钨/氟改性氧化铜陶瓷的导电性质与热敏特性

为了探索开发具有电阻负温度系数(NTC)的新型热敏陶瓷材料,采用湿化学方法合成和制备了W/F掺杂改性的CuO基陶瓷(Cu_1-yW_yO:F_x,x为0.01~0.07,y为0~0.006)。利用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、电阻-温度测试及电化学交流阻抗等手段对所制备的陶瓷材料的物相组成、微观组织、导电性质及电阻-温度特性进行了测试分析。结果表明,掺杂F能在较大范围内调节CuO陶瓷体的室温电阻率,W/F共掺CuO陶瓷具有优异的NTC特性,适当的W/F掺杂能获得NTC材料常数达5084 K。W/F共掺CuO陶瓷的电子导电性和NTC特性由材料的晶粒（块体）效应和晶界效应共同贡献而成;陶瓷材料的导电模型包含半导体材料的能带理论导电机制和热激活电子跃迁导电模型。      

Al2O3含量对ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷材料微观结构和力学性能的影响

以陶瓷纺织剪刀为应用目标。开发成功ZrO2／Al2O3复相陶瓷材料，并对其微观结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明。随着Al2O3含量的增加，材料晶粒逐渐减小，材料中t相ZrO2的含量呈上升趋势。这有利于材料断裂韧度和横向断裂强度的提高；当Al2O3含量（质量分数）为20％左右时，ZrCh／Al2O3复相陶瓷材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料制备工艺研究进展

综合阐述了合成Ti3AlC2新型陶瓷材料的几种主要的制备方法.由于三元层状陶瓷材料Ti3AlC2具有特殊的结构特征,因此它同时具备金属和陶瓷的双重优点.从粉体材料和块体材料两方面,分别介绍了Ti3AlC2的几种主要的制备方法,有自蔓延高温合成(SHS)、无压合成(PLS)、机械合金化(MA)或机械诱发自蔓延反应合成(MSR)、放电等离子烧结(SPS)、热压烧结(HP)以及热等静压(HIP)烧结.     

Al2O3/Cr3C2/(W,Ti)C陶瓷模具材料研究

应用热压技术制备了添加不同含量Cr3C2和（W，Ti）C的Al2O3／Cr3C2／（W，Ti）C复合陶瓷材料。利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析仪等对～203／30％Cr3C2、Al2O3／30％（W，Ti）C、Al2O3／20％Cr3C2／10％（W，Ti）C三种复合陶瓷材料的显微组织结构进行了观察分析。研究表明：同其它两种材料相比，Al2O3／20％Cr3C2／10％（W，Ti）C陶瓷复合材料组织细化均匀，有连续骨架结构生成。Cr3G和（W，Ti）C颗粒的共同加入有利于晶粒生长的制约，裂纹分枝与偏转、晶粒拔出、以及纳米相等等，有效提高了氧化铝陶瓷材料的力学性能。     

Ga掺杂ZnO陶瓷的电子导电性与NTC热敏特性

为开发新型电阻负温度系数(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)热敏陶瓷材料,采用湿化学法制备Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)陶瓷Zn_(1-x)Ga_xO(x分别为0.005,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04和0.05)。利用X射线衍射分析材料的相组成,用扫描电镜观察陶瓷的微观结构,通过电阻-温度曲线和交流阻抗谱研究GZO陶瓷的电子导电性和温度敏感特性。结果表明,GZO陶瓷材料具有六方纤锌矿晶体结构;Ga掺杂能明显改善ZnO的电子导电性,GZO陶瓷的电阻率随温度升高呈指数关系降低,呈现优异的NTC特性。Zn_(1-x)Ga_xO陶瓷的NTC材料常数为4 196~5 975 K。其电子导电性和NTC性质由呈现半导体性质的晶粒效应和热激活导电的晶界效应共同贡献。     

我国纳米复相陶瓷制备研究达到国际水平

由中科院上海硅酸盐研究所高濂研究员主持完成的———晶内型氧化物基纳米复相陶瓷的制备科学与性能研究 ,由于在纳米复相陶瓷的制备研究方面达到国际领先水平 ,最近荣获 2 0 0 3年上海市科学技术进步一等奖。课题组开创性地提出了陶瓷材料晶内型纳米增强增韧的新概念 ,首次采用原位包裹法合成高均匀性、高烧结活性的复合纳米陶瓷粉体 ,首创用放电等离子体烧结技术 (SPS)实现了陶瓷材料的超快速烧结 ,制备出了多种高性能晶内型氧化物基纳米复相陶瓷。其中 ,采用上述技术制备的SiC Al2 O3纳米复相陶瓷 ,其抗弯强度由基体材料的 35 0MPa提…     

等离子活化烧结Ta-2Ti-xTiC复合材料的微观结构与力学性能

采用等离子活化烧结法制备Ta-2Ti-xTiC(x=0、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0,质量分数,%)复合材料,研究TiC对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随TiC含量增加,复合材料的致密度先升高后降低,Ta-2Ti-0.5TiC的致密度达到最高值99.5%。加入TiC可抑制晶粒生长,晶粒尺寸随TiC含量增加而减小,TiC质量分数为4.0%时,晶粒尺寸减小至2.98μm。TiC在高温下发生脱碳反应,生成的C与Ta反应原位生成高硬度的Ta₂C陶瓷相,起到桥接基体晶粒与阻碍裂纹扩展的作用。随Si C含量增加,Ta-2Ti-TiC复合材料的硬度和抗磨强度提高,这得益于晶粒细化与原位生成的Ta₂C高硬度陶瓷相。     

B4C含量对ZrB2陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响

针对ZrB₂陶瓷粉末在球磨时易掺入ZrO2,影响ZrB₂陶瓷烧结致密化的问题,添加B₄C作为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结法制备ZrB₂陶瓷材料,研究B₄C含量(w(B₄C),下同)对材料微观形貌、硬度与抗弯强度的影响。结果表明,B₄C通过与晶粒表面的ZrO2发生反应,抑制ZrB₂晶粒粗化,减小晶粒尺寸,从而提高烧结致密度。随B₄C含量增加,ZrB₂陶瓷的晶粒尺寸和相对密度逐渐增大,抗弯强度和硬度先升高后降低。当w(B₄C)为7%时,ZrB₂晶粒细小,材料的抗弯强度和硬度(HV)达到最大,分别为242 MPa和12.65 GPa。w(B₄C)增加至9%时,出现晶粒异常长大,材料力学性能下降。     

超声空化对陶瓷刀具材料晶粒生长的影响

为了研究超声无压烧结陶瓷刀具材料时超声空化对晶粒生长的影响,分析了气孔在熔融金属中发生超声空化的条件,建立了含有空化泡的晶粒模型,讨论了超声空化对晶粒的作用,并采用蒙特卡罗法模拟了未施加和施加超声下的晶粒生长过程,研究了超声空化对晶粒生长过程的影响。结果表明:当空化泡的半径介于1 μm～2 μm时,超声波的声压阈值为8.02×106 Pa,频率阈值为2.00×106 Hz;超声空化可增大晶格振动频率和振动能量,阻碍晶粒生长,起到细化晶粒和减小孔洞的作用。     

低温球磨法制备块体纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金

采用低温球磨法制备了纳米晶Al—Zn—Mg—Cu系铝合金粉末，对纳米晶粉末进行真空热压，获得纳米晶铝合金块体。采用显微分析方法研究了纳米晶粉末和块体材料的微观组织结构：试验结果表明，纳米晶铝合金粉末具有良好的热稳定性，热压块体的平均晶粒尺寸在100nm以下。低温球磨所得铝合金粉末晶粒尺寸为48nm；真空退火试验表明其具有良好的热稳定性；热压块体的平均晶粒尺寸在100nm以下。     

Structure and properties of hybrid composite materials

The structure and interfacial interaction are studied in the hybrid aluminum-matrix composite materials fabricated by reactive casting combined with mechanical mixing of fillers with a metallic melt. The following types of hardening are considered: hardening by ceramic particles and by the phases formed as isolated inclusions or coatings on ceramic particles during in situ reactions. The hardness and tribological properties of the composite materials as functions of their compositions are discussed.     

Growth characteristics of directionally solidified Al203/YAG/ZrO2 ternary hypereutectic in situ composites under ultra-high temperature gradient

Oxide eutectic ceramic in situ composites have attracted significant interest in the application of high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent high-temperature strength,oxidation and creep resistance,as well as outstanding microstructural stability.The directionally solidified ternary Al_2O_3/YAG/ZrO_2 hypereutectic in situ composite was successfully prepared by a laser zone remelting method,aiming to investigate the growth characteristic under ultra-high temperature gradient.The microstrucnrres and phase composition of the as-solidified hypereutectic were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the composite presents a typical hypereutectic lamellar microstructure consisting of fine A1203 and YAG phases,and the enriched ZrO_2 phases with smaller sizes are randomly distributed at the Al2O3/YAG interface and in Al_2O_3 phases.Laser power and scanning rate strongly affect the sample quality and microstructure characteristic.Additionally,coarse colony microstructures were also observed,and their formation and the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure were discussed.     

Nucleation Criteria for the Formation of Aluminum Nitride in Aluminum Matrix by Nitridation

Synthesis of in situ metal matrix composites using liquid metallurgy technique involves processing the melt to generate ceramic particles and entrap them into the matrix during solidification. The process parameters such as temperature, holding time and buoyancy effect generated in the molten bath are crucial factors governing the size and distribution of ceramic particles into the matrix. Temperature being most important parameter and its role is easy to comprehend for in situ formation of ceramic particles using established nucleation criteria. In the present research paper, thermodynamic study is carried to understand the role of temperature on formation of aluminum nitride by nitridation of aluminum melt using ammonium chloride and calcium oxide. Mechanism of aluminum nitride formation by heterogeneous nucleation and its growth has also been discussed based on the nucleation theory. An attempt is also made to correlate nucleation theory for the formation of AlN in Al matrix at different temperatures. The mechanical behavior under compressive loading is carried out on synthesized composites to understand its capability to withstand static loading. Composite strength is analyzed and attempt is made to correlate nucleation dynamics of AlN particles.     

活性填料对聚碳硅烷基悬浮液直写成形3D碳化硅的影响

分别采用纳米钛粉(Ti)和氧化亚镍粉(NiO)为活性填料,聚碳硅烷(polycarbosilane,PCS)为碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷先驱体,以正己烷作为溶剂制备浆料,然后通过3D直写成形和高温裂解制备SiC陶瓷基复合材料,对浆料的流变性能以及SiC陶瓷基复合材料的物相和微观形貌进行表征,研究活性填料纳米Ti粉和纳米NiO粉对3D-SiC陶瓷基复合材料的物相与微观形貌的影响。结果表明,浆料的黏度与PCS的质量分数成正比,具有剪切变稀现象,w(PCS)为75%的浆料具有稳定的打印性能。纳米Ti粉可有效降低成形坯体热处理过程中的质量损失率和线收缩率。随m(Ti)/m(PCS)的值从0增加到1.0,1 450℃高温裂解后陶瓷的质量损失率和线收缩率分别由18.29%和24.38%降低至14.05%和12.13%,所得陶瓷包含Ti C和SiC两相,相比于Ti粉,NiO可作为SiC的表面修饰催化剂,并通过气-液-固(V-L-S)生长机制使SiC陶瓷表面原位生长SiC晶须团簇。     

Preparation and Easy-Cleaning Property of Rare Earth Composite Ceramic

Rare earth and far-infrared mineral composite materials were added to ceramic glazes to prepare easy-cleaning ceramic. The morphology of easy-cleaning ceramic was observed by SEM. The influence of easy-cleaning ceramic on water surface tension and contact angles of water were investigated. Through calculation of ceramic surface free energy and observation of oil drop on ceramic surface in water, the easy-cleaning mechanism of rare earth composite ceramic was studied. It is found that the rare earth composite ceramic can make water surface tension decrease. The surface free energy and the polar component of rare earth composite ceramic are increased. The rare earth composite ceramics have the easy-cleaning property.     

铜渣改质、磁选及磁选尾渣制备陶瓷的基础研究

针对铜渣难以高效利用的现状,提出以赤泥为改质剂,在熔融铜渣排渣过程中对其进行改质,以提高凝固冷渣磁选率,并进一步将磁选尾渣制备为陶瓷材料的新工艺.本文在铜渣中加入不同掺量的赤泥并经过熔融、冷却、磁选和尾渣制陶工艺获得了磁选铁精粉和尾渣陶瓷产品,通过XRD、SEM等方法研究赤泥对铜渣含铁组分磁选效果的影响,以及磁选尾渣制...     

Composition, Processing Technology and Property of Ceramic Die Materials Containing Rare Earth Additives

Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.     

钢纤维与硅氧铝陶瓷纤维对树脂基摩擦材料性能的影响

钢纤维和陶瓷纤维由于各自的特性在摩擦材料行业中成为非常重要的非石棉纤维.采用粉末冶金法制备纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料,对比研究以钢纤维和硅氧铝陶瓷纤维作为增强材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦和磨损性能的影响.结果表明,硅氧铝陶瓷纤维和钢纤维对材料摩擦因数和磨损率的影响均较复杂;钢纤维的添加量(质量百分数)为20%-25%、硅氧铝陶...     

Effect of Rare Earth Composite Ceramic Materials on Oil Combustion of Oil-Burning Boiler

The rare earth composite ceramic materials were prepared using rare earths and far infrared natural mineral. The effects of the as-prepared ceramic materials on the oil consumption and air pollutants emissions of oil-burning boiler were investigated. The results show that the composite ceramic materials can radiate higher intensity of far infrared. The molecular movement is strengthened and the chemical bonds of the molecules are easily ruptured when the diesel oil is dealt with the composite materials. The oil-saving rate of the RBS·VH-1.5 boiler dealt with the rare earth composite ceramic materials is 3.49%, and the reducing rates of CO and NO in the exhaust gas are 25.4% and 9.7%, respectively.     

蓄热室新型蓄热体的研究进展

综述了蓄热室蓄热体的基本性质要求，总结了三种典型的新型陶瓷蓄热体的热工性能参数，给出了选择合适蓄热体的一些建议，详细介绍了无机盐／陶瓷基复合蓄热体的特点、选材原则和制备工艺，并探讨了它用于蓄热室的可行性和节能意义。