使用C语言指针的几个常见错误及纠正方法

指针是C语言的精髓部分,也是C语言的重要特色.正确而灵活地运用它可以有效地表示复杂的数据结构;能动态分配内存;能够方便地使用字符串;有效而方便地使用数组;在调用函数时能够得到多于一个值;能直接处理内存地址等.     

指针在多维数组中的应用技巧

通过C语言中对指针使用的例题分析,主要讨论了在多维数组中的两种指针即行指针和列指针的操作特性;并通过行地址与列地址的转化关系,正确地、灵活地引用多维数组的指针.     

谈C与C 语言指针应用中的若干问题

C与C 语言程序设计中指针的概念是不可缺少的主要内容,利用指针可直接对内存中各种不同的数据结构的数据进行快速处理,如:能方便地使用字符串,有效而方便地使用数组,指针的使用为函数修改及其调用参数提供了方便,动态分析例程需要指针支持。正是因为有了指针及其灵活应用,才使得C语言成为一门绝好的语言,尤其擅长于编写系统软件,但指针作为C语言的最显著特征的同时,又是C语言最容易出错的特征。因此本文拟用实际的手段,总结指针在应用中的体会与经验,以帮助读者能顺利和有效地编制好C与C 语言的程序设计。     

用多位数动态数组实现进制转换的研究

利用多位数动态数组算法编程,实现了从2进制到62进制之间任意位整数、任意位小数的进制转换.     

新型焊接机控制算法研究

超声波焊接机控制软件是国内外生产微电路芯片厂家自动化流水线的不可缺少的一部分．为了提高生产微电路芯片的焊接速度，我们对超声波焊接机工业控制软件的算法进行部分优化．采用单台PC机，代替3个CPU控制3台步进电机．根据步进电机工作的特性曲线，计算出单台步进电机运行的时间控制数组，利用一个相对时间控制数组同时对3台步进电机进行控制．     

指针作为函数参数的比较应用

文章通过指针不同形式参数的比较,进一步说明采用指针方式的传递,可以实现通过被调函数,改变主调函数中变量的值;在传递过程中参数采用虚实结合的方式即节省时间又节省空间,灵活方便,提高了运行效率。     

巧用FOXPRO数组功能实现一屏多记录数据输入,编辑

在数据库管理系统中，有多种数据输入，编辑命令，但对于在同一屏实现多记录数据输入，编辑，这些命令各有其局限性，本文通过实例论述利用Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ数组与数据库记录之间的数据交换技术可实现这一功能。     

巧用FOXPRO数组功能实现一屏多记录数据输入、编辑

在数据库管理系统中，有多种数据输入、编辑命令，但对于在同一屏实现多记录数据输入、编辑，这些命令各有其局限性。本文通过实例论述利用Foxpro数组与数据库记录之间的数据交换技术可实现这一功能。     

烧结配水系统智能控制的研究与实现

采用红外水份分析仪在线检测烧结混合料水分的含量;采用前馈-反馈控制方案自动调节烧结混合料水分的含量,前馈控制采用模糊控制建立矢量数组采集数据,反馈控制采用专家控制。     

CFC功能块开发中指针应用研究

针对西门子控制器在工业控制领域的广泛应用,阐述如何采用C语言的方法编程实现CFC功能块。分析了CFC功能块的基本结构,同时给出了CFC功能块如何基于C语言的代码实现向量数据的指针方式传递,对基于C语言的功能块的生成过程进行了分析。研究表明,灵活运用C语言的指针功能可以开发出满足向量运算所需的CFC功能块。     

Using icon arrays to communicate medical risks: Overcoming low numeracy.

Objective: Icon arrays have been suggested as a potentially promising format for communicating risks to patients—especially those with low numeracy skills—but experimental studies are lacking. This study investigates whether icon arrays increase accuracy of understanding medical risks, and whether they affect perceived seriousness of risks and helpfulness of treatments. Design: Two experiments were conducted on samples of older adults (n = 59, 62 to 77 years of age) and university students (n = 112, 26 to 35 years of age). Main Outcome Measures: Accuracy of understanding risk reduction; perceived seriousness of risks; perceived helpfulness of treatments. Results: Icon arrays increased accuracy of both low- and high-numeracy people, even when transparent numerical representations were used. Risks presented via icon arrays were perceived as less serious than those presented numerically. With larger icon arrays (1,000 instead of 100 icons) risks were perceived more serious, and risk reduction larger. Conclusions: Icon arrays are a promising way of communicating medical risks to a wide range of patient groups, including older adults with lower numeracy skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

氧化钛纳米管阵列的研究进展

鉴于氧化钛纳米管阵列新颖的结构,优异的光电、催化、气敏等性能,及其在太阳能电池、光催化、环境净化、气体敏感器等领域潜在的应用价值,氧化钛纳米管阵列的研究发展迅速。本文主要对氧化钛纳米管阵列的制备研究及应用研究的现状进行了综述。     

Effects of motivationally significant stimuli on the regulation of dominant responses.

In 4 experiments, Ss responded as quickly as possible to indicate whether character strings consisted of letters or numbers. Following a warning stimulus that was or was not designated to trigger a motivational–emotional response in particular subgroups (namely, those with high anxiety, discrepant self-concepts, and eating disorders), strings were presented in a central (dominant) location on 75% of the trials or in 1 of 4 peripheral (nondominant) locations. Consistent with hypotheses, response times to peripherally located strings were significantly slower following motivationally significant than following neural warning stimuli. Contrary to hypotheses, such sitimuli did not facilitate responding to centrally located strings. It is proposed that motivationally significant stimuli engender a temporary reduction in control processing that hinders regulation of dominant responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铁纳米线阵列组织结构对其吸波性能的影响

利用阳极氧化铝膜模板组装磁性铁纳米线阵列,具有优异的宽频微波吸收性能。制备不同组织结构的铁纳米线阵列,通过数码相机、场发射扫描电镜及微波吸收测试等手段,分析研究了铁纳米线阵列组织结构对其吸波性能的影响。结果表明:对铝基板进行表面喷砂处理,可以获得取向各异的金属铁纳米线,纳米线垂直于氧化膜表面生长;铁纳米线的取向各异使得其微波吸收性能有很大改善;在4～18GHz频带范围内微波吸收率提高,且吸波频带展宽。     

What Do Rats Learn About the Geometry of Object Arrays? Tests With Exploratory Behavior.

Six experiments using habituation of exploratory behavior tested whether disoriented rats foraging in a large arena encode the shapes of arrays of objects. Rats did not respond to changes in position of a single object, but they responded to a change in object color and to a change in position of 1 object in a square array, as in previous research (e.g., C. Thinus-Blanc et al., 1987). Rats also responded to an expansion of a square array, suggesting that they encoded sets of interobject distances rather than overall shape. In Experiments 4-6, rats did not respond to changes in sense of a triangular array that maintained interobject distances and angles. Shapes of object arrays are encoded differently from shapes of enclosures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SOM网络在黑龙江省西北部金矿预测中的应用

在深入研究分析黑龙江省西北部金矿成矿地质背景的基础上,以地理信息系统为平台(GIS),建立了地质、物探、化探和遥感数据库,用字符串表示研究区地质点的各种地质信息组合,利用自组织特征映射(SOM)神经网络对其进行模式分类,圈定了金矿成矿有利区,这一研究对该地区今后的矿产资源预测与评价有重要的参考价值。     

Can free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) extract artificially created rules comprised of natural vocalizations?

Though nonhuman animals lack anything like a set of grammatical structures in their natural vocalizations, studies now suggest that at least some animals can extract patterns from a structured input that appear abstract and rule-like. The authors continue this line of research by adding three new methodological contributions, specifically, tests of (1) a free-ranging animal population (as opposed to captive laboratory subjects), (2) a new taxonomic group (i.e., Old World monkeys: rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta), and (3), the presentation of artificially sequenced strings of species-specific vocalizations (as opposed to artificial symbols or speech stimuli). Specifically, the authors created artificial strings of rhesus vocalizations in the pattern notated as AAB (i.e., two identical calls [AA] followed by a different one [B]) or ABB. Following habituation to AAB strings, rhesus monkeys showed significantly more orienting responses to novel ABB strings than to novel AAB strings. Further, following habituation to an ABB pattern, rhesus responded more in test trials to AAB than ABB. These results, combined with other parallel studies, suggest that animals can extract an identity relationship from an artificial sequence of sounds, and can do so even though the tokens are species-specific vocalizations that are never produced in this sequence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

四脚状CdSe敏化TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光电性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛基底上生长了一维高度有序TiO2纳米管阵列,并与CdSe四脚状晶体及CdSe量子点组装成一种新型的量子点敏化太阳能电池( QDSSCs).该阵列结构为光生电子的传递提供了快速通道,CdSe四脚状三维空间结构增加了其吸附在TiO2纳米管阵列的稳定性.采用XRD,SEM和HR-TEM对阵列及CdSe四脚状和量子点进行了表征.考察了CdSe四脚状和量子点敏化纳米管阵列三电极电池结构的光电性能.XRD谱图表明TiO2的锐钛矿晶型特征峰没有发生变化,同时出现了一系列的CdSe六方晶型和立方晶型特征峰.SEM图表明所制备的TiO2具有高度有序的纳米管阵列结构,且孔径大小均一、约为120 nm,长度近13.8 μm.TEM和HRTEM图表明CdSe量子点具有四脚结构,CdSe核的直径约为4.1nm,臂宽约为3.1nm,臂长约为16.0nm.结果表明:通过四脚状CdSe修饰TiO2纳米管阵列基电极在可见光谱区域的吸收得到了明显增强;此外,在模拟太阳光(AM 1.5 100 mW·cm-2)的照射下,四脚状CdSe敏化比CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳米管阵列三电极结构电池的光电转换效率高,它们分别为0.13％和0.30％.     

Phonological recoding and orthographic learning: A direct test of the self-teaching hypothesis

According to the self-teaching hypothesis (Share, 1995), word-specific orthographic representations are acquired primarily as a result of the self-teaching opportunities provided by the phonological recoding of novel letter strings. This hypothesis was tested by asking normal second graders to read aloud short texts containing embedded pseudoword targets. Three days later, target spellings were correctly identified more often, named more quickly, and spelled more accurately than alternate homophonic spellings. Experiment 2 examined whether this rapid orthographic learning can be attributed to mere visual exposure to target strings. It was found that viewing the target letter strings under conditions designed to minimize phonological processing significantly attenuated orthographic learning. Experiment 3 went on to show that this reduced orthographic learning was not attributable to alternative nonphonological factors (brief exposure durations or decontextualized presentation). The results of a fourth experiment suggested that the contribution of pure visual exposure to orthographic learning is marginal. It was concluded that phonological recoding is critical to the acquisition of word-specific orthographic representations as proposed by the self-teaching hypothesis.     

Immediate spatial order memory and item memory in sixth-grade children as a function of reader ability.

16 good and 16 poor 6th-grade readers served as Ss. Exp I tested immediate order memory for strings of 4 and 6 consonants that were either redundant (R) or nonredundant (NR) based on positional frequencies of letters in printed English. Both reader groups were better in retrieving order for R strings; poor readers were inferior to good readers on both R and NR 6-letter strings. Exp II tested for immediate order memory and immediate item memory for strings of 8 digits and strings of 8 consonants. Good readers were better than poor readers on all tasks. However, order memory appeared to be more strongly related to reading ability than was item memory. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)