硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土损伤层及微观结构研究

为了研究硫酸盐侵蚀后喷射混凝土表面损伤层厚度变化,采用干湿交替方法,对同配合比模筑混凝土、喷射混凝土及钢纤维喷射混凝土进行硫酸盐侵蚀,利用超声波平测法对试件表层声时进行测定,采用回归方法对试验数据进行拟合,得出试件损伤层厚度。结果表明:随着干湿交替次数增加,试件表层超声波波速降低,试件密实度下降,损伤层厚度增大,用损伤层厚度表征试件硫酸盐侵蚀具有较好相关性。而后对硫酸盐侵蚀后喷射混凝土微观结构进行分析,发现喷射混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀破坏方式从初期钙矾石破坏转变为后期钙矾石、石膏复合破坏,且钙矾石及石膏含量随着交替次数的增多而增加;同时,对交替150次喷射混凝土试件进行钻孔分层取粉,对其进行物相分析及热分析,随着深度增加,试件中钙矾石含量先增大后减小继而平稳,但石膏含量持续减小,深度大于12mm时石膏含量为0。     

Sulfate Attack Resistance of Air-entrained Silica Fume Concrete under Dry-Wet Cycle Condition

Based on the erosion resistant coefficient,the effects of water-cement ratio,air-entrained,silica fume content and sand ratio on the sulfate attack resistance of air-entrained silica fume concrete were studied by orthogonal experiments in order to explore its sulfate attack resistance under dry-wet condition.A more significant model of concrete resistance to sulfate attack was also established,thus this work provided a strategy reference for quantitative design of sulfate attack resistant concrete.The experimental results show that dry-wet cycle deteriorates the concrete resistance to the sulfate attack,and leads to the remarkable declines of concrete strength and sulfate resistance.Air bubbles in the air-entrained silica fume concrete lower and delay the damage resulted from the crystallization sulfate salt.However this delay gradually disappears when most of the close bubbles are breached by the alternative running of the sulfate salt crystallization and the permeating pressure,and then the air bubbles are filled with sulfate salt crystallization.The concrete is provided with the strongest sulfate resistance when it is prepared with the 0.47 water-binder ratio,6.0% air-entrained,5% silica fume and 30% sand ratio.The erosion resistant coefficients K80 and K150 of this concrete are increased by 9%,7%,9%,and 5% respectively as compared with those of concretes without silica fume and air entraining.     

硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀环境下纤维沥青混合料低温抗裂性研究

基于国内外对硫酸盐腐蚀环境下纤维沥青混合料的低温抗裂性鲜有研究的现状,采用干湿循环作用下不同浓度(5%、10%)Na2SO4溶液加速劣化试验,研究了水镁石纤维沥青混合料在Na2SO4腐蚀介质中的低温抗裂性变化规律,并与聚酯纤维和玄武岩纤维沥青混合料进行对比;探索了沥青混合料硫酸盐腐蚀损伤机理及纤维在混合料中的阻裂作用。研究结果表明:与纯净水环境相比,沥青混合料在盐蚀环境下的低温抗裂性能劣化程度更为严重;Na2SO4溶液渗入沥青混合料空隙和裂缝中发生的结晶型侵蚀是导致沥青混合料低温抗裂性劣化的主要诱因;水镁石纤维具有优良的增强增韧效应,可以有效提高沥青混合料在硫酸盐腐蚀环境下的低温抗裂性。研究成果可为硫酸盐富集地区沥青混合料材料组成设计提供参考。     

Influence of Cement Types and Mineral Admixtures on Resistance of Mortar to Sulfate Attack under Lower Temperature

Mortar prisms made with different cements or mineral admixtures plus 30% mass of limes tone filler were stored in 2% magnesium sulfate solution at 5±1 ℃ for 1 year and their visual appearance,strength development were measured at intervals.The formation of thaumasite was checked and confirmed by XRD and FTIR.The results show that the relative resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack of the cements is outlined below,from best to worst:sulphoaluminate cement,sulfate resisting Portland cement,OPC.The resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack of mortar is remarkably improved by the addition of silica fume or ground granulated blastfurnace slag (SL),and the better the resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack,the more the addition of SL is.The thaumasite form of sulfate attack is decreased to a certain degree by a lower replacement of cement with fly ash,but it is accelerated by the addition of a higher amount of fly ash due to its lower reactivity.     

Deterioration Mechanisms of Sulfate Attack on Concrete under Alternate Action

By micro- and macro-observations, the deterioration mechanisms of concrete under alternate action between repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water and sodium sulfate solution attack (TW-SA) were studied; meanwhile, the single sodium sulfate solution attack (SA) was also done as comparison. Micro-observations included the analysis of attack products by thermal analysis method and the determination of sulfate-ion content from surface to interior by chemical titrating method (modified barium sulfate grav...     

硫酸盐侵蚀下水泥砂浆应力应变曲线及性能劣化研究

为分析硫酸盐侵蚀引起的混凝土弹性模量、抗压强度等力学性能劣化规律,开展硫酸盐侵蚀下水泥砂浆应力应变关系的试验研究。首先,采用增设高强度弹簧钢的方法,研制了一种经济实用的测试装置,调查硫酸盐腐蚀砂浆试件的应力-应变全曲线及其时变力学性能;然后,结合其微结构形貌及孔隙率的演变,分析硫酸盐侵蚀下水泥砂浆性能的劣化原因。最后,利用最小二乘法对力学性能的试验数据进行拟合,以硫酸盐溶液浓度与浸泡时间为变量,确定水泥砂浆化学损伤程度的数学表达式。研究结果表明：硫酸盐侵蚀不会改变水泥砂浆应力-应变曲线的形状,但会导致其力学性能退化;而数学拟合公式可定量分析浸泡于不同浓度硫酸盐溶液中的水泥砂浆力学性能的时变劣化程度。     

应力状态下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀深度的神经网络预测分析

基于BP神经网络算法,以硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土试验数据为训练样本,建立了考虑硫酸盐侵蚀溶液浓度、混凝土拉压应力水平和侵蚀时间等影响因素的硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土深度的内推与外推预测模型.经验证,该模型具有良好的预测效果,为混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的耐久性研究提供了一种有效方法.     

硫酸盐与冻融环境下混凝土本构关系研究

为了研究硫酸盐与冻融环境下混凝土单轴受压应力—应变关系,对水中和质量分数为5%硫酸钠、5%硫酸镁溶液中冻融作用下的混凝土进行单轴受压试验,分析了硫酸盐溶液与冻融循环对混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量及单轴受压应力—应变全曲线的影响,并对损伤层混凝土的力学性能进行分析。结果表明：混凝土应力—应变曲线随冻融时间增加逐渐趋扁平,整体右移,硫酸盐溶液中冻融300次后的混凝土应力—应变曲线上升段轻微上扬,并出现下凹现象。随着冻融次数增加,混凝土峰值应力、弹性模量不断下降,峰值应变逐渐增加,硫酸镁溶液中混凝土表现更明显,混凝土抗冻性最差。通过回归分析,建立了硫酸盐与冻融循环作用下混凝土单轴受压应力—应变全曲线方程,并得到了不同冻融次数下损伤层混凝土峰值应力的确定方法。     

碱激发胶凝材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀机理的探讨

对碱-矿渣、碱-粉煤灰、碱-偏高岭土和普通硅酸盐水泥的抗硫酸盐侵蚀机理进行了探讨,其中用普通硅酸盐水泥作为对比样.采用实验室加速试验法(即干湿循环法),并对侵蚀后的碱激发胶凝材料的产物进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析.结果表明:在5%的硫酸钠溶液中,碱激发胶凝材料砂浆主要是由于环境中硫酸钠溶液浸入试块孔隙中,使盐结晶产生体积膨胀而破坏,而普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆主要是由于生成膨胀性产物石膏和硫酸钠盐结晶而破坏.     

混凝土的硫酸盐腐蚀研究

通过实验室干湿循环加速硫酸盐对混凝土的腐蚀,对受腐蚀混凝土试件的抗压强度、混凝土与钢筋的粘结性能进行了测试.实验表明,SO42-与Mg2 的双重作用加速了混凝土的腐蚀,同时混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀后脆性增大,延性及与钢筋的粘结性能均降低.     

粉煤灰混凝土抗硫酸钠溶液冻融-干湿循环性能

采用冻融与干湿循环交替的方法,研究了不同强度等级、不同含气量的混凝土在水和硫酸钠溶液(浓度为5%、7%和10%)中的耐久性.试验表明:混凝土在硫酸钠溶液中冻融-干湿循环劣化程度和速度远大于水中,且硫酸钠溶液的浓度越高,影响越大;不同于冻融循环作用,混凝土在硫酸钠溶液中冻融-干湿循环时的质量损失大;掺加引气剂及提高混凝土强度均能改善混凝土的抗冻融-干湿循环性能.     

水泥胶砂硫酸盐侵蚀的温度效应研究

研究不同配比胶砂件在5℃、20℃、5℃和20℃冷热交替3种温度的硫酸盐溶液中浸泡1年后的外观、强度和矿物成分变化。结果表明：温度对硫酸盐侵蚀过程的影响与胶凝材料组成有关。温度越高，纯水泥砂浆的硫酸盐侵蚀破坏越快．砂浆中生成了更多的钙矾石与石膏晶体；但温度越高越有利于矿物掺合料火山灰活性的发挥，反而使加掺舍料砂浆受侵蚀程度减轻；且使用活性较低、活性期越长的矿物掺合料时，这种温度效应越明显。     

硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀环境下水镁石纤维沥青混合料抗疲劳性能

采用多次干湿循环作用下15%Na2SO4溶液加速劣化试验及四点弯曲疲劳寿命试验,研究了硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀作用下水镁石纤维沥青混合料抗疲劳性能,并与聚酯纤维和玄武岩纤维沥青混合料进行对比。在此基础上,探索了硫酸盐侵蚀作用下沥青混合料损伤机理及纤维改善沥青混合料疲劳性能效果。结果表明:与纯净水环境相比,沥青混合料在盐蚀环境下的疲劳性能劣化程度更为严重,Na2SO4的结晶型侵蚀是主要诱因;水镁石纤维能够较好地吸附和稳定沥青,且具有优良的增强增韧效应,可以有效提高沥青混合料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀疲劳性能。     

The Quantification of Micro-structural Damage of Weak Muddy Intercalation in Dry-wet Cycles Combining in-situ SEM and DIP

In order to reflect truly the damage evolution mechanism of weak muddy intercalation in dry-wet cycles, two typical weak muddy intercalations were selected for dry-wet cycles. The mineral changes of specimens were analyzed via X-ray diffraction after dry-wet cycles. By combining in-situ SEM and digital image processing(DIP), the damage evolution process and damage characteristic parameters of each stage were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the hydration and dissolution of minerals can not be a determinant factor in structure damage. The micro-structural damage is due to disintegration of mineral aggregates, leading to changes in the number and size of cracks and pores. The damage degree of specimens is related to its initial structure, and the micro-structural damage intensifies and finally tends to stabilize with cycle times increased.     

A Modulus Variation Model of Concrete under External Sulfate Attack: New Perspective from Statistical Evolution of Microcracks

A numerical model was proposed to describe the modulus variation of mortar exposed to external sulfate attack and the effectivity was verified by experiments. The model joints statistical evolution of microcracks to effective elastic modulus with microcracks and is applied to predict the damage degree of mortar attacked by sulfate. The experimental results show that the model can predict the modulus variation development of the specimen and the microcraks density. The elastic modulus values calculated by the model are consistent with that measured by experiments. The model focuses on nucleation of microcracks and finds that the theoretical results of microcracks number density show a linear growth over time in mortar. Compared with other sulfate attack damage model, this model provides a more suitable damage evolution equation that can be used to analyze the chemically assisted damage.     

干湿循环MgCl_2侵蚀对硅酸盐水泥浆体相组成和演变的影响

研究了质量分数10%的MgCl_2溶液和干湿循环耦合侵蚀对硅酸盐水泥浆体的水化进程、C-(A-)S-H凝胶微结构和水化产物相转变的影响规律。XRD、NMR和SEM-EDS测试分析的结果表明:MgCl_2侵蚀水泥水化浆体的主要产物为Mg(OH)_2和Friedel盐,高浓度时Cl~-会与Ca~(2+)结合形成3CaO·CaCl_2·15H_2O结晶,造成浆体破坏。此外MgCl_2侵蚀还会导致浆体中C-(A-)S-H凝胶产生脱铝脱钙,其MCL增加、Al[4]/Si降低,降低C-(A-)S-H凝胶的胶凝能力。干湿循环耦合MgCl_2侵蚀可以加速水泥浆体与外界的离子交换,促进了硅酸盐水泥的水化,也加剧了MgCl_2对水泥浆体的侵蚀,造成以上侵蚀现象更加严重。     

矿渣对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性的影响

从几个方面阐述了矿渣对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的改善作用,讨论了在矿渣使用过程中需要特别注意的掺加量和养护制度问题。     

混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的环境因素研究现状

硫酸盐侵蚀是水泥混凝土结构病害劣化的主要原因之一.海水、盐湖、地下水等环境中大多含有硫酸盐,混凝土组分本身也有可能带有硫酸盐,而它们在各种条件下对混凝土产生腐蚀作用,使其发生破坏.文章分析了阳离子、阴离子、硫酸盐浓度、温度、PH值、干湿循环及冻融循环、荷载作用等因素对混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,综述了目前的研究现状,指出了当前研究成果中的成就与不足.