复合变质对过共晶高硅铝合金组织和性能的影响

研究了复合变质对过共晶铝硅合金组织和性能的影响 ,实验结果表明 :经采用ZXH复合变质剂变质处理后 ,过共晶铝硅合金中的初晶硅晶粒平均尺寸由变质前的 2 5 0 μm变为 35 μm ,抗拉强度由变质前的 178MPa提高到2 36MPa ,冲击韧度由变质前的 7J/cm2 提高到 15 .4J/cm2 。所使用的这种新型变质剂具有同时细化初晶硅和共晶硅的功效 ,且具长效性。由此说明 ,这种复合变质剂是一种强效变质剂 ,工艺宽容性好 ,便于在生产中推广应用。     

热变形对共晶铝硅合金铸件组织和性能的影响

对共晶铝硅合金铸造试样实施热塑性变形,考察了变形工艺对其组织和性能的影响规律。研究表明,热变形可以球化共晶硅颗粒,焊合缩孔、缩松,从而使合金铸态下的抗拉强度由205MPa提高到260MPa,伸长率由3·2%提高到10%;合金热处理后的抗拉强度由292MPa提高到397·4MPa,伸长率由0·5%提高到6·5%;分别提高36·1%和1200%     

Nd变质过共晶Al-17.5%Si合金的微观组织和断口形貌

采用单一稀土元素Nd对过共晶Al-17.5%Si合金进行变质;采用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、电子探针、透射电镜及X射线衍射等方法对变质前后合金的微观组织、成分和相组成进行分析;并对变质前后合金的断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:加入0.3%Nd(质量分数)到过共晶Al-17.5%Si合金中可同时变质初生硅和共晶硅,经过变质处理后,初生硅的形状由星形和不规则形状变为块状,尺寸由40～60 μm减小到10～30 μm,共晶硅由长针状变成球状或短棒状;初生硅区域的主要成分是硅,中心边缘几乎检测不到Nd元素,Nd沿晶界分布;与未变质合金相比,经0.3%Nd变质后的Al-17.5%Si合金硅相上孪晶密度增大,变质后的合金中没有生成新相,a(Al)相和硅相的晶格常数变大;经0.3%Nd变质后,合金的整体性能大幅度提高,抗拉强度提高了35.8%,从120 MPa提高到163 MPa,伸长率从0.8%提高到2.2%,提高了175%.     

过共晶铝硅合金细化变质剂的研究

研究了一种过共晶铝硅合金的复合细化变质剂,具有同时细化初晶硅和变质共晶硅的良好效果,变质处理的过共晶铝硅合金中的块状初晶硅最大尺寸和杆状共晶硅长度尺寸均小于１００μｍ,其力学性能超过了目前国内外相同成分的过共晶铝硅合金。     

高强度高耐磨性铝硅合金的实验研究

制备了一种新型的高强度耐磨铝硅合金。采用自制的含有P、RE、Bi等多种元素的SX-1号双相变质剂对该合金进行变质处理。变质处理后,初晶Si和共晶Si平均尺寸在20μm以下;变质处理3 h后初晶硅平均尺寸一般在30μm左右,第四次重熔后初晶硅平均尺寸一般在40μm左右。经变质处理和T6热处理后,抗拉强度为249 MPa,伸长率为4.27%,硬度为108 HB,其耐磨性高于ZL109合金。试验结果表明,这种合金具有比共晶、亚共晶型铝硅合金更好的室温力学性能,又具有过共晶型铝硅合金耐磨、耐蚀、高温性能好等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

变质和热处理对Al-20%Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用P-Cu中间合金和Al-10%RE中间合金对过共晶Al-20%Si合金进行变质处理,研究了变质和热处理对Al-20%Si合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,合金经变质和热处理后,初晶硅尺寸得到明显细化,共晶硅由长针状变为细小的颗粒状,并且其抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度、冲击韧度得到明显改善,特别是当采用复合变质和T6工艺联合处理时,合金的抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度、冲击韧度长分别提高到306 MPa、0.48%、166.7 HB和11.009 8 J/cm2,比未变质铸态合金分别提高了27%、54.8%、37.3%和17.7%.原因在于复合变质与T6处理增加了基体的强度,抑制了裂纹的萌生和扩展.     

Sb变质对铝硅合金组织的影响

研究了较高含量的Sb元素作为变质剂对亚共晶铝硅合金与过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响。结果表明,大量的Sb元素对Al-5%Si和Al-10%Si亚共晶铝硅合金中共晶硅有很好的细化作用,使共晶硅厚度减小,AlSb作为异质核心,使共晶硅数量增加。但较高含量的Sb对Al-20%Si过共晶铝硅合金的细化产生了不利影响,使初晶硅变得粗大,出现了偏析,因此对过共晶铝硅合金进行Sb变质时,应与P变质剂作复合变质剂用。     

Mg及Mn元素对Al-Si合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜等手段对Mg和Mn复合变质处理后的过共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及形貌进行观察。结果表明:随着Si含量的增加,Al-Si合金中有粗大的不规则板条状的初生硅和长条状的共晶硅生成,且随Si含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度呈下降趋势,布氏硬度则逐渐增加;在Al-20Si合金中添加0.9%Mg后,合金中的初生硅和共晶硅得到明显细化,合金的力学性能提高;0.9Mg-xMn的加入可同时变质Al-20Si合金的初生硅和共晶硅,初生硅的形状由星形和不规则形状变为块状,共晶硅由长针状变成球状或短棒状;0.9Mg-0.5Mn复合加入后,合金的铸态抗拉强度最高,达到了210 MPa,较Al-20Si和Al-20Si-0.9Mg合金分别提高64%和37%;热处理以后的抗拉强度达到345 MPa,较铸态的提高64%。     

Sr-PM复合变质过共晶铝硅合金

研究了PM和Al-10Sr复合变质过共晶铝硅合金A390.考察了复合变质剂的加入顺序、加入量以及变质的长效性.试验发现:PM和Sr复合变质剂的加入顺序对过共晶铝硅合金A390变质效果影响很大,先加入PM变质剂,后加入Sr变质剂,变质后初晶硅呈现开花状形貌,共晶硅为细小的圆点状;先加入Sr变质剂,后加入PM变质剂,初晶硅变质效果明显优于单独PM变质效果.加入PM质量分数为1%时,Al-10Sr变质剂的最佳加入量为合金质量的0.4%,变质后初晶硅平均尺寸可达到35 μm,而且PM与Sr复合变质具有很好的长效性.     

Al-P-RE-Sr复合变质过共晶铝硅合金

研究了Al-P-RE-Sr复合变质工艺对Al-30%Si合金中初生硅和共晶硅的细化效果.复合变质处理后,可同时细化初生硅和共晶硅,使初晶硅长时间成弥散状态,不发生聚集,平均尺寸不超过35μm,同时共晶硅也被细化成纤维状或点状,变质长效性可达7h以上;材料的力学性能也得到了提高,抗拉强度达到234.3MPa,伸长率达到3.0%.     

Influences of complex modification of P and RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy

P and RE complex modification of hypereutectic A1-Si alloys was conducted. The influences of P, RE content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated. The complex modifications of P and RE make the coarse block primary silicon obviously refined and the large needle eutectic silicon modified to the fine fibrous or lamella ones. P mainly refines the primary silicon, but excess P is unfavorable to the refinement of primary silicon. RE can well refine the primary and eutectic silicon, but its modification effect on the eutectic silicon is more obvious. P can repress the modification of RE on the eutectic silicon The alloys with the additions of 0.08% P and 0.60% RE have the optimal microstructure and the highest mechanical properties. Compared with the unmodified alloy, the primary silicon of alloys can be refined from 66.4 μm to 23.3μm and the eutectic silicon can be refined from 8.3 μm to 5.2μm. The tensile strength is improved from 256 MPa to 306 MPa and the elongation is improved from 0.35% to 0.48%.     

过共晶 Al-Si 合金的变质处理

研究了不同变质剂Ｐ、Ｓ、ＲＥ以及Ｐ与Ｓ、Ｐ与ＲＥ对过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的变质效果。结果表明：Ｐ与ＲＥ联合变质的变质效果最佳,既能细化初生硅,又能细化共晶硅。经Ｐ－ＲＥ联合变质的过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金,抗拉强度可达２８２ＭＰａ,耐磨性明显优于ＺＬ１０８。     

Variation of microstructure of RE-containing AlSi20Cu2Ni1RE0.6 alloy with different cobalt contents

Cobalt is generally considered as the element that can promote the high-temperature mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. In order to develop new hypereutectic Al-Si alloys that can be used at high temperature, the changes of microstructure of Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni-0.6RE-xCo alloy with different contents of Co were studied in this paper. The results show that, under P-RE complex modification of the alloy melt, the content of Co varying from 0 to 1.5% had little influence on the refining effect of primary Si and modification effect of eutectic Si, but the amount of acicular RE-bearing Al-RE-Ni-Co-Si compounds gradually increased with the increase of Co content. In addition, Co could also modify the morphology of Fe-bearing phases, which solidified as particles instead of long needles. The addition of Co even has an adverse effect on the tensile strength of this RE-containing hypereutectic Al-Si alloy.     

Effect of hot extrusion process on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys

The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy was fabricated by hot extrusion process after solidified under electromagnetic stirring,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied.The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reached 229.5 MPa and 4.6%,respectively with the extrusion ratio of 10,and 263.2 MPa and 5.4%,respectively with extrusion ratio of 20.This indicates that the mechanical properties of the alloy are obviously improved with the increase of extrusion ratio.After hot extruded,the primary Si,eutectic Si,Mg2Si,AlNi,Al7Cu4Ni and Al-Si-Mn-Fe-Cr-Mo phases are refined to different extent,and the efficiency of refinement is obvious more and more with the increase of extrusion ratio.After T6 heat treatment,the sharp corners of these phases become passivated and roundish,and the mechanical properties are improved.The ultimate tensile strength of the extruded alloy after T6 heat treatment reaches 335.3 MPa with extrusion ratio of 10 and 353.6 MPa with extrusion ratio of 20.     

RE、Sr对高铁ZL101合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和INSTRON5882材料试验机研究了加入量为0.12%的Sr与不同含量的RE(RE含量分别为0、0.12%、0.24%、0.36%、0.48%和0.60%)复合加入对Fe含量为1.2%的ZL101合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在Sr加入量一定的情况下,适量RE与Sr复合变质可明显地改善高铁ZL101合金中的针片状β-Fe相形貌,使其由针状转变为细小的短棒状。同时,可以细化α-Al晶粒,T6热处理使共晶硅变为颗粒状。适量RE能提高Sr变质高铁ZL101合金的抗拉强度,但对其伸长率的提高不明显。当Sr含量为0.12%,RE含量为0.36%时,高铁ZL101合金在T6热处理态下的抗拉强度最大值为213MPa,比对应的铸态168MPa,提高了26.8%。     

Effects of P+Cr complex modification and solidification conditions on microstmcture of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by wedge-shaped copper mould casting

Large and segregated primary Si particles may drastically decrease the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. To solve this problem, a P-Cr complex modif ier was added into the alloy, and the effects of P-Cr complex modification and solidification conditions on the microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys casting produced in wedge-shaped copper mould were studied. The thermal analysis technique was applied to calculate the cooling rate during solidification. The microstructures were observed by means of optical and scanning electron microscopies. Results showed that the primary Si segregates in the as-cast hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. The segregation of primary Si can be inhibited by adding a P+Cr complex modif ier and increasing the cooling rate during solidif ication. The ref inement of primary Si particles by P+Cr complex modif ication is due to the formation of CrS i2 and AlP particles which act as the heterogeneous nuclei for the primary Si phase. The segregation of Si was also inhibited through the adherence of heavier CrS i2 particles to the primary Si particles.     

P+RE变质对过共晶Al-Si合金组织的影响

采用P+RE对过共晶Al-Si合金进行复合变质。结果表明,P+RE复合变质对初晶硅和共晶硅均有很好的变质效果。五心瓣状初晶Si尺寸明显减小且棱角钝化,共晶Si由原来的长针状变为短杆状,微观组织得到明显的细化。同时也对P+RE的变质机理进行了论述。     

Microstructural Characteristic and Mechanical Behavior of Nodular Silicon Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys containing 12 wt.% to 30 wt.% Si are discussed. The eutectic and primary silicon particles are nodulized by a designed modification practice followed by a solution heat treatment of 6 h to 8 h at 510°C to 520°C. Metallographic analysis was used to measure structural characteristics of the Si-rich structures. Spheroidization of silicon phase leads to an increase in tensile strength and ductility of alloys at room temperature and 300°C compared with commercial Al-Si alloy. Increasing Si concentration causes the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature to fall due to the appearance of coarse silicon particles, but the ultimate tensile strength at 300°C remains unchanged.     

复合变质对Al-20%Si合金耐磨性能的影响

在不同P、RE添加量下对P-RE复合变质和未变质的过共晶铝硅合金的耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:P-RE复合变质明显提高了合金的耐磨性,当加入0.08%P和0.6%RE时,合金的耐磨性达到最佳,磨损失重量从未变质的5.2mg降低到4.225mg,减少了19%。磨损主要为磨粒磨损,磨粒来源是硅相的破碎剥落。合金耐磨性能的改善与复合变质引起的共晶硅和初晶硅颗粒的细化和合金强度、塑性的提高有关。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与高温力学性能

研究了往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与高温力学性能。结果表明,往复挤压可显著细化Mg-4Al-2Si合金的组织,随着挤压道次的增加,基体晶粒与Mg2Si相颗粒不断细化,其中,基体晶粒由于动态再结晶而细化。挤压8道次时,基体晶粒和Mg2Si颗粒的平均尺寸分别由铸态的45μm和20μm减小至1.5μm和1.3μm;但是,当挤压道次为11时,基体晶粒与Mg2Si相颗粒均出现粗化现象。往复挤压可使合金的高温力学性能大幅度提高,挤压8道次时,高温屈服强度最高,为197 MPa;挤压11道次时,高温抗拉强度最高,为256 MPa,与铸态高温强度相比,分别提高了163.9%和239.7%。合金的高温强化机制为Mg2Si颗粒的弥散强化作用,高温拉伸断裂形式为微孔聚合型韧性断裂。