水泥基粒状复合材料的数值仿真

为研究水泥基粒状复合材料的物理力学性能,采用一种自编的特殊算法生成任意形状的单个复合材料骨料颗粒,利用HADES堆积程序来形成材料结构(HADES是模拟任意形状的颗粒碰撞和堆积的程序).在此基础上加入骨料颗粒与水泥基之间的界面过渡区(ITZ),并采用专门的网格划分工具对粗骨料、水泥浆以及界面过渡区进行网格划分,最后进行有限元计算来得到水泥基复合材料的力学性质.以混凝土作为一种典型的水泥基复合材料进行模拟分析,得到不同骨料颗粒成份下混凝土弹性模量值为14.3GPa到22.9GPa,结果表明上述数值模拟方法可有效的对三相材料(水泥基、界面过渡区、骨料颗粒)构成的混凝土弹性模量进行预测.     

The pH of Cement-based Materials:A Review

Cement-based materials (CBMs),such as paste,mortar and concrete,are highly alkaline with an initial high pH of approximately 12.0 to 13.8.CBMs have a high pH due to the existing oxide mineral portlandite and alkali metal contents in Portland cement.The high pH of concrete provides excellent protection and reinforces the steel bars against corrosion.The pH of concrete does not remain constant due to ageing and other defect-causing factors,such as chloride ingress,alkali leaching,carbonation,corrosion,acid attack,moisture and biodegradation process.Reducing the concrete pH has negative impact on the strength,durability and service life of concrete buildings.However,the high pH of concrete may also cause concrete structure deterioration,such as alkali silica reaction,porosity and moisture related damages in concrete structures.The pH of CBMs can be influenced by high temperatures.For instance,the extremely high volume (85%-100%) of slag-blended cement pastes shows considerable pH reduction from 12.80 to 11.34 at 800 ℃.As many concrete structure deterioration are related to concrete pH,using an accurate and reliable method to measure pH and analyse the durability of reinforced concrete structure based on pH values is extremely important.This study is a comprehensive review of the pH of CBM in terms of measurement,limitations and varying values for different CBM types.     

碱对水泥基材料收缩性能的影响

通过测量不同品种和掺量的碱对水泥基材料的水分损失量和自由收缩率，研究了在干燥条件下不同的碱对水泥基材料收缩性能的影响规律．结果表明，在相同水灰比(0．45)和灰砂比(1：3)条件下，掺入0.214％～1．071％(质量分数，下同)KOH和0．42％NaOH增加了砂浆的水分损失和早期收缩、同时，发现碱作用下水泥基材料的水分损失与收缩过程密切相关，即浆体的收缩随着水分的损失更加明显.     

金属材料的多层次力学行为

金属的变形与破坏是一个在多个层次上进行的复杂过程.微观层次上的材料行为决定了材料宏观行为的深层物理机制.介于宏观与微观层次的细观层次起着桥梁的作用.细观层次上的材料行为对于材料的宏观行为起着关键的作用.就金属行为的多层次描述方法、金属的多层次动力行为、非线性科学在描述金属行为中的应用、微分几何及规范场的应用及各种数值方法的模拟问题进行了初步的综述,并提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题.     

水泥基材料水分传输及动力学研究

从水泥基材料耐久性出发,引出了水分传输的重要性,研究了水泥砂浆和混凝土的一维水分传输。结果表明:只有结合毛细吸收和扩散2种传输过程才能很好地表征水泥基材料内部的水分传输过程,材料内部孔隙结构对水分传输的动力学过程有很大的影响。该研究结果为水泥基材料耐久性评价和寿命设计提供了更精确的理论基础。     

Hydration Mechanism of Cement-based Materials with Different Si-rich Mineral Admixtures

Early hydration mechanism of cement-based materials with silica fume, nano-SiO_2 and silica sol of different contents was investigated, and the detailed effect of these Si-rich mineral admixtures in three stages of early hydration(NG, I, D) using kinetics model was focused. The results showed that silica fume, nano-SiO_2, and silica sol have significant effect on kinetic parameters n, k_1, k_2 and k_3, the fineness and existing form of SiO_2 particles in these Si-rich mineral admixtures are two important factors to affect the hydration process and on the parameters. Through integrated use of methods of hydration heat-Krstulovic-Dabic Modelsynthetical thermal analysis, data of hydration heat were collected, hydration degree was characterized, as well as the resulting crystallization behavior of early hydration, to build a numerical relationship between parameter n and CH contents that n decreases with increasing CH, and thus, a direct connection between hydration heat release behavior and crystallization behavior has been established.     

Effects of an AMPS-Modified Polyacrylic Acid Superplasticizer on the Performance of Cement-based Materials

A self-made AMPS-modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer and two others of the same type but with different molecular structures, which are commercially available, are used in this study to investigate the effect of a 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propylene sulfonic(AMPS)-modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer on the properties of cement-based materials. In the experiments, initial fluidity, 1 and 2 h fluidity over time after admixtion, bleeding rate of the net cement mortar, and adsorption capacity and rate of cement particles are determined by adding different dosages of the three superplasticizers into the cement paste to characterize the dispersivity and the dispersion retention capability of each superplasticizer. Water-reducing rates of three kinds of mortars are simultaneously determined to characterize the water-reducing capacity of each superplasticizer, as well as the 3 and 28 d compressive strengths to characterize the compression resistance. Results show that water-reducing effect and fluidity better maintain the capability of the AMPS-modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer than the two commercially available polyacrylic acid superplasticizers, and the compressive strengths after 3 and 28 d show significant growth. In conclusion, the effects of water reduction and strengthening of the AMPS-modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer are evidently better than those of the two commercially available polyacrylic acid superplasticizers.     

紧密堆积理论与表征方法在水泥复合胶凝材料中的应用

水泥复合胶凝材料的堆积密实度将直接影响新拌净浆、砂浆、混凝土的工作性能以及硬化体的强度、耐久性。阐明了固体颗粒紧密堆积理论,比较了水泥复合胶凝材料体系堆积密实度评价方法的特点,从颗粒形状、颗粒粒径以及粒度分布3个方面,阐述了影响水泥复合胶凝材料堆积密实度的关键因素,指出了水泥复合胶凝材料密实填充效应研究存在的问题。     

粉煤灰-脱硫石膏水泥基材料水化活性及微结构

采用DTA—TG、XRD、SEM以及宏观水化收缩和强度试验等手段研究了粉煤灰一脱硫石膏一水泥三元复合胶凝体系的水化过程、活性效应及微观结构等,根据试验结果总结了复合胶凝材料的水化动力学过程。结果表明,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石的钙矾石吸热峰强于基准样;在各组分相互活性激发和外掺激发剂作用下,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石中2次水化效应明显;SEM、XRD表明水泥石早期有明显的钙矾石生成,同时粉煤灰颗粒的表面侵蚀现象明显,进一步说明复合胶凝体系的早期活性得到有效激发,硬化后综合性能得到有效保证。且宏观收缩及强度试验也从侧面印证了微观试验结果。粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥基复合胶凝材料体系的研发可大量消耗燃煤电厂的工业废渣,具有显著的“绿色”效应。     

掺P2O5水泥基材料水化动力学研究

基于水化动力学模型,采用SEM、XRD和C-80Ⅱ型导热式微量热仪研究了硅酸盐水泥和掺P2O5硅酸盐水泥胶凝体系的水化特性和水化动力学,分析了P2O5对硅酸盐水泥水化机制的影响规律。研究结果表明,掺入P2O5后硅酸盐水泥的水化产物数量和尺寸显著减小。P2O5掺量为3．5％时,硅酸盐水泥熟料水化热总量降低32．6%,硅酸盐水泥的初凝和终凝分别被延缓1．10h和12．54h。掺入P2O5复合体系的水化机制与硅酸盐水泥类似,加速期由自动催化反应控制,减速期由自动催化和扩散反应双重反应控制,稳定期扩散反应占据主导。P2O5会增加硅酸盐水泥在加速期和减速期的水化反应阻力,减小稳定期的水化反应阻力。掺入P2O5后,水泥在加速期和减速期的表观活化能增加,稳定期表观活化能略有降低P2O5溶液环境有利于水泥熟料C3A的水化,延缓C3S和C2S的水化。     

Long-term Durability of Cement-based Materials with Very Low w/b

To investigate the durability, especially the long-term stability of cement-based materials with very low w/b, the air permeability test, carbonation test, capillary absorption rate test and dilation Dotential test were adopted under long-term heat treatment condition. Microstructure of these materials is also analyzed by scannmg electronic microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) in order to further unveil its mechanism and interrelation between microstructure and its properties. The results indicate that in the area investigated, cement-based material with w/b 0.17, like RPC, possesses low porosity and excellent durability. Moreover, its porosity will further decrease under long-term heat treatment compared with normal heat treatment. Its long-term durability is much superior to that of other cement-based materials with w/b 0.25 or 0.35 as high strength concrete (HSC).     

硅灰对水泥基材料性能影响的试验研究

主要讨论了在水泥中掺入硅灰后,水泥浆性能发生的变化.在试验中,用硅灰取代水泥量分别为0％、8％、12％、16％、20％,分别测定各取代量水泥浆的稠度、抗压强度以及硫酸盐腐蚀的后强度,对得出的数据进行分析比较,验证硅灰对水泥基材料的影响.     

水泥基材料中高效减水剂应用效果的检测方法

采用水泥浆体流动度、混凝土减水率、坍落度及强度增长率等指标确定了2种萘系高效减水剂的掺量，研究了二者在此掺量下对相同配比砂浆的流动度及经时损失、开裂敏感性及干湿变形的影响。结果表明：与水泥适应性均较好的2种萘系高效减水剂在各自掺量下，所配制的砂浆具有相同的初始流动度及流动度经时损失变化，但其初始开裂时间与干湿变形却存在差异，说明在评价高效减水剂的应用效果时除了检测与水泥的相容性外还应考虑其对水泥基材料收缩变形性能的影响；不同外加剂对水泥基材料体系碱度的适应能力不同，较高的碱度会增加材料的开裂敏感性。     

磁性指数对铁尾矿水泥基材料特性的影响

为实现铁尾矿代替天然河砂制备水泥基材料的目标,以8种磁性指数的铁尾矿和天然河砂为骨料分别制备了水泥砂浆和混凝土试件。通过测试砂浆的力学性能、试件断面的显微硬度、孔结构参数以及混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,分析了磁性指数对铁尾矿水泥基材料特性的影响。试验结果表明：在相同配合比下,铁尾矿砂浆力学性能优于天然河砂砂浆;提高铁尾矿的磁性指数,砂浆力学性能呈现下降趋势,但是磁性指数为40％的铁尾矿砂浆强度仍然较高;当磁性指数为0％时,铁尾矿砂浆界面区显微硬度最高,磁性指数为40％的铁尾矿砂浆次之;磁性指数为0％和40％的铁尾矿砂浆孔隙率较低且无害孔含量更多;通过磁选分离降低铁尾矿的磁性指数,有利于增强铁尾矿混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,提高其耐久性。     

Effect of Glutinous Rice Flour on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Cement-based Materials

The mechanism of glutinous rice flour, a kind of natural admixture, on the hydration process,setting time, and microstructure of the Portland cement was investigated. The experimental results show that the glutinous rice flour has an obvious setting retarding effect on cement pastes. The optimal dosage of the glutinous rice flour is 3wt%. In this case, the initial and final setting time of the paste are delayed by 140 and185 min, respectively. The flexural and compressive strengths of the harden...     

水泥基材料早期水化特性与体积稳定性的关系

采用五路裂缝测定仪和非接触式电阻率测定仪，分别测试了水泥砂浆在干燥条件下约束收缩开裂的初裂时间与相应水泥浆体早期水化24h内的电阻率变化，分析研究了水泥浆体在非常早期水化中的电阻率极小值与相应砂浆的初裂时间的关系，结果发现二者之间具有较好的线性相关性（相关系数〉0．90）。机理研究表明在水泥类型和骨料确定的条件下，胶凝材料体系初始水化的液相特征是影响早期收缩开裂的关键；不同化学与矿物外加剂及微量组分（可溶碱）的添加将通过改变水化的液相特征而影响水化物的初始形成速率、形貌、分散性及其生长能力等，最终影响材料的体积稳定性。     

M-T Scheme for Predicting Effective Diffusion Coefficient of Chloride Ions in Cement-based Materials

To investigate the transport characteristics of chloride ions in cement-based materials,the Mori-Tanaka (M-T) prediction scheme of the effective diffusion coefficient in composites containing single-phase and multi-phase inclusions is systematically deduced based on the theory of composite mechanics and porous medium.The volume fraction,morphology and distribution of aggregates,as well as the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) are fully taken into consideration in this proposed model.The results show that the algorithm of M-T prediction scheme with high accuracy is relatively simple.     

UFA水泥基材料早期自干燥及自收缩研究

基于水泥石孔隙理论对超细粉煤灰（Ultra-fine fly ash，简称UFA）水泥基材料的早期自干燥效应进行了理论分析及试验研究。在此基础上，采用改进的混凝土自收缩试验装置对UFA混凝土的早期自收缩变形进行了测试。结果表明，相比于基准水泥石，UFA水泥石内部自干燥程度大大降低；且随着UFA的掺入，混凝土早期水化反应的有效水灰比增大，自收缩变形随之减小，进一步证明水泥基材料早期内部孔隙的自干燥效应与混凝土的早期自收缩变形具有较好的相关性。     

纤维保水效应对失水成型水泥基材料强度的影响

通过室内自然失水成型和恒温干燥失水成型水泥基材料的强度试验,研究了聚丙烯纤维的保水效应对水泥基材料弯拉强度的影响。结果表明:与保湿成型养护相比,失水成型条件下普通水泥基材料的早期强度下降显著,而失水成型聚丙烯纤维水泥基材料的强度则降低较小;在相同失水环境下,聚丙烯纤维水泥基材料的早期强度相对普通组可提高30%~40%,纤维的保水效应及其对水泥基材料的增强作用显著。此外,纤维的保水、增强效果会随纤维体积掺量的不同而不同,就文中水泥净浆组的研究结果而言(纤维长为9mm),纤维体积掺量为0.4%时的增强效果最佳,然后依次是0.3%和0.1%,而纤维体积掺量为0.2%时的效果最差。