5％内符合。测量范围为10~2～10~8n/cm~2s。 1.原理 在所测的中子场中,裂变材料制成的靶(如~(235)U)受到热中子辐照后产生裂变,当固体径迹探测器与裂变靶贴在一起时,记录下径迹数,即可求得中子场的注量率:     

4πβ-γ符合测量198Au活度方法研究

金箔活化法是中子注量率绝对测量常用方法之一,通过测量活化生成的198^Au核数目,可以获知辐照场热中子注量率信息。本文分析了利用4πβ-γ符合装置测量198^Au薄膜源活度的原理,提出了不制源情况下直接测量198^Au箔片活度命题,理论上证明了该方法的可行性,并提出了具体实现方案。     

单晶硅受照热中子注量率的双箔活化法测量研究

由于活化箔材料和单晶硅目标核素的活化截面随中子能量的变化曲线形状不同,导致等效2200 m/s热中子注量率的活化箔法确定值与单晶硅目标活化率的对应值存在一定的偏差。为研究活化截面的变化差异对测量的影响,对热中子活化截面均服从1/v规律,但共振积分和2200 m/s热中子活化截面的比值相差较大的Zr箔和CoAl箔进行了测量比较。结果表明,由于超热中子对前者的活化率贡献更大,导致Zr箔确定的值明显高于CoAl箔的值,活化截面的变化差异对测量结果有显著影响。为消除该影响,采用通过两种活化箔确定的值和Stoughton-Halperin约定关系式建立方程组的方法,确定了与单晶硅目标活化率对应的等效2 200 m/s热中子注量率。     

HFETR堆芯热中子阱研究

采用扩散和输运两种方法对高通量工程试验堆（HFETR）热中子阱进行研究。计算结果表明：水热中予阱的最佳热阱半径为6．0cm,其最大热中子注量率约是无阱时最大热中子注量率的3．1～3．7倍;铍一水热中子阱的最佳热阱半径分别为7．5cm（扩散方法）和2．5cm（输运方法）,其最大热中子注量率约是无阱时最大热中子注量率的3．2～4倍．     

300^#—1靶片内热中子注量率分布测量实验研究

介绍了以φ4mm×0.005mm的金箔为探测片,采用绝对与相对测量法测量300#-1靶片内部热中子注量率分布的原理和方法.给出了靶片所在堆芯位置的绝对中子注量率和靶片内相对中子注量率分布.为靶片自屏因子的确定提供了测量数据.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.