针织服装原型与针织面料性能关系初探

以7种常用针织面料悬垂系数、面密度测试以及定伸长条件下拉伸力、弹性回复率、塑性变形率、应力松弛率的性能测试为基础,运用立体裁剪的方法试验得到零松量下针织原型各部位尺寸,通过灰色模型建模分析得出影响针织服装原型各部位尺寸的主要因素.     

针织服装原型变化规律探讨

分析7种常用针织面料和一种机织面料在不同松量条件下包覆人台的状态,探讨针织服装原型各部位及胸背部浮余量变化规律,为解决工业化针织服装生产中胸围加放量、面料弹性性能与肩胸省关系等问题提供一些参考。     

高弹针织女上装紧身原型纸样设计

针对针织服装设计原型法对于高弹力的针织服装难以控制样板尺寸变化的问题,通过立体裁剪的试验方法,测试了高弹性针织面料在不同规格人台和真人身上衣片各部位的数据,运用数理统计的分析方法,研究了紧身原型定寸的数学原理,获得了高弹针织女上装紧身原型纸样。通过实例证明,只需要根据面料的弹性和服装造型特点对原型纸样进行适当的数据变化,即可满足紧身针织服装合体性、舒适性及美观性的要求,为弹性针织面料服装纸样设计提供了更直接、更实用的模板。     

针织裙原型研究

在立体裁剪试验的基础上,比较不同的针织面料和梭织面料立体构成的贴体型裙原型,得出针织面料与梭织面料立体构成的贴体裙原型不同的结论.并结合我国人体体型分类和分布,在立体裁剪试验的基础上探讨臀腰差在一定范围内变化时,裙省的分配特点和变化规律,由此借鉴梭织裙原型的相关结构设计理论采设计针织裙原型.     

针织裙原型研究

在立体裁剪试验的基础上,比较不同的针织面料和梭织面料立体构成的贴体型裙原型,得出针织面料与梭织面料立体构成的贴体裙原型不同的结论。并结合我国人体体型分类和分布,在立体裁剪试验的基础上探讨臀腰差在一定范围内变化时,裙省的分配特点和变化规律,由此借鉴梭织裙原型的相关结构设计理论来设计针织裙原型。     

贴体型针织女上装原型纸样设计研究

针织面料因具有弹性,在进行服装设计时,其细部尺寸不再是一种简单的比例关系,因此比例分配法、原型法不再适用。以面料测试数据为依托,以设计贴体型针织服装基础纸样为目的,先通过对4种针织面料进行弹性拉伸率的检测,再通过其在不同规格人台和真人身上衣片各部位的立体裁剪测试,得到不同尺寸的贴体型针织女装样板数据。运用数理统计法比较分析立裁所得样板,研究贴体原型定寸的数学原理,进一步推导出贴体型针织女装原型各部位计算公式,提出贴体型针织女上装原型纸样的处理办法,建立贴体型针织女装基本纸样。     

针织女装原型的研究

用立体裁剪的方法来研究针织女装原型中浮余量以及影响针织面料的衣身浮余量的主要因素。通过对测得针织面料衣身浮余量的数据分析得出不同的针织面料对衣身浮余量的影响程度，以及针织面料的厚度、密度、拉伸率与衣身浮余量的相关性。     

针织服装结构设计方法研究

由针织面料弹性变化及方向性提出建立人体静态净体样板，通过对日本文化原型胸省、肩省处理和松度调整，得到的图形称为“针织服装原型”，对照人体静态净体尺寸进行了合理性分析，提出了运用针织服装原型进行结构设计的方法。并分别就合体、宽松型服装的结构设计和紧身型服装的结构设计作了应用举例。     

针织毛衫圆形领数学模型的建立

为研究针织毛衫圆形领尺寸变化规律,参照日本文化式女装原型（160∕84A）基本领口,对原型领窝的横开领,前、后直开领进行开宽、开深。在横开领开宽量一定的情况下,分别测量不同直开领开深量下针织毛衫圆形领前、后领口弧长尺寸,并对这些尺寸进行数理统计分析,了解针织毛衫圆形领前、后领窝弧长的变化规律。通过回归分析,建立针织毛衫圆形领前、后领窝弧长的数学模型。研究结果可为针织毛衫圆形领纸样设计及服装智能化生产提供理论参考。     

针织服装制板方法现状浅析

目前我国针织服装业尚处于起步阶段,缺乏相对完善的理论研究。本文对目前我国传统针织服装制板方法的适应性进行了分析,并对目前尚处于讨论和开发阶段的针织服装原型进行了探讨。指出传统的针织服装制板方法不能完全满足针织服装外衣化、时装化、个性化的发展需要,有必要补充和完善现行的针织服装制板方法。     

Quick-freezing based on a nitrogen reversed Brayton cryocooler prototype: Effects on the physicochemical characteristics of beef longissimus thoracis muscle

Freezing plays an important role in food preservation and shelf-life extension. This study assessed the effectiveness of an innovative quick-freezing plant for meat freezing, based on a nitrogen reversed Brayton cryocooler prototype able to reach very cold temperatures (< −100 °C), by evaluating the effects on the physicochemical characteristics of frozen/thawed beef steaks. A comparison with two other standard freezing methods was conducted, and unfrozen beef steaks were used as a reference. The time-temperature profiles were monitored during the freezing and thawing processes, and physicochemical analyses were performed on unfrozen and thawed steaks. The results of the experimental campaign showed that the prototype plant made it possible to achieve a faster freezing rate (50 °C h⁻¹) than standard plants, leading to a significant reduction in the thawing losses of frozen meat. In addition, the steaks processed in the prototype plant had larger hue values, indicating less red colour.Industrial relevanceIn the food cold chain, especially for highly perishable products such as meat, freezing plays a significant role in preservation and shelf-life extension, thus improving safe food consumption for humans. In this study, a prototype of a nitrogen reversed Brayton cryocooler was developed and tested under the realistic conditions expected for quick meat freezing. The results showed a very fast freezing rate of the food product. Our findings demonstrated that reversed Brayton cryocoolers show great promise in the food industry for quick freezing at very low temperatures, with the potential to freeze several kinds of food products.     

连翻领结构设计数学模型的建立

为使连翻领翻折准确,结构简化,实现连翻领翻折自如,静态造型美观,通过直接作图方法,以日本文化式女装原型为衣身原型,采用不同的面料、不同的领宽和领凹,绘制连翻领.制作连翻领样品84件,制作样品在标准人体模台上试穿,以静态造型最佳为标准,测量翻领宽的数值,运用SPSS统计软件分析连翻领结构变化规律,对测量的数据进行因子分析...     

Assessment of a new lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) assay for the okadaic acid group of toxins using naturally contaminated bivalve shellfish from the Portuguese coast

A new rapid assay for the okadaic acid group of toxins, based on lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) test strips developed by Jellett Rapid Testing Ltd., was assessed on naturally contaminated bivalves from the Portuguese coast. One prototype was evaluated using samples harvested during 2005, extracted with 80% methanol, followed by dilution with the running buffer of a methanolic extract after alkaline hydrolysis for esters. The second prototype was assessed using samples harvested during 2006, extracted with 100% methanol and, after alkaline hydrolysis, the methanol was evaporated by a nitrogen stream followed by re-suspension with the running buffer. The first prototype failed to detect 20% of samples that were positive by LC–MS in the range 160–480 µg kg^?1, and were classified as negative or trace level by LFIC. The presence of methanol in the extracts made correct detection of toxins more difficult. The second prototype classified as positive all samples above 160 µg kg^?1, as confirmed by LC-MS. However, in the second prototype, matrix effects were a major drawback and led to 45% false positives, particularly for mussels, due to compounds in shellfish extracts interfering with the antibodies and reducing the test line intensity. Extraction with a higher percentage of methanol was thought responsible for these matrix effects. Regarding sample migration, both prototypes needed one hour before reading. In an attempt to speed-up sample preparation, a direct digestion of bivalve tissues with sodium hydroxide was evaluated. Low recoveries for esters were found by LC–MS with this hydrolysis technique compared to conventional hydrolysis of methanolic extracts. While prototype A was not sensitive enough, prototype B had too many false positives to be of use to the shellfish industry or in a monitoring program.     

名优绿茶仿生采摘指研制

提出了一种能够模仿人工"提手采"动作的仿生采摘指结构,并完成了采摘指的结构设计。为了提高采摘指的灵巧性和结构紧凑性,对采摘指进行了运动学和静力学分析,通过遗传算法对结构几何参数进行了优化,使得驱动力的传递效率提高了26.6%。在此基础上制作了采摘指原理样机,并完成了气力驱动与控制系统的设计,室内初步试验结果表明:采摘成功率近70%,能够实现预期动作。     

基于Pro／E生物质粉碎机虚拟设计与研究

文章基于国内生产的饲料粉碎机的原型,构思了生物质粉碎机的模型,在三维CAD设计软件Pro／E环境下进行三维实体建模。对生物质粉碎机的虚拟样机的设计与研究进行了有创新和建设性的尝试,为利用虚拟样机技术研究农业机械提供了更多有益的参考。     

基于EDEM固液分离装置螺旋轴参数优化与试验

目的：解决餐厨垃圾固液分离装置脱水率低，出料不畅的问题。方法：对餐厨垃圾固液分离装置关键部位螺旋轴进行参数优化，基于Creo对固液分离装置进行三维建模；通过EDEM仿真软件对挤压过程进行仿真分析，制作优化后的螺旋轴样机并进行实验验证。结果：优化后的螺旋轴结构参数为输送距离373 mm，压缩距离180 mm，螺旋轴压缩端直径96 mm，螺旋叶片直径98 mm，螺旋轴长度553 mm；EDEM仿真分析得出固液分离装置出料口的受力范围为2.7~4.5 N，平均受力3 N，出料速度范围为1.3~4.7 m/s，平均速度1.9 m/s。结论：优化后的餐厨垃圾固液分离装置样机脱水率明显提高，出料顺畅，脱水效果优于优化前。     

基于体型变化的东华原型修正

基于人体群体的体型变化规律对中国服装原型理论——东华原型(专利号02150747)进行持续性的发展研究。根据中国女性标准体1997年以来的体型变化,采用人体数据采集,样衣穿着补正方法进行实验,采用SPSS软件进行数据分析,研究中国女体标准体的体型变化特征,对东华原型进行结构修正。并从理论和主观评价2个方面验证东华原型修正版。验证结果表明,在静态外观造型评价中,修正后的东华原型较修正前有很大提高,最后完成了与东华原型的理论体系相配套的人台修正。     

Performance of an impact type device for continuous production of paneer

Chhana, a heat-acid coagulated product of milk, is pressed to make paneer. Like Tofu, paneer is extensively used for the preparation of a large number of culinary dishes. For the pressing, chhana was kept in cages made from a special type of screen and the cages were subjected to impact forces. Total amount of energy imparted to chhana during impacts was correlated with reduction of moisture, increase in hardness of pressed chhana and the solid lost through whey from pressed chhana. Rate of change of moisture content, hardness and solid loss with the energy imparted was found to follow first order reaction kinetics. Prototype of an impact type device was made from which compressed blocks of chhana could be taken out at regular intervals. Validity of first order reaction kinetics model was confirmed with the prototype device. Relative deviation percentage between the model and experimental values obtained from the prototype was found to lie between 3.7% and 4.1%.     

日本新文化式服装原型与中国原型比较

通过样衣实验对日本新文化式原型、东华原型和刘瑞璞原型的制图原理和方法、穿着效果进行比较分析,认为日本新文化式原型省道处理科学但计算复杂,东华原型肩部合体且袖窿形态符合人体运动要求,刘瑞璞原型计算简单、快捷,适合较宽松服装,为服装的设计制作提供了参考。