纤维素纳米晶体对壳聚糖纺丝原液流变行为的影响

首先将纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)悬浮液进行超声分散,然后与壳聚糖乙酸溶液进行高速搅拌共混,制备不同CNC含量的壳聚糖-CNC共混均匀溶液。采用平板式旋转流变仪研究了CNC含量对壳聚糖溶液流变行为的影响。测试结果表明:壳聚糖-CNC共混溶液表现为非牛顿流体行为;黏度随温度的上升而下降,但在高剪切速率范围内,温度对黏度的影响不再明显;随着CNC含量的增加,壳聚糖溶液的表观黏度增大,对剪切速率的敏感性增强,同时非牛顿指数和黏流活化能降低;共混原液的结构黏度指数随CNC含量减少以及温度升高而降低;壳聚糖-CNC共混溶液储能模量和损耗模量的交叉点随温度的升高向高频区移动,随CNC含量的增加向低频区移动,溶液流变规律基本符合Cox-Merz规则。     

多元回归法分析干喷湿纺PAN/DMSO原液流变性能

应用多元回归分析确定了相对分子质量、温度、剪切速率、浓度4种主要因素对干喷湿纺聚丙烯 腈/二甲基亚砜(PAN/DMSO)纺丝原液粘度的影响。研究发现,纺丝原液粘度随着相对分子质量、浓度的增 大而增高,且过了临界相对分子质量、临界浓度后粘度会急剧增大。实验测得相对分子质量为7.8×104的 溶液临界浓度为11.5％。纺丝原液粘度随着温度、剪切速率的增大而降低,过了临界切变速率后粘度会急 剧下降,但在低剪切速率区粘度基本不变。通过多元线性回归模型,得出了多因子复合流变方程。     

AS／CPE共混物的流变性能研究

制备了AS/CPE共混物,用毛细管流变仪研究了其流变性能。实验结果表明:AS/CPE共混物熔体呈假塑性,其表观剪切粘度随剪切速率的增大或温度的升高而下降,随共混物中CPE含量的升高而上升。并讨论了CPE对共混物非牛顿指数的影响。     

甲壳胺/乙酸溶液表观粘度的影响因素

在低剪切速率下,研究了甲壳胺的浓度、溶液静置时间、溶液温度及溶剂乙酸浓度对甲壳胺/乙酸溶液表观粘度的影响。结果表明:甲壳胺/乙酸溶液的表观粘度随甲壳胺浓度的增加而上升,随溶液温度的上升而降低,随乙酸浓度的增加有所降低。配制甲壳胺/乙酸纺丝原液时,需现用现配,甲壳胺质量分数4.5%,乙酸质量分数2.0%,溶液温度20℃为宜。     

细菌纤维素/LiCl/DMAC溶液体系流变性的研究

采用锥板式旋转黏度计测定细菌纤维素溶液的流变行为。结果表明,细菌纤维素溶液为非牛顿流体,随着剪切速率的增大,溶液呈现切力变稀现象。溶液中纤维素含量和温度影响纤维素溶液的流变行为,剪切黏度随温度的上升及纤维素含量的减少而下降,结构化程度随温度上升和纤维素含量减少而降低。     

聚合物溶液流变曲线及粘温特性研究

用长庆油田北三区处理后清水、聚丙烯酰胺配制了聚合物母液和目的液,聚合物母液浓度5000mg/L、目的液浓度2000mg/L,测量温度为10~60℃,剪切速率为1~100s~(-1),考察了剪切速率、温度对不同浓度聚合物的流变性、粘度影响。结果表明,聚合物溶液的粘度随剪切速率的增大不断降低,同一剪切速率下聚合物溶液的表观粘度随温度的升高也有所下降,随着测量温度的升高,聚合物溶液的屈服应力逐渐降低,稠度系数K逐渐增大而流变行为指数逐渐减小,在实际测量温度范围内,聚合物溶液属于非牛顿流体,体现出典型的屈服-假塑性流体特性,剪切速率对聚合物溶液的粘度值影响很大,测量温度对粘度值的影响较小。     

纳米晶纤维素悬浮液流变性能的研究

采用TAARES/RFS型高级旋转流变仪系统研究了纳米晶纤维素悬浮液的稳态、动态流变性能。稳态流变性能研究表明,在低浓度时(0.5%),纳米晶纤维素悬浮液的粘度随剪切速率的增大而降低,达到一定值后即趋于稳定,而在较高浓度时,纳米晶纤维素悬浮液的粘度则一直随剪切速率的增大而不断降低;动态流变性能研究表明,在较高浓度时(1.5%),纳米晶纤维素悬浮液的粘度随频率的增大有规律地下降;动态时间扫描结果表明,当浓度较高时(1.5%),纳米晶纤维素悬浮液的粘度随时间的增加而增大。     

凝胶纺三元聚丙烯腈原液的流变行为

研究了聚丙烯腈／二甲基亚砜／水三元纺丝原液在不同的含水量、聚丙烯腈浓度和温度下的流变性能,获得了零切粘度,表观粘度,非牛顿指数和结构粘度指数对于原液含水量、聚丙烯腈浓度和温度的依赖关系。该溶液是一种剪切变稀的非牛顿流体。随着含水量的增加,零切粘度、表观粘度和结构粘度指数增加,非牛顿指数下降。随着聚丙烯腈浓度的增加,原液的袁观粘度和结构粘度指数增加,非牛顿指数下降。原液的流动性和可纺性随温度提高而增加。     

PP及FEP/PP低剪切速率下熔体粘性研究

应用Bohlin高级流变仪,在温度190～290℃及剪切速率10-2～102s-1试验条件下测景聚丙烯(PP)熔体、聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)及其共混物熔体的剪切粘度.研究发现,PP和FEP/PP共混物熔体剪切粘度对温度的依赖性均符合Arre-hnius方程.在剪切速率极低的范围内,PP熔体的剪切粘度对剪切速率的变化不敏感.而FEP/PP共混物熔体则具有明显的剪切变稀特性.当PP的质量分数(wpp)不大于10%时,FEP/PP共混物熔体的剪切粘度随着PP含量的增加而大幅度下"降;随着wpp的进一步增加,剪切粘度摹本上随着Wpp的增加而线性缓慢下降.     

PA6/LDPE共混物流变性能的研究

研究了聚酰胺6/低密度聚乙烯(PA6/LDPE)共混体系的结构和流变性能。结果表明:共混体系呈现以PA6为分散相,LDPE为连续相的海岛结构;在实验范围内共混体系为非牛顿流体,满足幂律方程;LDPE对温度比较敏感,LDPE的流变行为占主导地位,PA6的粘度主要受剪切力的影响;在剪切速度一定时,PA6与LDPE的粘度比随着温度的升高而增加;在温度一定时,粘度比随着剪切速率的增加而下降;改变温度及剪切力可以调节两组分粘度比。     

计算机模拟醋酸纤维纺丝液的过滤过程

通过恒压过滤理论与高分子浓溶液的粘度特性对醋酸纤维纺丝液的过滤过程做了理论推导,通过计算机对纺丝液固含量、过滤温度、过滤压力等工艺参数对纺丝液过滤过程的影响做了模拟和分析。结果表明：纺鳇液圃含量升高后体系粘度会增加,同时过滤速率明显降低;升高过滤温度后纺丝液粘度有所下降,过滤速率将增大;纺丝液的过滤常数会随压差的升高而增大,过滤速率也随之所提高。     

二醋酸纤维素丙酮溶液的流变性质研究

用TR - 1型气动式毛细管流变仪研究了二醋酸纤维素 (CA)丙酮溶液的流变性质 ,用X -射线衍射研究了CA的结晶结构 ,并探讨它们与流变性的关系。结果表明CA丙酮浓溶液为切力变稀的假塑性流体 ,随着溶液浓度和温度提高 ,流动曲线渐趋复杂 ;CA结晶度大小及取代均一性对流变行为有较大影响     

Shear flow behaviors of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) spinning dope

In this study, the shear flow properties of Poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO)/poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) spinning dope were studied by means of capillary rheometer. The effect of shear stress, temperature, PBO concentration, and PBO molecular weight on the apparent viscosity of PBO/PPA dope was discussed. The results showed that the apparent viscosity of the dope decreased with the increase of the shear stress and the temperature. The flow behavior index increased with the increase of temperature, which indicated that the non‐Newtonian behavior of the dope became weaker at high temperature. Moreover, it was also found that at high shear stress, the apparent viscosity of the dope was insensitive to the temperature, PBO molecular weight, and PBO concentration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

湿纺生产再生二醋纤烟用滤嘴丝束的研究 第1报 醋酸纤维素—丙酮溶液的流变性质

纺丝原液的可纺性优劣对纺丝生产工艺的影响非常大。原液的可纺性又与其流变性质有密切关系,因而研究纺丝原液的流变性质具有十分重要的意义。本文利用旋转粘度计研究了浓度为20～32％的几种废醋纤烟用滤嘴丝束(WCA)一丙酮纺丝原液在20～50℃范围内的流变性质,叙述了原液浓度和原液温度与非牛顿流动指数、结构粘度指数和粘流活化能的关系。讨论了纺丝原液组成对原液流变性质的影响。试验发现该WCA一丙酮纺丝原液的非牛顿流动指数(n)为0.7998～0.9332;结构粘度指数(△η)为4.5～7.25;粘流活化能(Eη)为11.2～30.3;极限零切变粘度与原液浓度的关系为η_0∝4.6～5.9。试验结果表明,WCA一丙酮纺丝原液中的三醋酸甘油酯起到了增溶作用,可以降低原液粘度。     

碱溶性羟乙基纤维素在复合溶剂体系中的流变性能

使用平行板流变仪,以氢氧化钠/硫脲/尿素/水溶液作为碱溶性羟乙基纤维素(HEC)的复合溶剂,研究了HEC在该溶剂体系中的流变性能,并考察了剪切速率、温度及溶液浓度对溶液的非牛顿指数、结构黏度指数及黏流活化能的影响。结果表明:溶液属于切力变稀型假塑性流体,随溶液温度下降及浓度增加,溶液的表观黏度和结构黏度指数增大,非牛顿性增强;该溶液的黏流活化能随着剪切速率的增加而下降。     

Ripening time and fiber formation of chitosan spinning dope

A study was carried out on the wet spinning of chitosan fibers using 2% acetic acid as a solvent, 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide as a nonsolvent, and 4% chitosan solution as a polymer concentration. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ripening time of the spinning dope on the ability of fiber formation (i‐value), structure, thermal, and mechanical properties (such as fineness, tenacity, elongation, work of rupture, etc.) of chitosan fibers. Based on the results, it can be seen that the ripening time of spinning dope (in days), with the same polymer concentration of spinning dope, changes from 1 to 8, and the i‐value of the spinning dope increased with an increasing of the ripening time. At the ripening time of 8 days, tensile strength, elongation, and work of rupture showed minimum value attributed to the excessive degradation of the chitosan polymer chains left from the mixing operation that took place at the same time as the ripening time of the spinning dope, which means that the optimum ripening time of the spinning dope is 1 to 7 days. However, the thermal decomposition temperature and the onset of the exothermic temperature of thermal properties decreased with an increased ripening time. On the other hand, tenacity, elongation, and toughness decreased with increasing ripening time, and these qualities radically decreased with an increasing ripening time of more than a week. This indicates that the dispersion of aggregates and the degradation of chitosan polymer chains left from the mixing operation occurred at the same time during the ripening time of the spinning dope. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2870–2877, 2003     

Effect of oxalic acid on the rheological properties of dope solution of poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(methyl acrylate)‐co‐(itaconic acid)]

The very high dope viscosity of concentrated dope of poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(methyl acrylate)‐co‐(itaconic acid)] (with M?_v = 10.67 × 10⁵g mol^?1) in DMF could be diminished significantly by the addition of oxalic acid (OXA). The change in steady shear rheological behaviour caused by OXA has been analysed for the dope using a rheometer working in the viscosity mode. The temperature dependence of η₀ conformed to the Arrhenius‐Frenkel‐Eyring equation. ΔG_v decreased marginally with OXA concentration, and the least value was observed at an OXA concentration of 0.63 % by weight. Shear thinning behaviour was observed under higher shear rates for the terpolymer solutions in the presence and absence of OXA. The pseudoplasticity index (n) showed an abrupt initial increase on addition of OXA. The OXA concentration of 0.63 % by weight was advantageous for decreasing the viscosity of the polymer dope. The reduction in viscosity is attributed to the disturbed polymer‐polymer interactions by way of H‐bonding of OXA with the polymer. OXA‐containing dope at higher shear rate could achieve very low viscosities. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry