Outlast粘胶纤维的结构与调温性能

为了解Outlast粘胶纤维的结构和调温性能,分别采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜观察分析了Outlast粘胶纤维的微观结构,同时通过差热分析、热重分析和降温实验测试分析了Outlast粘胶纤维的调温性能。结果表明：Outlast粘胶纤维的微观结构与普通粘胶纤维相似;熔融峰和结晶峰均为双峰,具有适当的相变温度范围和较高的相变焓值;在280～320℃之间纤维有明显失重;降温速率随时间的延续呈指数规律减小,调温性能明显优于普通粘胶纤维。     

微胶囊相变调温粘胶纤维的染色性能

通过测定染料上染率及染后样品色牢度等指标,分别研究了染料质量分数、染浴温度对微胶囊相变调温粘胶纤维染色性能的影响。结果表明:随着染料质量分数的增加,纤维吸色程度增加,上染率升高;染后样品的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度有所降低;随着染浴温度的升高,上染率增大,但当温度达到一定值后,上染率与温度的正效应减弱,染色温度升高,耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度均有所提高;微胶囊相变调温粘胶纤维与普通粘胶纤维的染色性能基本一致;染色过程对于微胶囊相变调温粘胶纤维的调温性能无明显影响。     

竹浆纤维吸放湿性能的测试与分析

研究竹浆纤维的吸放湿性能.通过测试竹浆纤维在标准大气条件下的吸湿、放湿回潮率,描绘出吸湿、放湿曲线,采用X射线衍射测试技术和体积质量梯度管法,分析了纤维的结晶结构,并与粘胶纤维进行了比较.结果表明,竹浆纤维与普通粘胶纤维的吸湿、放湿曲线基本相似,但在放湿初始阶段速率明显高于普通粘胶纤维;竹浆纤维与普通粘胶纤维均属于纤维素Ⅱ型,结晶度相近;竹浆纤维的体积质量稍低于普通粘胶纤维,说明其内部可能具有较多的孔隙.     

SL相变调温纤维混纺织物调温性能研究

研究国产SL相变调温纤维混纺针织物的调温性能.采用差示扫描量热法、平板织物保温测试仪法和温度曲线法对混纺织物的调温性能进行了测试与分析.结果表明,SL相变调温纤维混纺织物在高于熔融相变温度环境中具有吸热现象,表现为升温速度较慢;而在低于结晶相变温度环境中具有放热现象,表现为降温速度较慢.指出:SL相变调温纤维混纺织物在一定温度下具有较明显的调温性能.     

微胶囊相变调温纤维的调温性能研究

文章采用差示扫描量热法测定相变微胶囊的吸热焓及放热焓;采用温度变化曲线法测定微胶囊相变调温纤维的升温及降温过程;从而研究相变微胶囊及相变微胶囊调温纤维的调温性能。结果表明:以石蜡为芯材的相变微胶囊满足纺织用相变材料的要求;粘胶基相变微胶囊调温纤维的温度调控范围与其采用的相变微胶囊的吸热和放热温度区间一致。     

Outlast:用Outlast技术生产的第一个粘胶纤维

描述了Outlast技术的特性和应用.在相变材料市场处于领先地位的美国Outlast技术公司与德国特种纤维制造商Kelheim纤维公司采用Outlast技术共同研制了第一个拥有专利权的粘胶纤维.这种新型纤维具有普通粘胶纤维的所有优点,例如与棉花或蚕丝相似的柔软、美好的手感,吸湿能力和极好的卫生性能,还具有极端舒适的温度缓冲性能.     

安芙丽与储能纤维阻燃调温针织面料关键技术

介绍安芙丽阻燃黏胶纤维及相变储能黏胶纤维的功能和特性,安芙丽纤维具备理想的阻燃和保温性能。采用赛络紧密纺工艺制备18.0 dtex的安芙丽阻燃黏胶纤维、相变储能黏胶纤维、棉纤维、麻赛尔纤维(30∶25∶20∶20)混纺纱,织造棉毛布和汗布两种针织面料。重点分析纤维配比、混纺纱设计、面料设计要求、面料性能,阐述创新技术手段与针织关键技术突破过程。结果表明,18.0 dtex的安芙丽、相变储能、棉、麻赛尔混纺棉毛布阻燃、吸湿发热、保温性达到理想状态,该阻燃调温、防火、吸湿发热、保暖新型针织面料的开发,为纤维素纤维系列中不同功能科学组合尤其是阻燃调温的组合提供成功范例。     

石墨烯改性粘胶织物功能性分析

分析石墨烯改性粘胶织物的功能性。采用石墨烯含量为2.5%的石墨烯改性粘胶纤维纺制了石墨烯改性粘胶纱,并开发出了4种针织物,对其远红外性能、防静电性能、防紫外线性能、抗菌抑菌性、吸湿速干性能、保温率、透气性和安全性进行了测试,并与同规格的普通粘胶针织物进行了对比。试验结果表明:与普通粘胶针织物相比,石墨烯改性粘胶织物远红外辐射温升提高,静电半衰期下降,紫外线防护系数UPF值提高,保温率和透气率提高,同时具有良好的抗菌抑菌性和安全性。认为:石墨烯改性纤维织物具有优良的功能性。     

石墨烯粘胶复合纤维的性能研究

探讨石墨烯复合纤维的性能。制备出不同比例的石墨烯粘胶复合纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对纤维的微观形态和内部结构进行了表征;进一步研究了该纤维的强伸性能、阻燃性能和防紫外线性能。结果表明:石墨烯粘胶复合纤维较普通粘胶纤维具有更优异的机械性能;石墨烯的加入可明显改善纤维的阻燃性能;石墨烯粘胶复合纤维具有良好的防紫外线性能(UPF50)。认为:石墨烯粘胶复合纤维提高了普通粘胶纤维的附加值,使其在功能性防护纺织品领域具有较好的应用前景。     

吸湿快干功能纯粘胶纱的设计开发

为了改善粘胶、棉等吸湿性纤维的吸湿快干、湿热舒适性能,利用混纺纱横截面的分层结构理论,采用不同细度粘胶纤维混纺,设计开发了一种外层疏水而内层亲水的新型结构纯粘胶纱。采用3.3 dtex粘胶纤维与预先进行疏水整理的5.5 dtex粘胶纤维纺制70/30 35.7 tex、50/50 35.5 tex纱,测试分析了成纱结构、纤维与纱线的吸湿放湿性能、织物的透湿性。结果表明,经疏水整理的较粗粘胶纤维分布在纱的外层,较细粘胶纤维分布在纱的内层,形成皮芯结构;经过疏水整理后纤维的吸湿回潮能力有所降低,但初始回潮速率几乎相同,纤维吸湿后的干燥速度明显增强;成纱中粗纤维含量增多,吸湿初始速率增加,但接近平衡时吸湿能力趋于一致,成纱的放湿速率增强;含有疏水处理粗纤维的织物透湿量增加,并且随着疏水处理粗纤维含量的增加织物透湿性增强。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the