入口旋流角对排气扩压段气动性能影响的数值研究

为了研究入口气流旋流角对带支撑结构轴流排气扩压段气动性能的影响,以某型燃气轮机排气扩压段为研究对象,采用数值计算的方法,对单独排气段模型及排气段和涡轮末级动叶耦合模型分别进行数值模拟。采用总压保持系数和静压恢复系数作为衡量排气扩压段气动性能的主要参数。排气段单独模拟的结果显示,当旋流角从0°变化至-32°,总压保持系数下降4%,且在-20°以后开始呈现突然的快速下降趋势;而静压恢复系数先上升后降低,在-16°时达到最大值。另外,通过耦合模型与单独排气段模型的数值计算对比,发现当排气段入口旋流角和质量流量相同时,计算结果较为一致。以上结果说明,入口旋流角是影响排气扩压段流动性能的关键因素之一,进行排气段结构设计时要充分考虑旋流角对内部流动的影响。而且,单独排气段数值模拟在相同质量流量和旋流角度条件下,可近似达到耦合模拟的精度,提高设计效率。     

来流条件对排汽缸内非轴对称流动的影响

研究了大功率汽轮机低压缸排汽在不同气流角及不同总压分布下的流场,以模型为对象进行了三维流场的数值模拟.结果表明:排汽缸入口较大的旋流角会恶化排汽缸性能,而总压沿径向变化梯度为负时则有利于改善排汽缸气动性能.基于这一结果提出了通过改变总压分布抑制由于来流方向对排汽缸性能产生的负面影响的方法.     

Numerical investigation of effect of inlet swirl and total-pressure distortion on performance and stability of an axial transonic compressor

This paper represents numerical simulation of flow inside an axial transonic compressor subject to inlet flow distortion, to evaluate its effect on compressor performance and stability. Two types of inlet distortion, namely inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are investigated. To study the effect of combined distortion patterns, different combinations of inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are also studied. Results for cases with total pressure distortion indicate that hub radial distortion improves stability range of the compressor while tip radial distortion deteriorates it. An explanation for this observation is presented based on redistribution of flow parameters caused by distortion and the way it interacts with stall inception mechanisms in a transonic axial compressor. Results also show that while co-swirl patterns slightly improve stability range of the compressor, counter-swirl patterns diminish it. Study of combined distortion cases reveals that superimposition of effects of each individual pattern could predict the effect of a combined pattern on compressor’s performance within an accuracy of 1%. However, it is unable to predict the associated effect on compressor’s stability.     

汽轮机低压排汽缸气动性能的数值研究

针对汽轮机低压排汽缸气动性能对汽轮机组效率的影响,采用小尺寸试验模型对汽轮机低压排汽缸进行了数值模拟,得到扩压器进口导流环壁面压力分布和出口特征平面速度分布,并与相应的试验测量结果进行了比较,验证了数值计算结果的可靠性．通过数值模拟方法分析了扩压器和蜗壳的性能．结果表明：汽轮机扩压器导流环和蜗壳之间的涡系结构复杂,通道涡是造成排汽缸扩压能力降低和能量损失的主要因素．     

Effects of inlet swirl on the flow in a steam turbine exhaust hood

IntroductionThe flow through the exhaust hoods of steam andgas turbines is still a problematic matter today. The latestexperiments and CFD research are proof of that, e.g.works published by Solodov, Gnesin (1997)['], Sultanian,Nagao and Sakamoto (1998) ['], and other authors.The flow of the steam through the exhaust hood of acondensing steam tUrbine depends to a considerableextent on the swirl of the flow in the inlet section. Thechange of an inlet swirl results in changes in the loss ofki…     

基于正交试验的低速机增压器涡轮排气壳性能优化研究

为提升船用低速机涡轮增压器性能,对增压器涡轮排气壳底部流道结构进行参数化,设计并开展了以效率为优化目标的四因素三水平正交试验优化设计和增压器整机性能试验。首先,采用CFD数值模拟方法对不同参数组合的涡轮气动性能进行了计算,然后对涡轮排气壳底部流道结构参数开展了灵敏度分析,同时针对不同参数组结构开展了内部流场对比分析,明确结构因素对流动的影响机理;在此基础上对优化后方案开展了涡轮特性分析,最后在低速双燃料机平台上开展增压器整机试验验证。分析研究表明：在涡轮进气壳、喷嘴环和涡轮叶片等通流部件结构不变的前提下,涡轮排气壳排气方向轴向长度对涡轮整级效率的影响最大,优化后效率明显提升,设计点总压损失系数降低0.3874,静压恢复系数提升0.537,总静效率提升1.85%,其余工况总静效率最大提升2.4%。试验结果表明：优化后涡轮增压器整机效率在主机燃油模式和燃气模式下的全工况范围内效率均有提升,最大提升幅度分别达到1.4%和2.1%,涡轮性能和增压器整机性能改善明显。     

某新型高效冷凝发电汽轮机排汽缸气动性能研究与结构优化

采用雷诺时均处理的N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,将某新型高效冷凝发电汽轮机低压排汽缸与末级叶栅进行了联合仿真数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:排汽缸中存在以分离涡和通道涡占主导地位的漩涡流,导致气动性能不佳;为了改善扩压能力进而提高其气动性能,采取调整内外导流环扩张角度以及轴向长度等措施对扩压器进行了结构优化,优化后排汽缸出口静压恢复系数从-0.137提升到了0.1617,总压损失系数降低了近18.5%,整机效率提升了近0.5%。     

Three—Dimensional Simulation of Nonstationary Flow Phenomena in “Last Stage—Exhaust Hood” COmpartment

Threed-mensional nonstationary model of areodynamical interaction of turbine stage and exhaust hood is realized,based on nonstationary 3D codes for calculation of inviscid transonic flow through stage^[3] and exhaust hodd^[4] which consist of diffuser and space under casing.The codes are built with the use of the explicit Godunov‘s 2nd order difference scheme.Some results of flow simulation through the compartments“Stage-exhaust hodd”，“stage-exhaust axial-radial diffuser”for wide range of volumetric flow rates are represented.     

旋流喷嘴缩放型出口的流动特性

利用VOF(volume of fluid)方法对旋流式喷嘴气液两相流动进行了数值模拟.分析了缩放型出口结构功能和其内的流场特征.结果表明,喷嘴出口处液膜厚度和速度分布存在周向不均匀性.旋流室与出口段的结构连接方式较充分地利用了旋流室的加速功能,但也会造成流场方向强烈扭曲.随入口压力增大,出口液体的径向、切向和轴向速度均增大,而液体速度方向变化微小.收缩段和喉部上部对液体有加速作用;喉部能较平滑的引流;扩张段损耗了液体速度,但足够长的扩张段有控制液体喷淋方向作用.     

某MW级燃机非对称排气道性能分析

针对某MW级燃机动力透平及非对称排气道,本文采用CFD方法首先单独研究了不同进口条件下排气道的性能,发现该排气道性能良好,总压损失较低,且对15°以内的入口旋流角具有较好的适应性。由于动力透平与排气道之间存在相互作用,将整周动力透平与排气道进行耦合计算,发现由于动力透平设计存在一定的缺陷,单级计算时动叶根部存在大范围的气流分离,与排气道耦合后,透平功率略有下降,但动叶根部气流展向分离范围有所减小,且分离程度出现周向不均匀现象;同时,由于气流分离导致动力透平出口气流的旋流角较大,耦合条件下排气道性能明显恶化,总压损失增加较大。     

汽轮机排汽缸的气动研究进展

汽轮机排汽缸是连接凝汽式汽轮机末级出口至冷凝器的通道,改善其气动性能可提高汽轮机的效率。本文从数值分析及试验两方面对排汽缸的研究进行了分析,并对提高气动性能的新型措施进行了归纳。分析表明：末级与排汽缸湿蒸气汽液两相流的联合数值分析是排汽缸流场数值分析的发展方向;模型试验是排汽缸研究的主要方法,由于进口气流对排汽缸性能的影响敏感,进口流场应反映末级出口气流的真实状况,并要特别注意叶栅顶部出口气流的模拟。提高排汽缸气动性能的新型措施为：采用具有负超高的扩压器和非对称扩压器;中分面布置轴向栅格型涡阻尼器;采用除湿措施,减少湿度损失;冷凝器喉部结构及加强系统的改进。     

不同进口条件对排汽缸气动性能的影响

以数值模拟的结果为基础,分析了３种不同进口速度条件对汽轮机排汽缸气动性能的影响,给出了各不同进口速度条件下的排汽缸的排汽损失系数及流场图谱,并在此基础上,分析了不同进口条件下排汽缸汽流能量的分配,提出了排汽缸优化设计的方向。     

柴油机新型螺旋流排气系统的设计和试验

采用数学规划优化方法对Ｎ８１６０ＺＣ柴油机新型螺旋流排气系统结构参数进行了优化设计;同时设计了一套结构参数完全一致的ＭＰＣ排气系统,并对螺旋流和ＭＰＣ排气系统进行了推进特性性对比实验。实验结果表明：在大部分运行工况下,螺旋流排气系统对Ｎ８１６０ＺＣ柴油机的整机性能有一定程度的改善,但在低速低负荷工况下较ＭＰＣ排气系统稍差。     

大型汽轮机低压排汽缸气动分析研究

低压排汽缸的气动性能影响汽轮机组的功率和效率。文章对单独排汽缸和汽轮机低压末级整圈与排汽缸耦合进行了数值分析对比,发现汽轮机末级动叶出口流场的不均匀性和强烈的预旋影响低压排汽缸的气动性能。高性能的低压排汽缸设计应该考虑末级与低压排汽缸流场之间的相互作用。     

Performance simulation of a low‐swirl burner for a Stirling engine

A new type of gas burner for Stirling engine that can recover adequate heat from exhaust gas was designed based on the plate heat exchanger and low‐swirl combustion technology, which consists of three components: a cyclone, a burner, and a circular plate heat exchanger. The circular plate heat exchanger tightly wound around the combustion chamber plays a high efficiency of heat recovery role. In consideration of the radial symmetry of the burner, a three‐dimensional numerical simulation was carried out by Ansys15. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the combustion gas were presented respectively. Strong backflow that came from the exhaust gas around the root of the flame in the combustion chamber and a vortex below the inlet of the exhaust gas channel were found, which were beneficial for the combustion and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution. Combustion behaviors of the burner under standard operating conditions were obtained, the highest temperature was about 2200 K in burner and the exhaust gas entered the plate heat exchanger at the temperature of 1375 K and exited at 464 K, with the waste heat recovery efficiency over 65.8%. And, the air‐fuel ratio and combustion power had negligible effect on the waste heat recovery efficiency.     

叶顶间隙对于汽轮机排汽缸气动性能的影响

介绍了汽轮机末级动叶叶顶间隙对于汽轮机排汽缸性能的影响,通过耦合末级叶片的排汽缸气动数模拟来考察这一影响,发现排汽缸内的流场情况会随着间隙漏汽量的不同而产生变化,表征气动性能的压力恢复系数也随之变化.研究表明,叶顶间隙射流对于排汽缸内流场的影响是不可忽略的,在以后的排汽缸气动设计及优化工作中需要考虑叶顶漏汽射流.     

Interaction between struts and swirl flow in gas turbine exhaust diffusers

The increasing use of gas turbines in combined cycle power plants together with the high amount of kinetic energy in modern gas turbine exhaust flows focuses attention on the design of gas turbine diffusers as the connecting part between the Brayton/Joule and the Rankine parts of the combined cycle. A scale model of a typical gas turbine exhaust diffuser is investigated experimentally. The test rig consists of a radial type, variable swirl generator which provides the exhaust flow corresponding to different gas turbine operating conditions. Static pressure measurements are carried out along the outer diffuser walls and along the hub of the annular part and along the centerline of the conical diffuser. Velocity distributions at several axial positions in the annular and conical diffuser have been measured using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV). Pressure recovery coefficients and velocity profiles are depicted as a function of diffuser length for several combinations of swirl strength, tip flow and strut geometries. The diffuser without struts achieved a higher pressure recovery than the diffuser with struts at all swirl angle settings. The diffuser with cylindrical struts achieved a higher pressure recovery than the diffuser with profiled struts at all swirl angle settings. Inlet flows with swirl angles over 18?affected the pressure recovery negatively for all strut configurations.     

30万千瓦空冷汽轮机组低压排汽缸数值模拟

使用NUMECA的Fine／Turbo软件,数值模拟研究哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司300MW空冷机组低压排汽缸内三雏粘性流动的细节。通过使用该软件的Condensable Flow模块以及特有的给定总焓和湿度的边界条件,研究考虑湿蒸汽凝结以及边界条件的不同给定方法对排汽缸内流动以及流动参数的影响,结果表明,边界条件的给法和湿蒸汽工质对排气缸模拟结果影响显著。     

气道稳流试验的变压差试验方法研究

提出了用于测量发动机气道流动特性的气道变压差试验方法。与目前采用的气道稳流试验方法不同，在试验过程中，采集对应于各气阀升程下的流量和涡流角动量时，不需要保持气缸内恒压差条件，变压差试验只需要确定气阀最大升程时模拟气缸内与环境大气压的初始压差，在变压差条件下进行试验，同样可以得到Ricardo和FEV试验计算方法的平均流量系数和涡流比。变压差试验方法的测量精度与定压差的精度相同，试验操作程序简单可靠，易于实现气道稳流试验的全自动化，对于企业生产线上的批量缸盖检测可以大幅度提高工作效率。     

CFD技术在汽轮机设计研究中的应用实践及展望

采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,简称CFD)开展了汽轮机高压缸整缸的内部流场计算和低压缸末三级的变工况分析。还采用CFD分析了某空冷机组低压排汽缸流场,比较了模型排汽缸的试验和数值计算结果,又分析实际排汽缸流场的CFD计算结果,提出并验证了一个提高其静压恢复能力的优化改进措施。在总结上述成功实践的基础上,展望了基于CFD等先进技术在汽轮机行业建立新技术体系的前景。