精炼钢包底喷粉透气砖的研制与实验研究

针对传统钢包喷粉工艺的不足,开发了从钢包底部喷吹的喷粉型狭缝式透气砖。这种带锥形流化室的透气砖,既可用于钢包底吹气又可用于钢包底喷粉,在冷热态条件下进行了实验并获得成功。     

钢包外装底吹氩透气砖装置的研制与应用

武钢第二炼钢厂通过把原用钢包内装式底吹氩透气砖改造为外装式底吹氮透气砖，并采用在钢包热态下更换透气砖、透气砖复通、透气砖生成类蘑菇头以及热修补等技术，使钢包的底吹氮成功率提高到99％以上，满足了品种钢生产的需要，缩短了钢包维修时间，减轻了工人劳动强度。     

提高精炼钢包底吹吹成率的措施

对钢包底吹透气砖损毁机理和开吹失败的原因进行了分析，提出了提高底吹透气砖吹成率的措施，底吹透气砖吹成率得到了明显的改善，使首钢第三炼钢厂钢包底吹率达到100％。     

提高复吹转炉透气砖寿命和冶金效果的新技术

为了提高复吹转炉透气砖寿命和冶金效果,研究了大流量透气砖底吹不对称供气技术。采用水模试验方法,底吹气量按3.3∶1分两路供气,每隔1炉交换1次。结果表明,供气强度在0.2m~3/(t·min)时,透气砖侵蚀速度与单根毛细管的气体流量呈正比。毛细管根数增加1倍,透气砖的供气能力提高1倍。采用大流量、大尺寸透气砖不对称交错供气的技术,可使透气砖的侵蚀速度减少50%,寿命提高1倍。转炉炼钢的熔池混匀时间缩短19.2%,铁水脱磷预处理熔池混匀时间缩短63%,复吹转炉的冶金效果得到明显改善。与复吹转炉预埋透气砖和更换透气砖的方法相比,可以更有效地提高转炉的复吹炉龄和冶金效果。     

钢包底吹氩透气砖的改进

通过介绍钢包用透气砖的特性来选择透气砖的材质、改进透气砖的结构形式，以及采用相关措施提高钢包底吹透气砖的使用寿命。     

钢包底吹氩工艺的实践

分析了钢包冶金对底吹氩工艺的要求及透气砖侵蚀机理，确定了合理的底吹氩工艺参数、透气砖材质及安装位置，并采取了有效措施提高了透气砖寿命和钢包吹氩率。     

钢包底吹氩工艺实践

广钢50t钢包底吹氩工艺，采用先进的吹氩控制装置，实现透气砖及座砖与钢包底寿命同步。透气砖重复开吹率100％，操作简便可靠，工艺效果和经济效益明显。     

酒钢120t钢包底吹外装式透气砖应用工艺优化研究

透气砖在钢包吹氩中有极其重要的作用,其材质、安装方式、管路维护是影响钢包寿命及安全性的关键因素,介绍了酒钢120 t钢包底吹透气砖的安装方式、材质,阐明了透气砖底吹失败的原因,通过工艺优化等措施解决了透气性差的问题,提高了吹开率及透气砖的一次性使用寿命,为技术指标进步奠定了基础。     

双透气砖在钢包底吹氩中的初步应用

论述了钢包底吹氩时单透气砖在生产使用中存在的不足，并简略分析了采用双透气砖吹氩后相对单透气砖吹氩所取得的效果。     

转炉45t钢包底吹Ar工艺的实践

本文介绍了以钢包底吹Ａｒ工艺取代钢包顶吹Ａｒ工艺，叙述了钢包底吹Ａｒ透气砖的选型、安装及底吹Ａｒ效果。     

精炼钢包缝隙式透气砖内钢液渗透行为

 研究分析了钢包缝隙式透气砖内钢液的渗透机理,并依据缝隙内渗透金属液的动量守恒及能量守恒,建立了描述缝隙内钢液渗透的数学模型,对钢液渗透的动力学行为进行了研究,理论计算结果与试验数据进行了对比。研究结果表明,透气砖缝隙内钢液渗透主要是由于黏附力达到极限导致的,渗透一旦发生,金属液会在较短时间内迅速渗入透气砖缝隙;受缝隙长度影响,钢液的渗透过程存在不稳定渗透阶段,之后渗透深度达到最大值,并不再发生变化,研究结果为底喷粉元件抗渗透性设计提供了依据。     

狭缝式透气砖底喷粉铁水脱硫的实验研究

 为研究狭缝式透气砖底喷粉对铁水脱硫效果的影响,以氮气为载体,通过狭缝式透气砖从底部向装有100 kg铁水的感应炉中喷吹石灰粉。实验结果表明,该工艺操作简单,稳定可靠,脱硫率高,无喷溅现象,铁损少,温降小,无污染,处理周期短,投资省,是比较理想的脱硫新工艺,具有广阔的应用前景。     

喷粉透气砖狭缝内气--固两相流动数值模拟

狭缝型喷粉透气砖是铁水底喷粉脱硫预处理工艺重要功能性元件,对底喷粉脱硫工艺的顺利实施影响重大.结合实际应用情况,基于欧拉-欧拉双流体和颗粒动力学理论,对喷粉透气砖狭缝内气-固两相流进行了三维数值模拟,得到狭缝内的流场、压力场和颗粒相体积分数场分布.喷粉透气砖狭缝内颗粒相体积分数非均匀段长度一般为250 mm,加速段长度一般小于250 mm,在颗粒直径为20μm时单缝内的压降最大,为2350 Pa.工业试验结果表明,底喷粉工艺脱硫效率比同类型顶喷粉工艺提高15%以上.     

精炼钢包狭缝喷粉水模型研究

鉴于对狭缝式钢包底吹喷粉新工艺缺乏相关的研究,则采用往水模型的水溶液中喷吹氯化钠粉剂来研究狭缝在不同条件下对钢包喷粉精炼效果的影响。结果表明：减小狭缝的宽度有利于提高喷粉的有效利用率;狭缝喷粉的有效利用率高于圆孔喷粉;偏心底和侧部喷粉的有效利用率高于中心底喷粉;在底喷粉条件下,狭缝喷粉的有效利用率随空塔速度的增大而先增加后减小,并存在一个最佳的空塔速度。     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Interfacial Behavior in Three‐phase Argon‐Stirred Ladles with One Plug and Dual Plugs

A numerical investigation is performed to describe the quasi‐steady fluid flow and interfacial behavior in a three‐phase argon gas‐stirred ladle with off‐centered bottom Ar injection through a plug and two plugs placed in 180° and 90°configurations, respectively. The flow of the fluid phase is solved in an Eulerian frame of reference together with the motion of every individually injected Ar bubble, tracked in its own Lagrangian frame. Volume of fluid (VOF) model is used to track any interface between two or more immiscible phases, which include slag/metal, slag/gas and metal/gas. The characteristics of fluid flow in a gas‐stirred ladle with one plug or two plugs configuration are described when the slag layer and the top gas are presented. The slag layer deformation and slag open‐eye formation at different Ar gas flow rates for three types of plug arrangements are given. The comparison of the mixing time, the deformation of slag layer and the behavior of slag/steel interface between one‐plug and two‐plug system is made. Several implications for ladle operational issues during a gas‐stirred ladle refining cycle are discussed. It is found that the proper selection of Ar gas flow rate and plug arrangements during a ladle refining cycle is required for different refining purposes considering the mixing and metallurgical reaction in a three‐phase ladle system.     

透气砖在炉底位置与钢液吹氩行为的数值模拟

以精炼钢包为研究对象,在不同的透气砖位置的条件下,采用多相流模型计算了吹氩后钢包内钢液的流场,通过对流场数值的多元回归,计算了透气砖在钢包底部的最佳位置.结果表明:随着透气砖在钢包底部位置的变化,吹氩对钢液的搅拌效果也有很大的影响,当透气砖位置在钢包底部距中心位置为0.44R₀~0.48R₀之间时,底吹氩对钢液搅拌得更均匀.     

Effect of Elliptical Snorkel on the Decarburization Rate in Single Snorkel Refining Furnace

In the present work, physical model experiments were performed to investigate the effect of elliptical snorkel on the decarburization in single snorkel refining furnace. A round snorkel with the same cross‐section area as the elliptical snorkel was also made for comparison. Bubble behavior was recorded by a high speed video camera in this study. A volumetric mass transfer coefficient kA/V was used to evaluate the decarburization rate. Measurement of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kA/V was made by means of the carbon dioxide desorption from a NaOH solution. It is found when the plug location is close to the center of the ladle bottom, almost all the bubbles get into the snorkels. However, when the plug location is too far away from the center of ladle bottom, bubbles will escape from the outside of the snorkel. kA/V generally rises with increasing gas flow rate. Moreover, kA/V is increased when the plug is moved from the center to the half radius of the ladle bottom. However, kA/V is decreased when the plug is moved from the half radius of ladle bottom to the ladle sidewall. It is indicated that kA/V for the elliptical snorkel is larger than that for the round one when the plug is located between the center and half radius of ladle bottom. Nevertheless, when the plug is located between the half radius and the ladle sidewall, the kA/V for the elliptical snorkel is smaller than that for the round one.     

CAS喷粉精炼熔池混合行为的水模型试验

通过1:4水模型装置模拟150 t CAS钢包精炼过程熔池内流场特征和渣面裸露情况,以确定最佳的喷吹位置和研究喷吹参数对熔池均混时间的影响。结果表明,喷吹气量和底吹流量越大,喷枪插入越深,浸渍罩插入越浅,则均混时间越短;底吹位置离钢包中心越近,均混效果越差。分析得出,150 t CAS钢包增加喷粉后,最佳底吹位置为离钢包中心0.35R(R为钢包下口半径)处。     

210 t LF精炼底吹氩过程气、渣、钢液三相流场优化的数值模拟

基于湍流模型和VOF模型,通过CFD流体工程模拟软件FLUENT6.3.26,对吹氩过程210 t钢包炉(LF)内气、渣、钢液三相流场进行了数值模拟和分析,得出底吹氩孔位(单孔中心,单孔偏心,双孔)和氩气流量(100~500 L/min)对钢液循环流动、渣眼尺寸和卷渣等行为的影响。研究显示,单孔底吹钢包的孔位不同,混合速度和渣眼尺寸不同;渣眼处易卷渣;双孔底吹比单孔底吹死区小得多;氩气流量越大渣眼越大,但渣眼尺寸大于611mm时,其尺寸变化不大;210 t钢包的双孔底吹钢包内合适的吹氩量为200~300 L/min。