纯真丝绵无纺布的主要服用性能

纯真丝绵无纺布的主要服用性能真丝绵无纺布—真丝家族的一枝新秀，不但具有纯真丝的粉、软、轻之天然本色，而且彻底摒弃了多年来手工丝绵无法裁剪和水先易板结的弊病；它既具有金属棉的御寒，保暖性，又因其蛋白质结构而具优于金属棉的透气性和透湿性。我们对纯真丝绵无...     

纯真丝绵无纺布

纯真丝绵无纺布纯真丝绵无纺布──真丝家族的这枝新秀，不但具有纯真丝松、软、轻之特色，而且彻底改变了多年来手工丝绵无法裁剪和水洗易板结的弊病；它即具有金属棉的寒、保暧性，又由于其蛋白质结构而优越于金属棉的透气性和透湿性。我们对纯真丝绵无纺布的性能进行了...     

双宫丝绵纤维的性能检测

通过对双宫丝绵纤维的主要物理力学性能及纤维形态进行检测,并与对照组的普通丝绵和蛹衬丝绵的性能进行比较,分析双宫丝绵压缩回弹性优良的原因。测定了双宫丝绵的压缩回弹性和纤维强伸力,结果表明:双宫丝绵的回复率96%,压缩率53%;单丝平均断裂强力4.43 c N,断裂伸长25.42%,这些指标均高于对照组的普通丝绵和蛹衬丝绵,双宫丝绵的回弹性达到了蚕丝被优等品的国家标准。电镜下观察到双宫丝绵的纤维较其他两种丝绵纤维的直径粗、长度长,丝纤维之间形成纵横交错的网络多。测试结果显示双宫丝绵优良的性能与它的结构有关。     

丝绵生产提质增效的探讨

<正>1前言长丝绵是一般以整只蚕茧或蛹衬为原料,经手工或机械制绵等加工工艺制成的网状产品。常见的桑蚕丝长丝绵有双宫丝绵、黄斑丝绵和蛹衬丝绵。双宫丝绵是采用双宫茧为原料,两个蚕丝交织在一起,双宫丝绵强度高,品质最好,出现的问题主要是有时粗筋条多;黄斑丝绵是采用黄斑茧为原     

丝绵脱胶试验研究

应用不同的脱胶剂对丝绵进行脱胶处理，由正交设计试验优选出脱胶效果最好的脱胶剂，并对丝绵中丝胶是否脱尽进行了判别与分析。     

台湾风行丝绵被

据台湾《工商时报》报道,台湾近年风行丝绵被,最近因大陆对丝绵出口和台湾对进口丝绵有所限制,加上国际丝绵价格上涨一倍,致使丝绵进口出现严重青黄不接现象.     

免用双氧水加工机制丝绵的实验研究北大核心CSCD

由于机制丝绵的劳动生产率高,目前已经成为丝绵生产的主要加工方式,但机制丝绵的加工过程中,一般需要使用双氧水,而双氧水在运输和储存过程中存在易燃易爆等风险。为解决该问题,文章创新性地设计了过碳酸钠或碳酸钠-臭氧联合体系对机制丝绵片脱胶的方法,对两种方法的残胶率、含杂率、压缩率和回复率等丝绵质量指标进行分析,并与使用双氧水加工的商业化优等机制丝绵进行比较。研究表明:在机制丝绵加工过程中,使用过碳酸钠或碳酸钠-臭氧加工得到的丝绵脱胶均匀、纤维表面平整光滑;在残胶率、含杂率、压缩回弹性等方面均达到优等品标准(即残胶率≤5%,含杂率≤0.1%,压缩率≥45%,回复率≥92%);在白度和手感柔软性方面也展现出良好的性能。结果表明:在不用双氧水的条件下,依然可以制备性能优良的机制丝绵,显示了免用双氧水加工机制丝绵的可行性。     

不同脱胶除油工艺对丝绵性能影响的研究

采用有机溶剂6号轻汽油通过浸出法工艺处理丝绵,利用现代分析技术测试了丝绵的性能和结构变化。研究发现:与未处理丝绵相比,处理后丝绵白度、压缩率及回弹率明显提高,而其含油率、含胶率、回潮率和断裂强度则降低。处理后丝绵含油率小于5%,压缩率大于42%,回弹率大于90%,回潮率小于12%,处理后丝绵微观结构未发生变化。结果证明该脱胶除油工艺方法是合理可行的。     

蚕丝被丝绵增重物质的检测方法研究

为建立对增重丝绵客观有效的评价测试方法,文章以收集的50批次天然蚕丝被的丝绵为研究对象,通过煮练法和浓盐酸变色法对不同增重丝绵进行定性定量研究。实验结果表明,对于物理增重丝绵,可以采用二氯甲烷溶解法(溶解温度38℃、溶解时间1.5 h)进行检测与评价,对于化学接枝增重丝绵,可以采用36%～38%的浓盐酸溶解变色法来进行检测与评价,为规范增重丝绵行业的检测方法和有效标准制定提供了一定的依据。     

煮绵工艺的实验探究

针对常规煮绵工艺效率低、能耗大、时间长、脱胶效果差等问题,文章拟采用几种新型、环保、高效的煮绵助剂处理丝绵,并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对不同工艺处理后的丝绵表面处理效果,丝绵二级结构的情况及其他性能指标进行测试。研究结果表明:与常规工艺处理后的丝绵相比,清丝宝处理后的丝绵手感蓬松、柔软、无异味、光泽较好,其残油率、练减率、煮练温度、煮练时间及白度均有不同程度的改善。因此,在现行的丝绵生产工艺中,采用清丝宝处理丝绵,其实验数据对完善已有成果的煮绵工艺及改善丝绵的内在质量具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Experimental study on hydrogen peroxide-free processing machine-made silk floss北大核心CSCD

Silk is a kind of natural fiber with good luster strength elasticity dyeability hygroscopicity and other advantages. Silk products are quite popular to the customers because of their excellent performance such as heat preservation air permeability and so on which make them comfortable to use. Silk floss which is made from pupa lining secondary cocoon etc. can be used as floc and filler materials and is an important part of silk products. According to its production mode silk floss can be divided into manual silk floss and machine-made silk floss and the latter has become the main processing mode of silk floss production due to its high production efficiency. In terms of composition silk flossing generally contains 20% - 30% sericin pupa oil and impurities so in the degumming process in addition to adding sodium carbonate and other degumming agents to remove sericin a large amount of hydrogen peroxide with strong oxidation property is also used to increase the cleanliness and smoothness. Unfortunately hydrogen peroxide is highly flammable and explosive and poses a risk in transportation and storage causing potential safety hazards to the silk processing industry. In order to solve this problem we innovatively propose two hydrogen peroxide-free processing methods of machine-made silk floss by using sodium percarbonate degumming or sodium carbonate-ozone. As an environmentally friendly solid oxidant sodium percarbonate can produce hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate after decomposition and is often used to degrade organic harmful substances. Similarly ozone is a common strong oxidant with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and because ozone can be produced instantly by ozone generators there is no risk of transport and storage. Silk is composed of silk fibroin and sericin. Among them silk fibroin is fibrous protein which will swell in hot water while sericin is globular protein which is easy to dissolve in hot water. As a result in this paper heated sodium percarbonate solution and sodium carbonate-ozone system were used to deglue silk floss. The methods were as follows silk floss was degummed three times in boiling 0. 78 g / L sodium percarbonate solution for 30 minutes each time or was degummed three times in boiled 0. 5 g / L Na2 CO3 solution with ozone continuously flow at a rate of 100 mg / L - h for 30 minutes each time. After cleaning and drying the degummed silk floss can be obtained. After the experiment the apparent morphology sericin residual efficiency impurity rate compression resilience whiteness and other silk floss quality indexes of the two methods were analyzed and compared with superior machine-made silk floss processed by commercial way with hydrogen peroxide. The results show that both two processing methods got uniform degumming effect of silk floss and the surface of the single fiber was smooth and the degumming effect was basically the same as that of commercial products prepared with hydrogen peroxide. The sericin residual rate of silk floss was between 3% - 4% which was in line with the requirements of less than 5% of superior silk floss. There was no significant difference between silk floss obtained and commercial superior products in smoothness and whiteness. In conclusion the performance of silk floss in all aspects has reached the standard of superior products that is the sericin content is not more than 5% the impurity content is not more than 0. 1% the compression rate is not less than 45% and the response rate is not less than 92% . Based on the experimental results and analysis it can be concluded that the machine-made silk floss with good performance can be prepared without hydrogen peroxide showing the feasibility of processing machine-made silk floss without hydrogen peroxide which is of great significance to the research and development of a safe and reliable oxidant system for the removal of impurities in silk floss and to further improve the safety of machine-made silk floss production process. © 2022 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.     

蚕丝绵增重及鉴别方法探讨

阐述了我国蚕丝绵行业的生产现状;介绍了增重蚕丝绵,对甘油增重、无机盐增重、丝胶固着增重、单宁增重、丝素溶液增重及接技共聚增重等应用于蚕丝纤维的物理及化学增重方法进行了比较分析。探讨了蚕丝绵的检测鉴别方法,目前失重法、溶解法、近红外光谱法及氨基酸分析法等方法,可有效对增重蚕丝绵进行定性或定量检测分析及判断,检测方法的不断完善对规范行业市场秩序,提升蚕丝被产品质量具有重要意义。     

用下脚茧生产高弹性保健丝绵被的工艺研究

采用膨化煮茧技术将蚕茧脱胶,并对丝绵进行增加回弹性的柔软后整理处理,使丝纤维特别富有回弹性、柔软感,长久使用丝纤维亦不会粘并、缠结。同时,对新工艺生产的丝绵被进行了质量指标检测,结果表明:提高了丝绵被的内在质量,提升了产品的档次。     

机制丝绵的精练和后整理工艺探讨

以提高丝绵产品的性能为目的,采用精练剂代替皂碱法对丝绵进行精练和后整理,通过正交试验得出最佳的机制丝绵三步法精练和后整理工艺,保证了精练和后整理后丝绵的强力。结果表明:H2O2的体积浓度为10 mL/L,去油灵TF-101BN、精练剂c-180和柔软剂TF-404A的质量浓度分别为0.5、0.04、10 g/L时,脱胶得到的丝绵强力最大。     

高弹高保暖丝绵的性能

 采用碱液、超高温和自制柔软剂处理研制高性能丝绵。通过碱液浓度、柔软剂浓度、超高温处理时间和柔软剂处理时间的正交试验设计,对相关指标进行DPS数据分析,发现4因素对丝绵的弹性回复率没有显著的影响,而柔软剂对弹性压缩率和含油率均有显著影响。丝绵的弹性回复率为92.37%~97.66%,弹性压缩率为59.21%~66.77%,均优于行业标准蚕丝绵被特级品的规定。丝绵的含油率为0.28%~1.39%,均优于行业标准蚕丝绵被一级品的规定。丝绵的平均保温率在81.91%~85.24%之间,传热系数的平均值在21.37~27.13 W/(m2.℃)之间。超高温蒸汽处理有利于增加丝绵的弹性和蓬松性。提出了丝绵加工比较适宜的工艺条件组合。     

新型多功能丝绵被的研制与开发

利用高新技术改造传统丝绵被，研制与生产新型多功能丝绵被新产品，采用茧丝膨化煮茧技术将蚕茧脱胶，并对丝绵进行特殊的柔软、膨松加工技术，使丝绵被的丝纤维富有高回弹性、柔软感和膨松性，长久使用丝纤维亦不会结并，有免翻拆的优点。对丝绵被进行多功能性整理，赋予其抗菌、促进人体血液微循环、持久芳香、保健卫生功能。新型多功能丝绵被彻底改变了丝绵被品种单一的局面，实现了丝绵被的多样化和功能化，提高了丝绵被内在质量，增加了新的保健功能，迎合了市场发展需要。     

《蚕丝被》国家标准修订解析及实施建议

近年来蚕丝被产业保持蓬勃发展的良好势头,但也出现了丝绵增重等不良现象。为解决蚕丝被的相关问题,满足高质量发展的要求,有关方面组织开展了国家标准的修订工作。文章介绍GB/T 24252-2009《蚕丝被》国家标准的修订背景及原则,全面解析标准的主要修订内容,着重强调蚕丝被填充物(蚕丝绵)不允许增重,具体指出标准不足之处,初步提出了标准的实施建议,以便于蚕丝被生产、消费、检验等相关方面更好地理解、领会和应用标准,从而推动提高蚕丝被产品质量、规范蚕丝被市场秩序、维护产销双方合法权益,以及促进行业健康稳定发展。     

Studies on structural and fibre quality characteristics of eri silk cocoons in different seasons and places

Maximum mature larval, cocoon and shell weight were observed during winter season followed by spring and autumn seasons of both white and brick red eri cocoons. Cocoon weight and shell weight were found about 40 and 5%, respectively, as compared to mature larval weight. Degumming loss was estimated at about 10% for white eri and 12% for brick red eri cocoons. Weight of silk fibres varies significantly between layers and decreasing trend was noted from outer to inner layers. Similar trend was observed for single fibre denier and it differs significantly between places (ecoraces), seasons and layers of cocoons. Ascending trend for single fibre tenacity was found from floss to pelade layers of both white and brick red eri silk cocoons and significant influence was observed for places, seasons as well as layers whereas no impact was noted in case of single fibre breaking elongation. Regression equations between weight of degummed cocoon fibres, single fibre denier and single fibre tenacity and to its corresponding values for different places (ecoraces), seasons and cocoon layers were established and estimated R² and ‘t’ values confirmed the significance of these regression equations.     

棕榈油基油酥肉松的研制

以鲜猪肉为主要原料,配以白砂糖、盐、棕榈油等辅料,采用单因素实验和正交实验对油酥肉松的配方进行优化,并对不同油脂得到的油酥肉松储存稳定性进行了初步研究。确定油酥肉松的最佳配方为:以1 kg鲜猪肉计,白砂糖160 g、盐12 g、生抽酱油20 g、味精6 g、料酒20 g、棕榈油150 g。用该配方制作的肉松咸甜适中、香酥可口,且棕榈油制备的肉松比大豆油制备的品质更稳定。     

调味金枪鱼鱼松配方优化

目的 优化调味金枪鱼鱼松配方。方法 对金枪鱼碎肉制作鱼松进行研究。通过L9(34)正交试验设计对其配方进行优化, 以感官评定得分和鱼松疏松度为考核指标, 考察棕榈油、绵白糖、豌豆粉、调味料(生姜粉+五香粉+白酒)添加量对鱼松品质的影响。结果 棕榈油、绵白糖、豌豆粉、调味料的用量为16%、14%、16%、(0.8+0.8+3)%。按此条件生产的鱼松产品呈金黄色, 色泽均匀一致, 呈绒状, 纤维疏松, 口感肉质细腻, 有鱼香味。结论 本研究将金枪鱼下脚料用于鱼松生产, 出品率为72%, 增加了鱼松产品的多样性, 提高了金枪鱼下脚料的附加值。