Ti/RuO_2-Co_3O_4阳极析氧性能

为制备高性能析氧电极,采用热分解法在400℃温度下制备Ti/RuO2(x)-Co3O4(1-x)(0≤x≤1,x为Ru的摩尔分数)复合氧化物电极,通过电极开路电压、循环伏安曲线及极化曲线等分析其在1.0mol/LKOH溶液中的析氧催化活性及析氧动力学.结果表明,摩尔分数为10%的RuO2使电极催化活性急剧变化,摩尔分数为50%的RuO2复合氧化物电极具有最大的伏安电荷(429.63mC.cm-2)、最高的表面粗糙度(1786),其析氧性能最佳;Ti/Co3O4在高、低过电位区域电极对OH-的反应级数分别近似为1.0和2.0,含RuO2电极反应级数均为1.0.     

新型钛-铜基复合基体阳极的制备及性能研究

引入铜金属作为基体组元来替代传统钛电极单一钛基体,借助扫描电镜及能谱仪研究Ti-Cu复合基的界面形貌及界面处元素分布,通过分析电极的线性扫描伏安(LSV)曲线,对比研究其涂层电极与传统钛涂层电极的电化学性能差异.研究表明:利用真空热压扩散烧结法可制备界面冶金式结合的Ti-Cu复合基材料,其界面的扩散反应和变化形式为:Cu+2Ti→Cu Ti2,3Cu Ti2+5Cu→2Cu4Ti3,Cu Ti2+Cu4Ti3→5Cu Ti,Cu4Ti3+8Cu→3Cu4Ti,Ti-Cu复合基涂层电极与传统钛涂层电极相比,其析氯电位负移40~90 m V,电极电催化活性提高.     

电弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N涂层高温氧化形貌分析

利用电弧离子镀在1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢表面上沉积了(Ti,Al)N梯度涂层,通过用扫描电镜对700℃空气条件下氧化500h试样表面形貌分析来测定其抗高温氧化性能.分析表明:700℃条件下(Ti,Al)N涂层试样表面形成致密完整的Al2O3氧化物层,在200h以后出现少数氧化物颗粒的长大现象.分析认为(Ti,Al)N涂层优良的抗高温氧化性能是由于其特有的成分与结构所致.(Ti,Al)N为陶瓷涂层,氧化时先要发生氮化物的分解,而生成的Al2O3氧化膜不仅可以抑制O、Al等元素的扩散,也会抑制N元素的扩散,使N2在氧化反应界面处富集而降低氧分压,从而会进一步降低氧化速度,少数大氧化物颗粒的出现对涂层的高温氧化性影响甚微.     

钛基二氧化锡纳米涂层的制备与改进

采用热分解法,制备了Ti/SnO2和添加活性元素的Ti/SnO2纳米涂层,并研究了涂层的结构与物化性能。结果表明:普通热分解方法可制备纳米二氧化锡涂层,其晶体结构为金红石结构;热氧化为500℃时,往Ti/SnO2涂层中添加Ru、Co能显著提高Ti/SnO2涂层的电催化性能,而添加La则无作用;制备的Ti/SnRuCo涂层,具有结合强度高、电催化性能好和孔隙率小的特点。     

热分解法合成制备Ti/RuO2-HfO2的工艺优化与电容性能研究

通过热分解法制备Ti∕RuO2-HfO2二元复合氧化物涂层,利用XRD对涂层组织结构进行表征,通过循环伏安和充放电曲线分析对涂层的超电容性质进行研究。实验结果表明,Hf的加入有利于非晶态组织的形成;随着Hf含量的增加,电极比电容呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,当Hf含量为50%时,电极比电容最大;Hf具有促进电化学稳定性的作用。     

碳纳米管改性Sb-SnO_2/Ti电极制备及性能

为了提高Sb-SnO_2/Ti电极的电催化氧化活性和稳定性,采用溶胶-凝胶-热分解法制备了CNTs掺杂改性的CNTs-Sb-SnO_2/Ti电极,借助于SEM、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和降解刚果红实验对其微观结构和性能进行了表征,并通过加速寿命实验考察电极的稳定性。结果表明,当CNTs最佳掺杂量为2.0 g/L时,CNTs-Sb-SnO_2/Ti电极比Sb-SnO_2/Ti电极对刚果红的去除率提高了14.7%;改性后的电极表面相对粗糙且增加了孔隙结构,从而提高了电极的比表面积;改性电极具有更高的析氧电位和更小的界面转移阻抗;加速寿命实验表明改性电极的稳定性也得到了提高,使用寿命增加了27 h。     

50％IrO2-50％Ta2O5被覆钛阳极涂层的组织结构研究

IrO2-Ta2O5／Ti是优异的电催化活性材料。文章着重研究了广泛应用于析氧领域的钛基被覆50％IrO2-50％Ta2O5二元涂层阳极组织结构变化和涂层形貌。结果表明,涂层经450—600℃烧结,出现IrO2基含Ta固溶体;Ta2O5的晶化温度超过600℃;涂层呈“圆石状”形貌。     

不同基体材料的载钯修饰电极的制备及比较

以玻碳板、钛网和泡沫镍为基体材料,通过电沉积法制备载钯催化电极,对比研究基体材料对电极电催化活性的影响.循环伏安测试表明,Pd/GC电极、Pd/Ti电极和Pd/foam-Ni电极的氢吸附峰值分别为-23.46 mA、-59.57 mA和-60.53 mA.扫描电镜分析表明,基体材料影响钯在电极表面的沉积形态,GC板表面呈菱形块状,Ti网表面呈现针状结构,foam-Ni表面呈绒毛状.多孔foam-Ni及Ti网比表面积较大,Pd沉积后拥有更多的催化位点,增强了电极的电催化性能,增大了电极的脱氯潜能.     

Al涂层对Ni基合金高温氧化性能的影响

为了研究Al涂层对Ni基合金高温氧化性能及氧化机理的影响,采用磁控溅射方法在Ni基合金表面制备了Al涂层,在600℃下对涂层进行了真空扩散退火和预氧化处理,并研究了涂层在1 100℃下的高温氧化性能.利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了氧化膜的截面形貌及组成.结果表明,Ni基合金氧化动力学曲线近似服从抛物线规律,且合金的氧化增重最大.经过1 100℃高温氧化后,Ni基合金表面形成三层氧化膜,外层为Ni O、Cr_2O_3、Al_2O_3的混合氧化物和少量尖晶石氧化物,中间层主要为Ni的氧化物,内层为Al_2O_3.Al涂层试样的氧化增重相对较小,表明Al涂层在一定程度上提高了Ni基合金的抗氧化性能.     

热处理温度和pH值对CuCoMnO_x复合氧化物结构与性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在304L不锈钢表面制备了CuCoMnOx尖晶石型复合氧化物太阳能选择性吸收涂层。借助XRD、SEM、XRF、FT-IR、EDS等表征复合氧化物的结构,使用UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计和FT-IR红外光谱仪测试涂层反射率。研究了热处理温度和溶胶pH值对复合氧化物晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和涂层光学性能的影响。结果表明:随热处理温度的升高,复合氧化物晶体的尖晶石结构逐渐形成,晶粒逐渐长大;随溶胶pH值的增大,金属颗粒在溶胶中的分散程度增加,晶粒长大明显。当溶胶pH=3.5,热处理温度为550℃时,晶体的尖晶石结构完整,晶粒尺寸为400~600nm;此时制备的CuCoMnOx尖晶石型复合氧化物太阳能选择性吸收涂层光学性能优异,α=0.903,ε=0.148 3,品质因子为6.09。     

Electrophoretic coating of Hydroxyapatite on pyrolytic carbon using glycol as dispersion medium

Hydroxyapatite （HA） coatings on pyrolytic carbon were produced via electrophoretic deposition （EPD） using glycol and ethanol as dispersion medium respectively. The effect of the solubility of HA in the dispersion medium on crack occurrence and adherence of the coating was investigated by means of scanning electronic microscope （SEM） and atomic absorption spectrometer （AAS）. The results show that the solubility of HA in glycol is higher than that in ethanol. The usage of glycol as a dispersion medium can reduce the possibility of crack formation and enhance the adhesive strength between the coating and the carbon substrate. The green coatings can be sintered under vacuum at 1 000 ℃ whether the coatings are obtained using ethanol or glycol as dispersion medium. No HA decomposition was observed up to 1 000 ℃ by vacuum sintering by X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis.     

零VOC涂料用纯丙乳胶共混研究

低成膜温度和高力学性能是目前乳胶合成的研究重点.采用半连续预乳化工艺合成了高玻璃化转变温度Tg(约40℃)的P(MMA/BA/AA)乳胶和低玻璃化转变温度Tg(约-40℃)的P(2-EHA/BMA/AA)乳胶,通过对不同质量比的P(MMA/BA/AA)/ P(2-EHA/BMA/AA)乳胶共混研究,得出当两者质量比为30∶70时,制备的乳胶在室温下能自然成膜,光泽度良好,涂膜硬度为3~4H,所得乳胶符合水性涂料的使用要求.     

用PCVD法制备抗高温氧化涂层的研究

研究了用ＰＣＶＤ法所制备的ＴｉＮ,ＴｉＡ１Ｎ及ＴｉＳｉＮ硬质涂层的抗高温氧化性及ＴｉＮ涂层在双氧水介质中的抗氧化性。结果表明,ＴｉＡ１Ｎ,ＴｉＳｉＮ涂层在空气中的抗高温氧化性可达７００℃以上, ＴｉＮ涂层可达６００℃。在双氧水介质中, ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ涂层仍具有较强的抗氧化能力, 且优于ＰＶＤ－ＴｉＮ 涂层     

Abrasive wear behaviors of high velocity arc sprayed iron aluminum composite coatings

The High Velocity Arc Spraying （HVAS） technology was used to prepare Fe-Al composite coatings by the adding of different elements into cored wires to obtain different Fe-Al coatings. The added compounds do great effect on the properties of the composite coatings. The microstructures and abrasive wear performances of the coatings were assessed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and THT07-135 high temperature wear equipment. It was found that the adding of Cr3C2 can greatly increase the room temperature wear behavior, and Fe-Al/WC coatings have adapting periods at the beginning of wear experiment. With the rise of temperature, the wear resistance of Fe-AI/Cr3C2 coatings becomes bad from room temperature to 250℃, and then stable from 250℃ to 550℃; the wear resistance of Fe-Al/WC becomes well with the rise of temperature. The adding of Cr and Ni can also improve wear performances of Fe-Al composite coatings.     

Oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc spraying

Fe-Al intermetallics with remarkable high-temperature intensity and excellent erosion, high-temperature oxidation and sulfuration resistance are potential low cost high-temperature structural materials. But the room tem perature brittleness induces shape difficult and limits its industrial application. The Fe-Al intermetallic coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology with cored wire on 20G steel, which will not only obviate the problems faced in fabrication of these alloys into useful shapes, but also allow the effective use of their outstanding high-temperature performance. The Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings was studied by means of thermogrativmetic analyzer at 450, 650 and 800 ℃. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation at three temperatures approximately follows the logarithmic law. The composition of the oxidized coating is mainly composed of Al2 O3, Fe2 O3, Fe3 O4 and FeO. These phases distribute unevenly. The protective Al2 O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.     

Non-isothermal Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Three Kinds of Fresh Biomass

The pyrolysis kinetics of three different kinds of fresh biomass （grass： triple A, wheat straw, corn straw） in nitrogen flow were studied by thermogravimetric analysis at five different heating rates. The kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process were calculated using the method of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and the mechanism of reactions were investigated using the method of Popescu. It was found that the values of activation energy varied in different temperature ranges. The pyrolysis processes are well described by the models of Zhuravlev （Zh） and valid for diffusion-controlled between 200 ℃ and 280 ℃, by Ginstling-Brounshtein （G-B）, valid for diffusion-control between 280 ℃ and 310 ℃, for first-order chemical reaction between 310℃ and 350 ℃. by Zhuravlev （Zh） valid for diffusion-control between 350 ℃ and 430 ℃ and by the one-way transport model when temperatures are over 430 ℃.     

甲烷磺酸锌的热分析及脱水动力学

合成了水合甲烷磺酸锌,并通过热重及差式扫描量热技术,在动态空气气氛下对脱水及热降解过程进行了表征。经计算,水合甲烷磺酸锌含有4个结晶水,分2步失去(在30～88℃与88～170℃)。脱水后,330～480℃之间为无水盐的主要热降解过程,并利用X-射线衍射测定其中间产物。结果可知,在500℃时,四水甲烷磺酸锌热分解中间产物为含氧硫酸锌(Zn3O(SO4)2)。在810℃,最终分解为ZnO。讨论了不同升温速率(5、10、15和20℃/min)下Zn(CH3SO3)2·4H2O的脱水过程,并进行了非等温脱水动力学研究。利用几种等转换率法计算活化能E,结果较为一致,并计算出频率因子A及反应级数n。分别确定了两步脱水反应的速率方程。     

纳米ZnO前驱体的热分析表征

以Zn(Ac)2.2H2O-乙醇胺-异丙醇为原料制备了纳米ZnO的前驱体。利用DSC-TGI、R和XRD研究了前驱体在热处理过程中所发生的组成和物相的变化以及热分解机理。结果表明,前驱体与纯二水醋酸锌、乙醇胺和异丙醇的热分解过程大相径庭,乙醇胺已经有效地嵌入前驱体溶胶的网络中。前驱体在80~110℃时异丙醇溶剂大量脱附,二水醋酸锌失去2个结晶水;在110~200℃时溶剂进一步挥发;在200~250℃时前驱体发生分解反应,这是ZnO的主要生成阶段;在250~450℃之间残留在ZnO晶格里的有机物进一步分解。因此前驱体的热处理温度应在450℃以上。     

热喷涂制备铝基复合材料涂层及其热处理工艺

为了提高铝基涂层的硬度和耐磨性,研制了两种新型复合材料涂层.采用可控气氛等离子喷涂的方法制备了不同比例的铝-氧化铝、铝-铝青铜复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料的组织形貌并进行成分分析,测定了其显微硬度.再对制得的复合材料涂层进行再结晶热处理,再次进行组织形貌观察和相分析,并进行显微硬度测试.结果表明：当铝和氧化铝比例为4∶3,铝和铝青铜比例为1∶3,热处理温度在350℃时,所得到的复合材料涂层的组织分布均匀,晶粒细小.