Dual Delivery of BMP-2 and bFGF from a New Nano-Composite Scaffold,Loaded with Vascular Stents for Large-Size Mandibular Defect Regeneration

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and advantages of the dual delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from nano-composite scaffolds (PLGA/PCL/nHA) loaded with vascular stents (PLCL/Col/nHA) for large bone defect regeneration in rabbit mandibles. Thirty-six large bone defects were repaired in rabbits using engineering bone composed of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), bFGF, BMP-2 and scaffolds composed of PLGA/PCL/nHA loaded with PLCL/Col/nHA. The experiments were divided into six groups: BMSCs/bFGF/BMP-2/scaffold, BMSCs/BMP-2/scaffold, BMSCs/bFGF/scaffold, BMSCs/scaffold, scaffold alone and no treatment. Sodium alginate hydrogel was used as the carrier for BMP-2 and bFGF and its features, including gelling, degradation and controlled release properties, was detected by the determination of gelation and degradation time coupled with a controlled release study of bovine serum albumin (BSA). AlamarBlue assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were used to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in different groups. X-ray and histological examinations of the samples were performed after 4 and 12 weeks post-implantation to clarify new bone formation in the mandible defects. The results verified that the use of sodium alginate hydrogel as a controlled release carrier has good sustained release ability, and the combined application of bFGF and BMP-2 could significantly promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In addition, X-ray and histological examinations of the samples exhibited that the dual release group had significantly higher bone formation than the other groups. The above results indicate that the delivery of both growth factors could enhance new bone formation and vascularization compared with delivery of BMP-2 or bFGF alone, and may supply a promising way of repairing large bone defects in bone tissue engineering.     

Small-Diameter PLCL/PCL Nanofiber Grafted TSF Vascular Scaffolds with a Double-Layer Structure for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Successful construction of small-diameter double-layer vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) whose inner diameters are less than 1.5 mm, especially those with multilayer mimic structures, remains a challenge in vascular tissue engineering. In this study, poly(_L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)/poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/tussah silk fibroin (TSF) SDVSs with a double-layer structure are prepared by one-step method based on friction twisting core-spun electrospinning technology. The constructed PLCL/PCL SDVSs grafted TSF have an obvious double-layer structure; tube wall thickness 524 ± 28 µm; and inner tube diameter 1390 ± 40 µm. Compared with traditional nanofiber vascular scaffolds (TS), the axial and radial tensile strengths of PLCL/PCL SDVSs grafted TSF increase by 86% and 34%, respectively. They also show good scaffold elastic recovery and burst pressure (BP) (8505 ± 875 mmHg). Compared with the PLCL/PCL SDVSs, the inner and outer layers of PLCL/PCL SDVSs grafted TSF show good hydrophilicity and protein adsorption performance. The in vitro cell viability results indicate that the inner and outer layers of PLCL/PCL SDVSs grafted TSF show enhanced proliferation and adhesion of vein endothelial cells (VECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), respectively. Therefore, the successful preparation of PLCL/PCL SDVSs grafted TSF provides more possibilities for the clinical transplantation of small-diameter vascular scaffolds.     

Nanoengineered biocomposite tricomponent polymer based matrices for bone tissue engineering

Nanoengineered biodegradable constructs based on synthetic and natural polymers enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have been found to mimic the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. The main objective of this study was to create biocomposite nanostructured scaffolds by incorporating collagen and HA nanoparticles into poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly(?-caprolactone) by electrospinning. The fiber diameter of the composite PLCL/Col and PLCL/Col/HA fibers was smaller compared to PLCL. In vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds studied using human fetal osteoblasts and EDX analysis showed high deposition of calcium on PLCL/Col/HA. The results shows that PLCL/Col/HA nanofibrous constructs have huge potential as substrates for bone regeneration.     

Preparation of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐lactide) (PCL/PLCL) blend filament by melt spinning

Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐lactide) (PCL/PLCL) blend filaments with various ratios of PCL and PLCL were prepared by melt spinning. The effect of PLCL content on the physical properties of the blended filament was investigated. The melt spinning of the blend was carried out and the as spun filament was subsequently subjected to drawing and heat setting process. The addition of PLCL caused significant changes in the mechanical properties of the filaments. Crystallinity of blend decreased with the addition of PLCL as observed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the fracture surface becomes rougher at higher PLCL content. It may be proposed that PCL and PLCL show limited interaction within the blend matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

PLGA/nHA hybrid nanofiber scaffold as a nanocargo carrier of insulin for accelerating bone tissue regeneration

The development of tissue engineering in the field of orthopedic surgery is booming. Two fields of research in particular have emerged: approaches for tailoring the surface properties of implantable materials with osteoinductive factors as well as evaluation of the response of osteogenic cells to these fabricated implanted materials (hybrid material). In the present study, we chemically grafted insulin onto the surface of hydroxyapatite nanorods (nHA). The insulin-grafted nHAs (nHA-I) were dispersed into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer solution, which was electrospun to prepare PLGA/nHA-I composite nanofiber scaffolds. The morphology of the electrospun nanofiber scaffolds was assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). After extensive characterization of the PLGA/nHA-I and PLGA/nHA composite nanofiber scaffolds by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the PLGA/nHA-I and PLGA/nHA (used as control) composite nanofiber scaffolds were subjected to cell studies. The results obtained from cell adhesion, alizarin red staining, and Von Kossa assay suggested that the PLGA/nHA-I composite nanofiber scaffold has enhanced osteoblastic cell growth, as more cells were proliferated and differentiated. The fact that insulin enhanced osteoblastic cell proliferation will open new possibilities for the development of artificial scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.     

The odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on hydroxyapatite-coated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds

The authors aimed to design nanofibrous (NF) scaffolds that facilitate odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro. For this purpose, hydroxyapatite (HA)–loaded poly (L-lactic acid)/poly (?-caprolactone) (PLLA:PCL 2;1) blend NFs were prepared using the electrospinning method. Alizarin red activity and cell viability were evaluated by MTT assay, and SEM revealed the proliferation properties of NF scaffolds. QRT-PCR results demonstrated that HA-loaded PLLA/PCL can lead to osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation in DPSCs through the up-regulation of related genes, thus indicating that electrospun biodegradable PCL/PLA/HA has remarkable prospects as scaffolds for bone and tooth tissue engineering.     

Tetracycline hydrochloride-containing poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly lactic acid scaffold for bone tissue engineering application: in vitro and in vivo study

In the current study, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), an antibiotic against most of the medically relevant bacteria, was incorporated into poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly lactic acid solution in order to develop a composite scaffold with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for the repair of infected bone defects. The composite scaffolds were produced from poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly lactic acid (PLA) solution (1:1 (w/w)) incorporated with 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) of TCH by thermally induced phase separation technique. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, wettability, porosity, degradation, mechanical properties, and cellular response. The scaffold containing 10% of TCH (PCL/PLA/TCH10%) was chosen as the optimum scaffold for further investigation in a rat femoral defect model. The study showed that after eight weeks, the bone formation was relatively higher in PCL/PLA/TCH10%-treated group with completely filled defect when compared with control (PCL/PLA scaffold without TCH). Histopathological evaluation showed that the defect in PCL/PLA/TCH10%-treated group was fully replaced by new bone and connective tissue. Our results provide evidence supporting the possible applicability of TCH-containing scaffolds for successful bone regeneration.     

I‐Optimal design of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite three‐dimensional scaffolds produced by thermally induced phase separation

In bone tissue engineering, three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds are often designed to have adequate modulus while taking into consideration the requirement for a highly porous network for cell seeding and tissue growth. This article presents the design optimization of 3D scaffolds made of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), produced by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Slow cooling at a rate of 1°C/min enabled a uniform temperature and produced porous scaffolds with a relatively uniform pore size. An I‐optimal design of experiments (DoE) with 18 experimental runs was used to relate four responses (scaffold thickness, density, porosity, and modulus) to three experimental factors, namely the TIPS temperature (?20, ?10, and 0°C), PLGA concentration (7%, 10%, and 13% w/v), and nHA content (0%, 15%, and 30% w/w). The response surface analysis using JMP® software predicted a temperature of ?18.3°C, a PLGA concentration of 10.3% w/v, and a nHA content of 30% w/w to achieve a thickness of 3 mm, a porosity of 83%, and a modulus of ~4 MPa. The set of validation scaffolds prepared using the predicted factor levels had a thickness of 3.05 ± 0.37 mm, a porosity of 86.8 ± 0.9%, and a modulus of 3.57 ± 2.28 MPa. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1146–1157 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 immobilization on porous PCL‐BCP‐Col composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

The objective of this study was to develop novel porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering through surface modification of polycaprolactone–biphasic calcium phosphate‐based composites (PCL–BCP). PCL–BCP composites were first fabricated with salt‐leaching method followed by aminolysis. Layer by layer (LBL) technique was then used to immobilize collagen (Col) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) on PCL–BCP scaffolds to develop PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composite scaffold. The morphology of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of grafting of Col and BMP‐2 on composite scaffold was measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both XPS and FTIR confirmed that Col and BMP‐2 were successfully immobilized into PCL–BCP composites. MC3TC3‐E1 preosteoblasts cells were cultivated on composites to determine the effect of Col and BMP‐2 immobilization on cell viability and proliferation. PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 showed more cell attachment, cell viability, and proliferation bone factors compared to PCL–BCP‐Col composites. In addition, in vivo bone formation study using rat models showed that PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composites had better bone formation than PCL–BCP‐Col scaffold in critical size defect with 4 weeks of duration. These results suggest that PCL–BCP–Col–BMP‐2 composites can enhance bone regeneration in critical size defect in a rat model with 4 weeks of duration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45186.     

Fabrication and evaluation of nanofibrous polyhydroxybutyrate valerate scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a new approach for regeneration of damaged tissues. The current clinical methods such as autograft and allograft transplantation are not effective for repairing bone damages, mainly due to the limited available sources and the donor-site side effects. In this research, the nanocomposite poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds with different nHA ratios for bone regeneration were utilized. The diameter and porosity of scaffolds were approximately 200?nm and 74%, respectively. The degradability test of the scaffolds suggests a low degradation rate with total degradation of 30% after 3 months. Cytotoxicity result showed that cultured osteoblast cells (MC3T3) on nanocomposite scaffolds had superiority in terms of higher proliferation and attachment in comparison with PHBV scaffold. The protein expression of alkaline phosphatase illustrated that nanofibrous scaffold containing hydroxyapatite had the highest alkaline phosphatase activities as a result of better proliferation. These results recommend that PHBV/nHA scaffolds are suitable candidates for bone tissue engineering.     

In Vitro Degradation of PLCL/nHA Biodegradable Scaffolds

We investigated the effect of bioactive nanoparticles on the in-vitro degradation of PLCL and PLCL/nHA composite scaffolds. The concentration of nanohydroxyapatite significantly affected the degradation rate. An increase in the crystallinity of the amorphous portion of the polymer was observed. This increased crystallinity was more pronounced in the pure PLCL samples than in those with more nHA. During the degradation process, we observed the appearance of multiple micropores on the scaffold walls as the hydrolysis process progressed and, by the sixth week, the remains of the degradation products were visible on the pore walls.     

Preparation of elastic chitosan/poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) macroporous scaffolds by acetylation and particulate leaching

For soft tissue engineering applications, 3-D macroporous acetylated chitosan/poly(l-lactideco-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds were prepared by acetylation and particulate leaching using sodium acetate in an acidic water/dioxane solution. Acetylated 5 wt% chitosan/PLCL scaffold of 90% porosity was determined and confirmed through various tests. The physiochemical properties of acetylated chitosan/PLCL hybrid scaffolds were examined by measuring water contact angles, pore morphology and interconnectivity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dye release testing. In addition, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending stress recovery for determining the elasticity of scaffolds were measured. The fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 was used to test relative cell affinities for the acetylated chitosan/PLCL vs. normal chitosan/PLCL films and porous scaffolds. The acetylated chitosan/PLCL films and scaffolds showed a high initial cell adhesion after 4 h of cell culture and increased cell proliferation compared to that of the control. The acetylated chitosan/PLCL scaffolds produced by particulate leaching showed a highly porous structure and improved the biocompatibility and stability of chitosan compared to that of chitosan-coated PLCL scaffolds. Thus, these scaffolds may be very useful for a variety of tissue engineering applications.     

Poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) blends for biomedical application: Physical properties,cell compatibility,and in vitro degradation behavior

Poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) blends of various compositions were prepared. Fractured sections of PLCL/PLGA blends did not evidence phase separation and blend glass transition temperatures suggested some degree of blend compatibility. The elastic modulus showed a negative deviation from the additive law of mixture. Superior biocompatibility in terms of fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell adhesion and proliferation, better mechanical properties, and a more homogeneous phase were obtained with PLCL/PLGA 25/75 blend. Rapid degradation of PLCL phase (4–8 weeks) in PLCL/PLGA 25/75 blend led to a porous structure, which makes it a potential candidate for drug delivery systems.     

Production, mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of highly aligned porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds

We produced highly aligned porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds by unidirectionally freezing PCL/HA solutions with various HA contents (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt% in relation to the PCL polymer) and evaluated their mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility to examine their potential applications in bone tissue engineering. All the prepared scaffolds had a highly aligned porous structure, in which the HA particles were uniformly dispersed in the PCL walls. The elastic modulus of the PCL/HA scaffolds significantly increased from 0.12 ± 0.02 to 2.65 ± 0.05 MPa with increasing initial HA content from 0 to 20 wt%, whereas the pore size decreased from 9.2 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.8 μm. In addition, the PCL/HA scaffolds showed considerably enhanced in vitro cellular responses that were assessed in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation.     

Nano-hydroxyapatite formation via co-precipitation with chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in coil and globule states for tissue engineering application

With the excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) has shown significant prospect in the biomedical applications. Controlling the size, crystallinity and surface properties of nHA crystals is a critical challenge in the design of HA based biomaterials. With the graft copolymer of chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in coil and globule states as a template respectively, a novel composite from chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and nano-hydroxyapatite (CS-g-PNIPAM/nHA) was prepared via co-precipitation. Zeta potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to identify the formation mechanism of the CS-g-PNIPAM/nHA composite and its morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that the physical aggregation states of the template polymer could induce or control the size, crystallinity and morphology of HA crystals in the CS-g-PNIPAM/nHA composite. The CS-g-PNIPAM/nHA composite was then introduced to chitosan-gelatin (CS-Gel) polyelectronic complex and the cytocompatibility of the resulting CS-Gel/composite hybrid film was evaluated. This hybrid film was proved to be favorable for the proliferation of MC 3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, the CS-g-PNIPAM/nHA composite is a potential biomaterial in bone tissue engineering.     

碳纤维增强聚合物组织工程支架的制备及表征

以碳纤维（CF）作为增强材料,将CF有序排列于聚乳酸羟基乙酸（PLGA）多孔结构中,制备性能优良的CF/PLGA复合支架,并对其力学性能及细胞生物学性能进行表征.对增强体CF进行有序排列以提高支架的力学性能,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察CF/PLGA复合支架的微观形貌,可以看出CF在聚合物基体内部是呈有序结构并且二者结合情况良好.为了提高CF的生物相容性,利用对氨基苯甲酸对CF进行表面修饰,细胞生长在支架上的SEM照片反映了成纤维细胞对PLGA及CF/PLGA复合支架的黏附性能良好;通过细胞毒性测试,发现表面修饰的CF对细胞的生长没有负面作用,且在一定程度上促进了细胞的生长.研究结果表明,制备的CF/PLGA支架具有良好的力学性能和生物相容性,在骨组织工程支架的应用中具有一定的潜力.     

Investigation of mechanical properties of porous composite scaffolds with tailorable degradation kinetics after in vitro degradation using digital image correlation

Tissue engineering combines artificial scaffolds and living cells in order to reconstruct damaged tissues and organs. The biodegradable scaffolds should maintain their mechanical properties during first stages of the regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent the degradation affects the mechanical stability of novel biodegradable composite scaffolds in relation to their composition. The scaffolds were made using fused deposition modeling. They were composed of ternary composites containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), 5 wt% of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and 5, 15, and 25 wt% of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA). Scaffolds made of pristine PCL and binary composite PCL–TCP were tested as reference samples. The degradation experiment was carried out in simulated body fluid at 37°C for 12 weeks. Mechanical tests were carried out in a mechanical tester. Strain was measured using digital image correlation and crossbar displacement. Chemical composition had a significant effect on initial mechanical properties and their changes during degradation. The initial apparent Young's modulus of ternary composite scaffolds was two times higher than that of PCL–TCP. Higher PLGA concentration yielded faster decrease of the mechanical properties. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences of the modulus among all tested materials although degradation of the ternary composite scaffolds was significantly advanced. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2402–2410, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Poly(ε‐caprolactone) composite scaffolds loaded with gentamicin‐containing β‐tricalcium phosphate/gelatin microspheres for bone tissue engineering applications

In this study, novel poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) composite scaffolds were prepared for bone tissue engineering applications, where gentamicin‐loaded β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP)/gelatin microspheres were added to PCL. The effects of the amount of β‐TCP/gelatin microspheres added to the PCL scaffold on various properties, such as the gentamicin release rate, biodegradability, morphology, mechanical strength, and pore size distribution, were investigated. A higher amount of filler caused a reduction in the mechanical properties and an increase in the pore size and led to a faster release of gentamicin. Human osteosarcoma cells (Saos‐2) were seeded on the prepared composite scaffolds, and the viability of cells having alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed for all of the scaffolds after 3 weeks of incubation. Cell proliferation and differentiation enhanced the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. Promising results were obtained for the development of bone cells on the prepared biocompatible, biodegradable, and antimicrobial composite scaffolds. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40110.     

PLGA/SF blend scaffolds modified with plasmid complexes for enhancing proliferation of endothelial cells

Biomimetic scaffolds have been investigated for vascular tissue engineering for many years. However, the design of an ideal biodegradable vascular scaffold is still in progress. The optimization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/silk fibroin (PLGA/SF) blend composition was performed to provide the designed scaffolds with adequate mechanical properties and favorable biocompatibility for the intended application. By systematically varying the weight ratio of PLGA and SF, we could control fiber diameter and hydrophilicity as well as mechanical properties of the fibrous scaffolds. These scaffolds with a weight ratio of PLGA/SF at 70/30 exhibited excellent performance, such as tensile strength of 1.5 ± 0.1 MPa, and elongation at break of 77.4 ± 6.4%. Therefore, PLGA/SF scaffold with a weight ratio of 70/30 was chose as the matrix because it matches at best the mechanical demands for application in vascular tissue engineering. In order to promote the endothelialization of electrospun scaffolds, we used pEGFP-ZNF580 plasmid (pZNF580) complexes to modify the electrospun scaffolds by electrospraying technique. pZNF580 complexes were prepared from pZNF580 and microparticles (MPs) of amphiphilic copolymer methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(3(S)-methyl-2,5-morpholinedione-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethyleneimine. Negatively charged PLGA/SF fibers adsorbed the positively charged MPs via physical deposition and electrostatic force. Scanning electron microscope image indicated the forming of composite scaffold and MPs did not change fiber’s shape and 3-D structure. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that the scaffolds modified with MPs/pZNF580 complexes could promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth and inhibit human umbilical artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Our results indicated that the composite scaffolds with MPs/pZNF580 complexes could be used as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.     

Additive Manufacturing of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Biphasic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biopolyesters whose biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental sustainability, processing versatility, and mechanical properties make them unique scaffolding polymer candidates for tissue engineering. The development of innovative biomaterials suitable for advanced Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers new opportunities for the fabrication of customizable tissue engineering scaffolds. In particular, the blending of polymers represents a useful strategy to develop AM scaffolding materials tailored to bone tissue engineering. In this study, scaffolds from polymeric blends consisting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were fabricated employing a solution-extrusion AM technique, referred to as Computer-Aided Wet-Spinning (CAWS). The scaffold fibers were constituted by a biphasic system composed of a continuous PHBV matrix and a dispersed PLGA phase which established a microfibrillar morphology. The influence of the blend composition on the scaffold morphological, physicochemical, and biological properties was demonstrated by means of different characterization techniques. In particular, increasing the content of PLGA in the starting solution resulted in an increase in the pore size, the wettability, and the thermal stability of the scaffolds. Overall, in vitro biological experiments indicated the suitability of the scaffolds to support murine preosteoblast cell colonization and differentiation towards an osteoblastic phenotype, highlighting higher proliferation for scaffolds richer in PLGA.