激光气体遥测仪整机测试系统自动化测试软件设计

激光气体遥测仪是基于红外气体吸收光谱原理,采用先进的可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术分析测量被测区域(如传输管道、天花板、墙体等)内的甲烷气体平均浓度的新型仪表。性能优良的激光气体遥测仪表已在许多危险领域得到了广泛的应用,但是,目前整机测试系统流程复杂、费时、低效。结合相关生产实践开发一种较为实用的整机测试自动化软件,以提高整机测试的效率。目前已有效地帮助生产相关人员快速、准确地完成整机测试流程。     

TDLAS一氧化碳浓度检测系统误差分配

在利用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术测量一氧化碳(CO)气体浓度时,反演精度受光强、温度、压强等的影响,需要对系统的总体误差进行分析与分配.为了提高TDLAS的测量精度,降低多项误差对测量的影响,本文提出了对系统各个测量误差的分配方法.首先建立了CO浓度反演的误差模型,基于二次谐波测量原理引入了二次谐波峰值、光强、驱动电...     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术测量低温流场水汽露点温度

露点温度是表征气体状态的一个重要参数,针对低温环境的低露点温度精确、快速、连续、原位测量的迫切需要,提出了可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术对水汽露点温度测量的方案。首先与安徽省气象局的冷镜式露点仪一起对比测量标准温湿度箱内的露点温度,验证波长为1 381nm的TDLAS系统露点温度测量的可行性及精度,然后结合一套开放式的测量装置,进行低温度环境(最低温度100K)水汽露点温度原位测量。得到了实时的露点温度值,其中TDLAS露点测量结果与冷镜式露点仪测量结果一致性较好(相差小于1K),TDLAS测量的时间分辨率为0.83s,远远快于冷镜式露点仪的时间响应速度。对于更低气体温度的露点测量,获得了与气体温度变化趋势相同的露点温度,同时得到了随着环境温度降低,水汽逐渐趋向饱和的结论。     

激光分析仪在型煤炉制气半水煤气氧含量分析中的应用

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术的西门子的SITRANS SL激光气体分析仪在型煤制气中的应用。根据实际情况,对其光路结构进行改造,以满足现场需求。     

基于TDLAS的高温光谱参数测量方法研究

准确测量流场温度有助于了解燃烧机理,提高燃烧效率。论文提出了一种基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)的流场检测方法,通过特定组份对激光的吸收精确测量流场温度、组分浓度等信息,可以用于燃烧场分析,实现发动机性能评价等。设计了测量平台,以常见的水分子吸收谱线为研究对象,对测量方法进行了验证。针对目前TDLAS在测量高温时没有精确的光谱参数支撑这一主要问题,改进了现有的测量设备,提高了可测量温度范围,为TDLAS分析高温流场提供了理论基础。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术在冻干机中的应用方案研究

冷冻干燥是一种低温低压下在封闭环境中除去水分的药品生产工艺,工艺条件要求较高。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术是一种气体在线监测技术,具有灵敏度高、抗干扰、易于调谐等诸多优点,可将其运用于冻干机中,在药品生产过程中通过监测水蒸气的升华速率以判断两次干燥过程的终点,提升药品质量。现论述了冷冻干燥和TDLAS的一般原理以及国内外近阶段对TDLAS的研究成果,探讨了将两者结合的可行性,分析了运用TDLAS技术监测水蒸气的优势和难点,并设计出了监测方案。     

隔离段内激波位置对TDLAS测量结果影响规律研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)可以实现流场多组分、多参数的测量,具有其极强的环境适应性,可以用于超燃冲压发动机流场测量。为了研究超燃冲压发动机流场中激波对TDLAS测量的影响,利用计算流体力学方法(CFD)模拟了四种马赫数条件下的斜坡流场分布,采用双谱线测温法获得垂直于流道方向每条光线的平均温度。分析了温度测量结果与激波分布的关系,给出了TDLAS光学探头测量位置的建议。本文得到的结论对TDLAS工程应用和测量结果分析具有重要的参考意义。     

基于虚拟仪器的微弱信号检测处理技术研究

本文针对检测大气中有害气体浓度的热点问题,提出了运用相关检测技术对微弱气体浓度信号进行检测,通过可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术对大气中的有害气体浓度信号进行初步采集,然后对采集到的信号进行除噪处理.通过理论的分析与证明,相关检测技术可有效的分析出被测信号中的有用信号,而且可以在噪声功率大于有用信号功率的情况下对有用信号进行有效识别.为了进一步验证该方案的有效性,本文还建立了LabVIEW的仿真实验平台,结论有效地论证了通过可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术与相关检测技术相结合可以方便的提取噪声中的有用信号,从而检测出气体的浓度.     

基于1397nm波长H_2O分子吸收光谱的温度测量研究

为了准确获得燃烧场温度信息,利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术进行了气体温度测量实验。利用1397nm波长范围内的两条H_2O吸收谱线进行气体温度测量,简化了实验装置和数据处理的复杂程度。将两种测量方法得到的温度与管炉温度对比,可以看出直接吸收光谱的测量误差在3%以内,波长调制光谱误差在4%。结果表明,1397nm波长范围内的两条H_2O吸收谱线可以用于TDLAS气体温度的测量,并且测量的精度较高。     

基于TDLAS的同轴扩散火焰温度与CO_2浓度测量

温度与组分浓度的空间分布对火焰中多环芳烃和碳烟生成机理的研究非常重要。本文基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术对甲烷同轴扩散火焰温度与CO_2浓度的空间分布进行测量。针对轴对称的同轴扩散火焰,本实验采用4.2μm的中红外带间级联激光器测量了不同火焰高度上路径积分的吸光度谱线,并通过傅里叶分析Abel逆变换方法重建出各点的光谱吸收率谱线。结合HITEMP数据库,通过最小二乘法拟合实验数据得到火焰温度与CO_2浓度,并将TDLAS测量结果同CFD仿真进行比较。发现TDLAS温度与CO_2浓度测量结果与CFD仿真吻合良好,但由于未能全面考虑辐射效应,CFD仿真高估了最大火焰温度,计算的最大CO_2浓度和火焰面高度偏低。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.