马氏体不锈钢成分、工艺和耐蚀性的进展

介绍了马氏体铬不锈钢、马氏体铬镍不锈钢和马氏体时效不锈钢的进展和发展动态,讨论了化学成分、热加工、热处理工艺对马氏体不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响。当前国内开发的新型马氏体不锈钢主要为符合给定服役条件的专用钢类。优化化学成分,提高钢的纯净度,通过热加工和热处理工艺控制钢的组织,进行表面处理是提高马氏体不锈钢耐蚀性的有效途径。     

泰山钢铁马氏体不锈钢系列产品的开发

介绍了泰山钢铁马氏体不锈钢产品开发历程。从化学成分、组织、性能以及重点控制工艺方面,介绍了泰山钢铁开发生产的Cr13系列马氏体不锈钢、含氮耐蚀马氏体不锈钢、个性化定制马氏体不锈钢以及高端马氏体不锈钢产品的特点。     

烧结马氏体不锈钢的热处理

本文对烧结 4 10马氏体不锈钢的淬、回火行为进行了研究 ,分析了热处理工艺参数对该种烧结马氏体不锈钢硬度的影响 ,为优化烧结 4 10马氏体不锈钢的热处理工艺提供了技术参考     

马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb冶炼工艺研究

通过对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb的冶炼工艺过程控制的思考、分析和总结，提出了马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb有别于传统的冶炼工艺路线—“EF（N）＋VOD”,为缩短生产周期、提高金属回收率、降低生产成本开创了新的思路，并在生产试验中取得了较为满意的效果，对17—4PH、2Cr12NiW1Mo1V等汽轮机叶片用钢的冶炼工艺优化具有一定的指导意义。     

2Cr13A马氏体不锈钢纵裂漏钢机理及控制

针对2Cr13A马氏体不锈钢属于包晶钢以及马氏体不锈钢的物理特性,结合邢钢炼钢厂6#连铸机生产实际情况,分析了2Cr13A马氏体不锈钢纵裂纹和纵裂漏钢形成的机理,提出了优化工艺措施,使纵裂漏钢得到有效控制。     

2Cr13N马氏体不锈钢纵裂形成机理和控制

针对2Cr13N马氏体不锈钢属于包晶钢的特点,采用ThermalCalc软件计算了2Cr13N马氏体不锈钢的相图。结果表明:2Cr13N马氏体不锈钢在凝固过程中产生约5%的体积收缩,易产生裂纹和凹陷。从凝固组织、初始坯壳受力和化学成分等方面综述了纵裂纹形成机理。分析了浇铸速度、结晶器保护渣、结晶器锥度、一次冷却和二次冷却等工艺和操作对此类不锈钢连铸板坯纵裂发生率的影响,并提出优化工艺,运用于生产实践,降低了2Cr13N马氏体不锈连铸坯纵裂率。     

Cr13型马氏体热轧不锈钢退火酸洗生产探讨

介绍了不锈钢轧钢厂采用全氢罩式退火和连续酸洗工艺生产Cr13型马氏体热轧不锈钢白皮卷的工艺,重点探讨了罩式退火及酸洗过程中的关键质量控制技术,所生产的钢卷表面质量良好,力学性能指标符合标准要求,一级品率达到98.6%以上。     

410马氏体烧结不锈钢材料

研究了合金元素、粉末退火、压制、烧结等工艺参数对4lO马氏体烧结不锈钢材料性能的影响。性能对比和实际应用表明,我们所研制的马氏体烧结不锈钢材料(FJ4lO)与国外同类材料水平相当。     

不锈钢概论（9）

3马氏体不锈钢的发展和性能特点马氏体不锈钢是一类可通过热处理（淬火、回火）①对其性能进行调整的不锈钢。按它们的成分特点可分为马氏体铬不锈钢（Fe—Cr—C马氏体不锈钢）和马氏体铬镍不锈钢（Fe—Cr—Ni马氏体不锈钢）。     

用等离子旋转电极工艺生产高氮钢

为了寻求高效、经济的高氮钢生产工艺,用等离子旋转电极工艺(PREP)生产高氮钢并测试了所生产的几种典型高氮钢的性能。结果表明,氮可显著地提高奥氏体不锈钢1．4301的室温及高温强度;氮可以提高马氏体不锈钢的强度。为保证高氮马氏体不锈钢的淬透性,应根据氮含量适当降低其碳含量或提高铬含量。对于铬含量为17％的马氏体不锈钢1．4122,其碳和氮的总含量不应超过0．65％;当氮含量达到0．24％时,铁素体不锈钢1．4016转变成为马氏体钢,其强度高于碳和氮的总含量与其相当的普通马氏体不锈钢1．4122。     

Influence of PreTransformed Martensite on WorkHardening Behavior of SUS 304 Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

 The metastable austenite was transformed to martensite by prestrain tension of SUS304 stainless steel to study the influence of transformed martensite on its subsequent work hardening behavior under the uniaxial tensile condition. The X ray diffractometer (XRD) was employed to detect the transformed martensite. Results showed that the volume fraction of transformed martensite increases with increasing prestrain. The pre transformed martensite in the microstructure remarkably affects the deformation behavior of the steel, and the strength increases and the elongation decreases. The work hardening curve of prestrained specimens observably changes with true strain. The work hardening exponent n of stainless steel decreases with the increase of pre transformed martensite. The achievement is a significant contribution to the process design during pressing.     

Influence of Pre-Transformed Martensite on Work-Hardening Behavior of SUS 304 Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

The metastable austenite was transformed to martensite by prestrain tension of SUS304 stainless steel to study the influence of transformed martensite on its subsequent work-hardening behavior under the uniaxial tensile condition. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was employed to detect the transformed martensite. Results showed that the volume fraction of transformed martensite increases with increasing prestrain. The pre-transformed martensite in the microstructure remarkably affects the deformation behavior of the steel, and the strength increases and the elongation decreases. The work-hardening curve of prestrained specimens observably changes with true strain. The work-hardening exponent n of stainless steel decreases with the increase of pre-transformed martensite. The achievement is a significant contribution to the process design during pressing.     

Post-weld Tempered Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Laser-Arc Welded Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel CA6NM

Manufacturing of hydroelectric turbine components involves the assembly of thick-walled stainless steels using conventional multi-pass arc welding processes. By contrast, hybrid laser-arc welding may be an attractive process for assembly of such materials to realize deeper penetration depths, higher production rates, narrower fusion, and heat-affected zones, and lower distortion. In the present work, single-pass hybrid laser-arc welding of 10-mm thick CA6NM, a low carbon martensitic stainless steel, was carried out in the butt joint configuration using a continuous wave fiber laser at its maximum power of 5.2 kW over welding speeds ranging from 0.75 to 1.2 m/minute. The microstructures across the weldment were characterized after post-weld tempering at 873 K (600 °C) for 1 hour. From microscopic examinations, the fusion zone was observed to mainly consist of tempered lath martensite and some residual delta-ferrite. The mechanical properties were evaluated in the post-weld tempered condition and correlated to the microstructures and defects. The ultimate tensile strength and Charpy impact energy values of the fully penetrated welds in the tempered condition were acceptable according to ASTM, ASME, and industrial specifications, which bodes well for the introduction of hybrid laser-arc welding technology for the manufacturing of next generation hydroelectric turbine components.     

430铁素体不锈钢板坯组织分析

采用金相显微镜(OM)对430铁素体不锈钢板坯宏观组织和金相组织进行检测,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和差热分析的方法对板坯中物相进行分析,并用电子探针(EPMA)确定铸坯中元素分布。结果表明:430不锈钢铸坯试样在加热过程中发生了铁素体和奥氏体的相变,X射线衍射图谱中只有体心立方的α相峰位;430不锈钢板坯宏观组织由柱状晶和等轴晶组成;板坯金相组织由铁素体基体和长条状、块状的马氏体组成,存在成分偏析;柱状晶区金相组织中马氏体质量分数为30％,而等轴晶区金相组织中马氏体质量分数为14％。     

防护型车用超高强钢的焊接性及焊接工艺

常规工艺大都采用奥氏体、铁素体不锈钢焊丝焊接来避免出现焊接裂纹等缺陷,然而采用这类焊丝焊接的接头抗拉强度和硬度会大幅降低,使得车辆的防护性能也随之降低甚至失效。为了使超高强钢焊接接头的强度和硬度达到较高的使用要求,针对超高强钢(抗拉强度1 500MPa以上)的焊接性及焊接工艺进行了研究。通过理论分析,选取了与母材组织匹配的超低碳马氏体不锈钢焊材,制定了与之匹配的工艺方法及参数,使得焊接后接头与母材组织均为马氏体组织,且有效消除了焊接裂纹等缺陷,从而实现了焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材抗拉强度的70%以上,硬度与母材硬度相当的目标。在试验过程中,采用最经济的MAG焊焊接方法和较容易控制的预热温度,较为经济地满足了工业化生产应用。     

The effect of quenching on the solidification structure and transformation behavior of stainless steel welds

Weld solidification structure of three different types of stainless steel,i.e., 310 austenitic, 309 and 304 semiaustenitic, and 430 ferritic, was investigated. Welds of each material were made without any quenching, with water quenching, and with liquid-tin quenching during welding. The weld micro-structure obtained was explained with the help of the pseudobinary phase diagrams for Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-C systems. It was found that, due to the postsolidification 5 → γ phase transformation in 309 and 304 stainless steels and the rapid homogenization of microsegregation in 430 stainless steel, their weld solidification structure could not be observed unless quenched from the solidification range with liquid tin. Moreover, the formation of acicular austenite, and hence, martensite, at the grain boundaries of 430 stainless steel welds was eliminated completely when quenched with liquid tin. The weld solidification structure of 310 stainless steel, on the other hand, was essentially unaffected by quenching. Based upon the observations made, the weld microstructure of these stainless steels was summarized. The effect of cooling rate on the formation of primary austenite in 309 stainless steel welds was discussed. Finally, a simple method for determining the relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing and the solidification time, based on welding speeds and weld pool configurations, was suggested.     

Characterization of friction surfaced martensitic stainless steel (AISI 410) coatings

Friction surfacing is a candidate process for depositing corrosion and wear resistant coatings. Being a solid-state process, it offers several advantages over conventional fusion welding based surfacing process. In the current work, martensitic stainless steel AISI 410 was friction surfaced over mild steel substrates. Coating microstructures were characterized using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Xray diffraction. Coatings in as-deposited condition exhibited a fully martensitic microstructure and were found to be quite hard (with an average hardness of 460 HV). Bend and shear tests indicated excellent coating/substrate bonding. Overall, the current work shows that martensitic stainless steel AISI 410 can be satisfactorily friction surfaced on mild steel.     

奥氏体不锈钢液压管路焊后固溶处理

阐述了奥氏体不锈钢液压管路焊后焊缝固溶处理工艺,该工艺优化了焊口组织结构,提高了焊接质量。大大降低了不锈钢液压管路在生产运行中的漏油次数。     

淬火温度对不同铬含量的低碳马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：为研究淬火温度对不同铬含量的马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响,采用高温共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、光镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、万能拉伸机、显微硬度计等方法对材料组织和性能进行了测试及表征。随着淬火温度的升高,不锈钢淬火后的晶粒尺寸都变大,计算确定了13%Cr和14%Cr不锈钢的晶界迁移能分别为113.62和125.92J/mol。13%Cr不锈钢经过淬火后显微组织为板条马氏体,回火后的组织为回火马氏体。但是,14%Cr不锈钢在1200℃淬火后生成了板条马氏体和少量的高温铁素体,并且在回火后高温铁素体并未消失,会对后续性能产生影响。淬火温度对不锈钢的强度影响不大。不锈钢中的铬质量分数从13%增加至14%,马氏体不锈钢强度增加,但伸长率有所降低。马氏体不锈钢的硬度随淬火温度的升高而下降,这主要与晶粒尺寸有关。     

Effect of Welding Processes and Consumables on Tensile and Impact Properties of High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steel Joints

Quenched and tempered steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking in the heat affected zone after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. In this investigation, an attempt was made to determine a suitable consumable to replace expensive austenitic consumables. Two different consumables, namely, austenitie stain less steel and low hydrogen ferritic steel, were used to fabricate the joints by shielded metal are welding （SMAW） and flux cored arc welding （FCAW） processes. The joints fabricated by using low hydrogen ferritic steel consumables showed superior transverse tensile properties, whereas joints fabricated by using austenitic stainless steel consumables exhibited better impact toughness, irrespective of the welding process used. The SMAW joints exhibited superior mechanical and impact properties, irrespective of the consumables used, than their FCAW counterparts.