改性累托石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵[C12H25(CH3)2(C6H5CH2)NCl,1227]、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵[C16H33(CH3)3NBr,1631]、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵[C18H37(CH3)3NBr,1831]3种表面活性剂改性天然粘土累托石(rectorite,REC),得到3种有机改性累托石：1227-REC,1631-REC和1831-REC。用3种有机改性累托石对水溶液中无机重金属离子C(Ⅵ)进行吸附实验,考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。同时,用3种吸附累托石1227-REC-Cr,1631-REC-Cr和1831-REC-Cr对Cr(Ⅵ)进行解吸试验,考察了pH值对解吸效果的影响。结果表明：3种吸附剂在室温下达到满意吸附效果的pH值为6,平衡时间分别为30,20,20min。在该条件下被吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的量与吸附前相比分别为80．2％,95．5％和97．6％,且3种吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)均是Langmiur单分子吸附。当pH值为10时,3种吸附累托石解吸出Cr(Ⅵ)的量对其原吸附量相比分别是89．2％,96．3％和97．7％。     

EVA/有机改性累托石复合泡沫材料的制备与性能研究

采用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）对累托石（REC）进行有机处理制备出有机改性累托石（OREC）,通过熔融插层法制备出了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物/有机改性累托石（EVA/OREC）复合泡沫材料。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、万能试验机等对复合材料的形貌和力学性能进行了表征,研究了累托石的层间距、含量对复合泡沫材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,经有机改性后累托石层间距增加了10.9 %;复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度也随之明显升高;且当OREC质量组分为10份时材料的各项力学性能达到最佳。     

15．日用香料烷基取代的辛烯腈衍生物的制备

根据美国专利US 2007,55,082（2007．3．8）介绍,辛烯腈衍生物,如Me2C：CH（CH2）2CH（Me）C（R）（R^1）CN（R=H、Me：R^1=烷基、链烯基、环烷基等）,可以用作日用香料。     

有机累托石的合成及其复合材料的性能

以具有层状硅酸盐结构的粘土累托石（REC）为主体，以不同碳链长度的烷基季铵盐（QAS1，QAS2）及联苯二胺（BZD）为改性剂合成了有机累托石（OREC），采用红外光谱表征了REC及不同OREC的化学结构，采用X－射线衍射方法研究了REC处理产后层间距的变化，结果表明，BZD可以使REC层间距增加到最大，脂肪族季铵亍中，碳链越长，得到的OREC的层间距越大，采用熔融共混法制备了粘土／聚合物复合材料，初步研究了复合材料的力学性能及热性能。结果表明，有机粘土改性后的聚合物力学性能有大幅度提高，OREC及其复合材料的热分解温度较高。     

反气相色谱法研究改性累托石的表面性质

累托石的表面性质直接影响其在环境保护和催化领域中的应用,并对其复合材料的结构与力学性能影响较大.通过反气相色谱法,采用非极性和极性探针研究累托石(rectorite,REC)和经十二烷基-二甲基-苄基溴化铵处理的有机改性累托石(organic-modified rectorite with dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide,12-OREC)以及经十六烷基-三甲基溴化铵处理的有机改性累托石(organic-modified rectorite with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,16-OREC)的表面性质.结果表明:表面改性直接影响其表面能的色散组分.100℃时,12-OREC和16-OREC的表面能的色散组分(24.85,30.43 mJ/m2)明显低于REC的表面能的色散组分(75.19 mJ/m2),且表面能的色散组分均随温度升高呈降低趋势,其中12-OREC的表面能的色散组分随温度降低最多.此外,经过改性的累托石其表面酸碱性也有所变化,呈酸性表面的累托石经季铵盐改性后呈碱性.     

中成药废液中CODs去除的方法研究

中药工业废水通常属于较难处理的高浓度有机污水之一,通常具有组成复杂,有机污染物种类多、浓度高、CODs值高且波动性大。累托石(REC)是一种硅酸盐粘土矿物。有机累托石本身就可以通过交换吸附除去水溶液中的重金属离子,改性以后的吸附能力会大大加强。本项目主要是在Fenton法对中成药废液进行处理的基础上,使用十八烷基三甲基溴化铵改进的累托石对模拟中药废水进行预处理,考察了CODs、色度的变化情况。     

1727阳离子表面活性剂

上海合成洗涤剂三厂在生产1727阳离子表面活性剂和“洁而灭”消毒杀菌剂的过程中,需用卤代烷(Rx,x=C1或Br)或烷基硫酸钠(ROSO_3Na)来合成烷基二甲基胺(RN(CH_3)_2),其中的烷基R包含了C8H17、C10H21、C12H25、C19H29、C16H33,C18H37,……等。1227表面活性剂和“洁而灭”需用的中间体是十二烷基二甲基胺和十四烷基二甲基胺的混合物,其它烷基的胺分别成为低沸物和高沸物在蒸馏时分割开来。高沸物数量较多,主要是C16H33N(CH3)2、C18H37N(CH3)2……等高碳胺。按目前产     

化学镀非晶镍-磷合金分形分析

在由NiSO4·6H2O、NaH2PO2·H2O、Na3C6H5O7、CH3COONa和KIO3组成的化学镀镍液中,改变配位剂柠檬酸钠的浓度制备了4种不同含磷量的Ni–P合金镀层,用投影覆盖法计算了其表面分形维数,并考察了分形维数与柠檬酸钠浓度及镀层耐硝酸性能的关系。结果表明,镀层的表面分形维数介于2.3298~2.6586之间,与柠檬酸钠浓度具有良好的线性正比关系,而与镀层在硝酸中的腐蚀失重量呈良好的线性负相关。因此,表面分形维数可用于定量表征镀层的耐蚀性。     

活性炭表面改性及其对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

分别用HNO3、H2SO4以及HNO3加乙酸铜溶液对活性炭进行了表面改性处理,测定了它们的表面化学性能,研究了改性活性炭对Cr(VI)吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明：通过上述改性,活性炭表面官能团数量发生了显著改变,特别是羧基增加较多;通过改性后的活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能有所提高。     

三氯化铁改性膨润土对铬（Ⅵ）的吸附性能研究

通过几种不同金属盐改性的膨润土对模拟含Cr（Ⅵ）废水进行吸附实验,最终得出三氯化铁改性膨润土对cr（VI）的吸附效果最好,并着重研究了三氯化铁改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Cr（Ⅵ）的适宜条件。结果表明,当改性膨润土用量为12g·L^-1,pH值为3～5,振荡吸附时间30min,溶液温度25％,起始Cr（Ⅵ）浓度≤20mg／L时,有机膨润土对Cr（Ⅵ）废水的去除率超过95％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。