镍–磷–碳化硼化学复合镀层的研制(英文)

在由碳酸镍15g/L、次磷酸32mL/L、次磷酸钠15g/L、乳酸32mL/L、乙酸18g/L、丙酸3mL/L、二甲胺1.7g/L及碳化硼(即B4C)0～25g/L组成的稳定镀液中,采用化学镀的方法在低碳钢上制备了Ni–P–B4C复合镀层。其显微硬度采用韦氏硬度法测量,耐磨性用Taber磨耗试验机测量,微观形貌和组织采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射进行分析,耐蚀性以动电位极化及电化学阻抗谱测定。碳化硼的掺入提高了镍–磷合金基体的显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性。Ni–P–B4C复合镀层颗粒粗大,具有爆米花式组织结构。     

纳米化学复合镀镍–磷–氧化铝工艺

通过正交试验对45钢上复合化学镀Ni–P–Al2O3的工艺条件进行优化,得到的最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·7H2O 25 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 30 g/L,CH3COONa 15 g/L,NaF 0.4 g/L,乳酸20 mL/L,硫脲20 mg/L,十二烷基磺酸钠0.1 g/L,纳米α-Al2O35 g/L,温度90°C,pH 4.8,时间2 h,转速300 r/min。分别采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、维氏硬度仪和电化学工作站对镀层的微观形貌、组成、显微硬度以及耐蚀性进行表征。在最优工艺下制备的Ni–P–Al2O3复合镀层,Al2O3微粒分布均匀,结构致密,显微硬度为204 HV,耐蚀性均优于Ni–P镀层。     

化学镀镍-钨-磷非晶态合金的研究

以电阻率为性能指标,采用正交试验对化学镀 Ni-W-P 的镀液配方进行优化,得到最优配方与工艺为:NiSO₄·6H₂O 15g/L,NaH₂PO₂·H₂O 25g/L,Na₂WO₄·2H₂O 10 g/L,Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O60 g/L,C₃H₆O₃5 mL/L,NH₄Cl 30g/L,pH = 9,温度 88℃,时间 2 h。采用扫描电镜、X 射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等研究了Ni-W-P 合金镀层的表面形貌、结构、显微硬度等性能。在最佳配方与工艺下,化学镀 Ni-W-P 的镀速为 6.9 μm/h,所得Ni-W-P 合金镀层的电阻率为 204.7 mΩ·cm,为典型的非晶态结构,表面均匀分布着大小不一、致密的胞状结构,镀层与基体之间结合力牢固,显微硬度高于 Ni-P 镀层,耐磨性和耐蚀性均优于 Ni-P 镀层。     

工艺参数对电镀铁-磷合金镀层性能的影响

研究了pH、温度和电流密度等工艺参数对Q235钢上电镀铁--翻磷合金镀层的显微硬度、外观和表面形貌的影响.镀液组成为:氰化亚铁220g/L,次磷酸钠40g/L,硼酸25g/L,氰化钠32g/L,磷酸60 mL/L,抗坏血酸3g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1g/L.电镀Fe-P合金的最佳工艺条件为:pH=1.00,电流密度2...     

镍-磷-氮化硅复合化学镀工艺优化

以Q235碳钢为基底进行Ni–P–Si₃N₄复合化学镀。以镀层的显微硬度为指标,通过正交试验得到的最优配方和工艺条件为:硫酸镍29 g/L,次磷酸钠30 g/L,氟化氢铵15 g/L,柠檬酸三钠10 g/L,硫脲0.003 g/L,氮化硅2 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.04 g/L,pH 4.5,温度85℃,时间1.5 h。该条件下所得Ni–P–Si₃N₄复合镀层为非晶态结构,表面平整致密,厚度47.8μm,显微硬度313.4 HV,结合力良好。     

镀液组成对铬-金刚石复合电沉积的影响

以紫铜片为基体,采用电沉积法在三价铬镀液中制备了铬-金刚石复合镀层。在pH=1.0、电流密度12A/dm2、搅拌速率150r/min、温度30°C及施镀时间15min的条件下,研究了镀液中主要组分的质量浓度对铬-金刚石复合镀层厚度和外观的影响,得到较好的镀液配方为:CrCl3·6H2O170g/L,HCOOK60g/L,KCl20g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O20g/L,NH4Cl60g/L,超细金刚石25g/L。采用该配方制备的Cr-金刚石复合镀层表面平整、裂纹细小,金刚石颗粒均匀镶嵌在铬镀层中,显微硬度高达1292.6HV,综合性能优于纯铬镀层。     

不锈钢雕塑表面复合电镀铬-多壁碳纳米管工艺和摩擦学性能

研究了电流密度、温度和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)质量浓度对430不锈钢表面复合电镀Cr–MWCNT层显微硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。确定了较佳的工艺参数为:铬酸酐160 g/L,98%浓硫酸1.2 mL/L,30%双氧水1.6 mL/L,MWCNT 80 mg/L,温度50°C,电流密度30 A/dm²,时间2 min。该条件下所得Cr–MWCNT复合镀层的显微硬度为806 HV,摩擦学性能较佳。     

硫酸盐溶液体系中三价铬镀厚铬工艺及镀层性能研究

采用硫酸盐溶液体系进行三价铬电镀,获得厚度超过30μm的铬镀层。分别探讨了ρ(Cr3 )、ρ(添加剂)、ρ(H3BO3)、φ(络合剂)和pH对镀液覆盖能力和镀速,电镀时间对镀速和镀层厚度的影响。研究了不同热处理温度下镀层的硬度和表面形貌。通过正交实验获得了最佳工艺条件:144g/LNa2SO4,50g/LK2SO4,60～80g/L硼酸,15g/LCr3 ,10～15mL/L络合剂,1.0～1.5g/L添加剂,适量润湿剂,pH=2.5～3.0,温度40°C,电流密度为10～20A/dm2。在此工艺下,获得了半光亮、银白色的铬镀层,硬度为706HV。通过200°C热处理后,铬镀层的硬度达到最大值,为1401HV。但热处理温度升高,铬镀层表面出现裂纹而影响镀层质量。     

丁二酸对化学镀Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合镀层性能的影响

研究了丁二酸对化学镀Ni-P纳米TiO_2复合镀层性能的影响。镀液组成及工艺条件为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 32g/L,NiSO_4·6H_2O 26g/L,一水合柠檬酸20g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠40 mg/L,纳米TiO_2微粒0.6~1.5g/L,丁二酸4~24 mg/L,温度(88±1)°C,pH值4.8±0.2,时间1h。加入适量的丁二酸,能够提高镀液的稳定性,加快沉积速率,提高镀层中磷的质量分数、显微硬度及耐蚀性。丁二酸的最佳质量浓度为2g/L。     

柠檬酸体系复合化学镀镍-磷-纳米二氧化钛稳定剂的研究

以镀液稳定性、纳米TiO_2在镀液中的分散性、沉积速率、镀层孔隙率和显微硬度为评价指标,研究了硫脲、碘酸钾以及苯并三氮唑对Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合化学镀的影响。镀液配方和工艺为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 32g/L,NiSO_4·6H_2O26g/L,一水合柠檬酸20g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15 g/L,表面活性剂20~40 mg/L,纳米TiO_2 1~2 g/L,温度(88±1)℃,pH 4.8±0.2,时间1 h。结果表明:苯并三氮唑不适合作为本体系的稳定剂;硫脲作为稳定剂时的最佳用量为2.5~3.0 mg/L,碘酸钾作为稳定剂时的最佳用量为75~90 mg/L。     

关于逆流冷却塔雨区阻力计算的探讨

在逆流式冷却塔的空气阻力计算中,常常忽略了雨区阻力的计算,包括国标规范与高等教育的教科书等权威文献也未提及,根据工业塔的实测,这部分阻力占全塔空气阻力的1/6左右。本文根据冷却塔设计与运行的实践,并结合国内外学者对此的实验研究成果,经分析总结,给出了一个较为系统可行的计算方法,经验证与工业塔实测基本吻合,可供冷却塔设计中参考使用。     

耐高温尼龙聚邻苯二甲酰胺的研究进展

综述了聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)的特性和应用,对部分PPA新品种制备方法及表征测试作了介绍,还介绍了PPA在耐热性、吸水性、尺寸稳定性、耐焊锡性等方面的研究进展。     

Improving the bending and corrosion resistance of an enamel by the addition of β-Si3N4 whiskers

Enamel–metal composite materials with high strength and corrosion resistance are often used for fabricating enameled pressure vessels for pharmaceutical and chemical production. However, the low bending resistance of the enamel can result in the cracking and delamination of the enamel layer, leading to the loss of corrosion resistance of the enameled pressure vessel, which can result in accidents. Here, based on the goal of increasing the bending resistance of the enamel to prolong its service life, the effect of β-Si₃N₄ whiskers on the mechanical properties of enamel was studied by three-point bending tests. The effect of β-Si₃N₄ whiskers on the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of enamel was studied using aqueous H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions, respectively. A sudden change in the force of an enameled sample under the three-point bending test was used to evaluate the bending resistance of the enamel–metal samples, and can also be used to evaluate the mechanical properties of other comparable materials. With the addition of 0.5 wt% β-Si₃N₄ whiskers, the bending resistance was significantly improved, along with the acid and alkali corrosion resistance. These findings are expected to provide guidance for the design and production of enamel-metal vessels with improved performance that can significantly lengthen the service life of enameled pressure vessels and reduce the occurrence of accidents.     

电阻器专用涂料(Ⅰ)

介绍了电阻涂料底漆、面漆的种类和各类电阻涂料底漆和面漆的组成、特点及技术规格。同时,还简介了环氧型、油墨型及有机硅型标志涂料的特点和技术指标。     

Effect of partial substitution of alumina–chromium slag for Al2O3 on microstructures and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C trough castables

Alumina–chromium slag (ACS), a cheap and abundant refractory raw material comprising aluminum–chromium oxides and β-Al₂O₃, is a byproduct of ferrochrome smelting. For this reason, we investigated the relationships between composition and mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, and resistance to iron slag erosion for Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables in which ACS was substituted for alumina. Due to the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in ACS, the aluminum-chromium slag reacted with SiO₂ to form a low-melting phase of albite and promoted the formation of mullite, which filled the pores at high temperatures and reduced the porosity, thereby promoting densification and strengthening of the sample. The cold mechanical properties of the sample and the normal temperature wear resistance were enhanced, but the high-temperature mechanical properties and the resistance to iron slag corrosion of the sample were impaired. According to the results of the anti-oxidation experiment, the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in the ACS reduced the porosity and made the sample more dense, which remarkably improved oxidation resistance of the sample. For industrial production requirements, ACS substitution should not exceed 48?wt% due to of thermomechanical properties and anti-slag corrosion performance in Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables.     

氧化镁-尖晶石浇注料的组成与性能的关系

以中档烧结镁砂、矾土基尖晶石和电熔白刚玉为主要原料,制备了不同基质组成的试样,并研究了浇注料的流动性、强度、永久线变化率、抗渣性和抗热震性。结果表明：基质的组成（特别是Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＯ比）对浇注料的抗渣性、线变化率、抗剥落性和热震稳定性有显著影响,通过调整Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＯ比可制得综合性能优良的氧化镁－尖晶石浇注料     

硅树脂及其涂料的研究新进展

综述了近十年来国内外耐热、耐腐蚀、耐候性硅树脂、改性硅树脂及其涂料的研究新进展；指出了硅树脂及其涂料的发展趋势。     

Enhancement of thermal shock and slag corrosion resistance of MgO–ZrO2 ceramics by doping CeO2

The purpose of this paper was to develop ceramics materials with high thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance for preparing gas blowing components. In this paper, MgO-rich MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics were obtained by using MgO powder and ZrO₂ powder as starting materials and CeO₂ as an additive. Changes in the properties in terms of thermal shock resistance, mechanical properties, and slag corrosion-resistance with chemical compositions were examined correlated to microstructure and phase changes. Especially, the effect of doping CeO₂ on phase transition of zirconia in MgO-rich system was discussed. The results showed that doping amount of CeO₂ significantly improved properties of MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics. Especially when doping amount of CeO₂ was 2 wt%, residual strength ratio was enhanced over 100% after thermal shock testing. In samples doped with CeO₂, ZrO₂ was stable in cubic or tetragonal form due to complete solution of CeO₂, which was important reason for the improvement of various properties of MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics.     

钢骨架塑料复合管的性能和应用

对钢骨架塑料复合管与其他管道的性能进行了比较,对比结果证明:钢骨架塑料复合管具有耐压、耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗蠕变、安装方便以及较高的性价比等特点。     

无醛防皱整理剂的研究进展

传统的防皱整理的发展历程及面临的新问题，阐述了多元羧酸类防皱整理剂作为棉织物理想的无甲醛防皱整理剂的防皱机理及性能，但由于它存在价格贵、织物泛黄色变、耐洗牢度差、含磷催化剂污染环境等问题，需要有效解决。最后，指出了无醛防皱整理今后的发展方向。