整体煤气化联合循环：燃煤联合循环发电技术之一

本文全面阐述了IGCC技术的发展动态和特点,分析其主要技术关键与商业化的因素。指出由于它们在能源、环境、性能以及经济性等方面优势,无疑将成为跨世纪的火电动力主要发展方向。     

积极推广煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术

本文较详细地阐述了燃煤电厂应用IGCC发电技术的优点，简要地介绍了美国的2座IGCC电厂的情况，并积极建议促使我国烟台的IGCC示范电站早日付诸实施。     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电系统

文章对IGCC发电系统的发展与现状作了介绍，并对不同型式的IGCC的发电系统进行了性能计算，比较、分析了它们的优缺点。     

整体煤气化联合循环发电技术进展

通过对５大典型技术（ＭＧＣＣ天然气联合循环、ＰＣ＋ＦＧＤ煤粉炉＋烟气处理装置、ＡＦＢＣ常压循环流化床、ＰＦＢＣ增压循环流化床和ＩＧＣＣ整体煤气化联合循环）的经济性和环保性能比较，认为ＩＧＣＣ发电技术由于其效率高、对煤种适应性广，且利用脱硫和氧气氧化，环保指标好、副产品可再利用不会造成二次污染等特点，是２１世纪最有发展前任的一种清洁发电技术。     

煤气化联合循环发电概况

煤气化联合循环 (ＩＧＣＣ)是目前世界上最高效、低污染的清洁煤发电技术 ,它不仅能满足日趋严格的环保要求 ,而且可以显著提高发电效益 ,被认为是 2 1世纪最有前途的燃煤发电技术之一。目前 ,国外某些公司的ＩＧＣＣ ,其供电效率已达5 0 %以上 ,如美国ＧＥ公司达 5 3 %左右 ,     

煤气化联合循环发电中的陶瓷燃气轮机技术

煤气化联合循环发电中的陶瓷燃气轮机技术１．前言现在，人类对于一次能源大部分是依赖于化石燃料。从化石燃料的资源埋藏量来看，石油和天然气的可采贮量为４０～６０年，煤炭则在３００年以上。因此，从长远观点必须扩大利用贮量丰富的煤炭。但是，煤炭与其它的化石燃料...     

煤气化联合循环发电的新发展

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是一种高效、超洁净的燃煤发电方式,是十分有竞争力的发电新技术.本文介绍了当前整体煤气化联合循环的技术发展概况.     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术介绍

整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电技术是煤气化和蒸汽联合循环的结合,是当今国际正在兴起的一种先进的洁净煤（CCT）发电技术,具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用好等优点。它的原理是：煤经过气化和净化后,除去煤气中99％以上的硫化氢和接近100％的粉尘,将固体燃料转化成燃气轮机能燃用的清洁气体燃料,以驱动燃气轮机发电,再使燃气发电与蒸汽发电联合起来。     

部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧的联合循环(PGFBC-CC)发电系统性能分析

引入部分气化炉的能量转化系数Qn概念(而不是传统的碳转化率)，采用模块化思想建模，在建立了包括部分气化炉、流化床、余热锅炉(HRSG)等系统模块通用模型的基础上，对PGF—BC系统的4个典型方案，其中2个方案基于增压流化床燃烧炉(PFBC)，另2个方案基于出常压流化床燃烧炉(AFBC)进行了性能计算、参数分析和综合比较，并对3个方案进行了初步Yong分析。通过综合比较，最后提出了适合我国国情的PGFBC—CC方案。认为：PGFBC—CC系统的方案2和方案4在技术上较易实现，经济上适合我国国情．环保性能上也足以满足排放指标要求。图7表3参6     

300 MW级ACC机组冷端提效技术及方案研究

直接空冷(以下简称ACC)机组在夏季高温时段背压升高且变幅较大,不能满负荷运行,需采用尖峰冷却技术降低背压。基于此,提出零水耗、近零传热端差的蓄冷式冷端提效技术,以某电厂330 MW直接空冷机组为对象,对其加装蓄冷式冷端提效系统的热力性能进行研究分析。结果表明,高温时段掺喷前背压降低6.7～9.9 kPa,对应的煤耗降为5.36～7.92 g/kWh;掺喷蓄冷水后背压继续降低2.2～3.3 kPa,对应的煤耗降为1.76～2.64 g/kWh,2个部分背压降之和在8.9～13.2 kPa,对应的煤耗降为7.12～10.56 g/kWh。低温时段使用一半间接空冷单元,抽汽量减半,背压降低1.86～3.2 kPa,对应的煤耗降为1.49～2.56 g/kWh,实现了尖峰冷却目的。     

特高压直流换流站避雷器配置方案研究

基于目前的最新进展,给出了两种典型的避雷器布置方案,分析了两个方案对最高端换流变阀侧不同保护方式的优缺点。从避雷器持续运行电压、荷电率、冲击保护水平和能量要求等方面论述了避雷器参数选取应该考虑的因素,并指出按照逆变站实际运行电压来选取避雷器参考电压,可以降低逆变站避雷器的保护水平和设备绝缘水平,降低设备制造成本。     

电气设备的防凝露技术研究

论述了电气设备在高湿度环境中产生凝露的机理和危害,提出了一些解决凝露问题的基本方法。通过阐述防凝露技术的各类专业名词和知识,结合理论叙述以及实测分析,为防凝露系统的设计提供一些基本思路,为保证在潮湿环境中运行的电气设备的可靠性提供一些技术指导。     

光伏提水技术在农作物灌溉上的应用

通过利用光伏提水进行农作物微灌试验示范的介绍,给出了干旱半干旱地区农作物需水量和滴灌系统需能量的计算方法;分析了利用光伏提水微灌技术的经济性.计算表明,光伏提水微灌的单位提水成本为0.073元/m3,仅为柴油机提水成本的1/3.     

活塞环槽强化处理技术研究

介绍了大功率中速柴油机活塞环槽强化处理技术,进行了活塞环与5种表面强化处理活塞环槽的耐磨性模拟试验,优选出合适的中速柴油机活塞环槽强化处理技术。     

Option value of gasification technology within an emissions trading scheme

Investment analysis is mostly implemented with Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methods, such as the Net Present Value (NPV). The problem in a typical application of these methods is the limited ability to value real options, management's ability to adapt to changing market conditions or to revise decisions. This paper presents a simulation model, in which the investment is regarded as a single-firm problem in an operating environment with multiple exogenous and stochastic prices. The simulation model is used to explore the impact of emissions trading, and in particular the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), on investments in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants. Two real case studies are presented: modifications of an existing condensing power plant and a new combined heat and power plant. The benefit of the selected approach is that it can take into account the value of multiple simultaneous real options better than a standard DCF analysis. The results show that a straightforward application of DCF analysis can lead to biased results in competitive energy markets within an emissions trading scheme, where a number of uncertainties potentially combined with several real options can make quantitative investment appraisals very complex.     

An energy pricing scheme for the diffusion of decentralized renewable technology investment in developing countries

The purpose of this paper is to investigate price support for market penetration of renewable energy in developing nations through a decentralized supply process. We integrate the new decentralized energy support: renewable premium tariff, to analyze impacts of tariff incentives on the diffusion of renewable technology in Senegal. Based on photovoltaic and wind technologies and an assessment of renewable energy resources in Senegal, an optimization technique is combined with a cash flow analysis to investigate investment decisions in renewable energy sector. Our findings indicate that this support mechanism could strengthen the sustainable deployment of renewable energy in remote areas of Senegal. Although different payoffs emerged, profits associated with a renewable premium tariff are the highest among the set of existing payoffs. Moreover in analyzing impacts of price incentives on social welfare, we show that price tariffing schemes must be strategically scrutinized in order to minimize welfare loss associated with price incentives. Finally we argue that a sustainable promotion of incentive mechanisms supporting deployment of renewable technology in developing nations should be carried out under reliable institutional structures. The additional advantage of the proposed methodology is its ability to integrate different stakeholders (producers, investors and consumers) in the planning process.     

智能电网通信技术的研究

智能电网具有高速、双向、实时、集成的通信系统,能够实时监视和控制电网运行,预防事故发生和及时清除故障。研究了智能电网的通信技术,设计了集光纤通信、新一代3G/4G移动通信、无线局域网WLAN(IEEE 802.11)等先进通信技术的智能电网通信系统,遍布整个电网的通信设备将信息在各种测量装置、控制设备和执行元件之间进行相互传递,以保证电网安全、可靠、经济地运行。     

基于MIIFLP规划的规模化养殖场GHG减排布局方案优化模型研究

在规模化养殖场沼气工程建设的背景下,文章以工程布局方案合理下的温室气体减排量最大为目标,选取工程建设费用、利润回报、工程容量、物料平衡、安全防疫距离等为约束条件,结合0-1混合整数规划(MIP)和区间-模糊规划方法 (IFLP),构建了一种基于MIIFLP规划的规模化养殖场温室气体(GHG)减排布局方案优化模型。优化结果表明:GHG二氧化碳最大减排当量为[211 821.81,222 486.42]t/a,较案例推荐方案提高了[11.46,17.07]%,在隶属度λ为[0.019 3,0.712 0]时,沼气工程布局优化方案与案例推荐方案相比调整幅度较大,所建模型在保证养殖场正常工作且沼气工程稳定发电的条件下,为规模化养殖场沼气工程建设提供了更加合理的布局方案,也为将可再生能源利用作为一种电力行业温室气体减排的重要途径提供了决策性理论支持。     

Research on the optimizing control technology based on fuzzy-neural network for hydrogen-fueled engines

Hydrogen fuel is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels for automobiles in future. Technology of the optimum control on hydrogen-fueled engines is a key to improve its performances in every respect. In this paper, based on the experiments, the policy of optimum control on hydrogen-fueled engines has been shown. Moreover, a new optimizing control model on hydrogen-fueled engines has been constructed, in which ignition timing, injection timing and injection duration were separately selected as control variation, and output power and rate of fuel consumption are separately chosen as performance index function. Further, a new method ingeniously adopting fuzzy-neural network (FNN) system to calculate the optimizing control laws for the optimizing control model has been designed, and a series connection control system has been set up, which is composed of FNN controllers combined with an adaptive controller for ignition timing to realize open-loop or closed-loop control pattern with stepping regulation of ignition timing. Last, the calculated results of the control variations with an improved FNN system were contrasted with experimental results; the contrasting result has shown that the maximum absolute error is less than 1 °C A, the maximum relative error is less than 5%, mean square error is 0.381 °C A. Therefore, the calculation method with FNN system is practical and satisfactory.