微型CCD光谱仪器的总体结构设计

着眼于近年来CCD技术和计算机技术方面的迅速发展，在深入分析光谱仪的一般结构与原理的基础上研制一种实用的利用线阵CCD与计算机结合的多通道光谱测量仪器。光谱测量范围为400～760nm，光谱分辨率3．9nm。由于采用一维线阵探测器，与传统扫描式光谱仪相比，本光谱仪的检测速度得到极大的提高。     

用于大气遥感探测的临边成像光谱仪

分析了大气临边成像光谱探测的原理,依据应用要求设计研制了光栅色散型紫外/可见临边成像光谱仪原理样机。该样机采用宽波段折射式消色差前置望远光学系统与改进的Czerny-Turner光谱成像系统匹配的结构形式,工作波段为540～800nm(一级光谱)和270～400nm(二级光谱),通过切换紫外、可见带通滤光片来实现两个波段分别探测,质量为8kg,体积为450mm×250mm×200mm。用该样机进行了实验室光谱实验,并对光谱分辨率进行了分析,测量了该样机的实际光谱分辨率。测量结果表明,该样机的实际光谱分辨率为1.3nm,接近其理论光谱分辨率1.12nm,满足设计指标1.4nm的要求,并具有体积小、质量轻等特点,适合空间遥感应用。     

超光谱成像仪的精细光谱定标

为了精细标定棱镜色散超光谱成像仪1024×80光谱像元的中心波长和响应带宽,建立了一套光谱定标装置,提出了实现1nm光谱定标精度的定标方法。首先,介绍了产生谱线弯曲与谱线倾斜的原因,确定了精细光谱定标的方法和数据处理算法;然后,利用光谱定标装置测定了全部光谱响应像元的离散单色光响应值,利用高斯方程拟合了相对光谱响应曲线;最后,建立了中心波长矩阵表和带宽矩阵表,采用多项式拟合算法确定了空间视场像元的色散方程和光谱通道谱线弯曲方程,实验测定了温度变化谱线漂移结果。另外,还对光谱定标精度对辐射定标精度的影响进行了分析。光谱定标结果表明:超光谱成像仪的光谱定标精度达到了±1nm,各谱段带宽平均为8.75nm;色散方程及谱线弯曲与设计结果相符,谱线弯曲值为14～19nm,平均值为17nm;1nm的定标精度对辐射定标精度的影响分别小于1%(3000K黑体)和0.25%(6000K黑体),满足超光谱成像仪1nm光谱定标精度的要求。     

阶梯光栅光谱仪

德国柏林激光器技术公司生产一种阶梯光栅光谱仪，该光谱仪通过激光诱导等离子体光谱学同时分析元素。仪器在175nm-750nm的波长范围内探测元素，在真空紫外中的光谱分辨力为35000，在紫外一近红外范围内的光谱分辨力为15000。两台对称排列的摄谱仪的光谱照射一个共用探测器。     

成像光谱技术在苹果内外部品质检测中的应用研究

采用光谱成像技术,对苹果的果径及糖度检测进行研究。通过一次性采集苹果不同波长的光谱图像,采用最小外接矩形法及多元线性回归法建立标定方程,对苹果果径进行检测,检测的正确率为97.76%。通过选取波长为633nm、649nm、669nm、766nm、850nm和905nm的苹果光谱图像,使用洛伦兹函数拟合感兴趣区域的图像灰度分布,将拟合所得参量与苹果的糖度进行逐步多元线性回归,建立633nm、649nm和669nm三波长最优组合的苹果糖度预测模型,校正集相关系数Rc=0.89,校正标准差SEC=0.491,验证集相关系数Rv=0.89,验证标准差为SEV=0.525。实验表明:利用光谱成像技术可同时进行苹果的内外部品质检测,为实现对苹果的综合品质在线检测提供依据。     

基于多光谱成像技术的水稻特征光谱提取

为了获取水稻光谱的有效特征信息,选取健康的TN1#水稻幼苗为研究对象,利用由液晶可调谐滤波器、单色CMOS相机与计算机控制软件组成的多光谱图像采集系统,获取健康水稻幼苗的20个可见光通道的多光谱图像。在此基础上,采用多光谱图像的平均灰度值,通过波段选择的指数方法计算出各通道的波段指数并加以排序,选出波段指数较大的10个通道,目的是探讨能有效反映出水稻特征光谱信息的特征波段。实验结果表明,用波段选择的指数方法提取多光谱图像的特征波段,能快速获取水稻的叶片信息。通道475nm、500nm、530nm、545nm、550nm、520nm、560nm、630nm、660nm、720nm能更好地反映出水稻特征光谱信息,可作为水稻的有效特征信息通道。     

宽谱段空间外差干涉光谱仪

研究了基于中阶梯光栅多级衍射特性实现谱段展宽的宽谱段空间外差干涉光谱仪的基础理论和系统设计方法。阐述了宽谱段空间外差干涉光谱仪的特点,分析了仪器性能指标(光谱分辨率、光谱范围、视场、信噪比、衍射级次等)与初始光学和电子学参数(光栅、视场棱镜、成像系统、探测器等)之间的理论关系。然后,设计并搭建了宽谱段空间外差干涉光谱仪实验平台,该系统的理论光谱分辨率为0.173cm-1@16 950cm-1,光谱区为500~700nm。最后,给出了激光(543.5nm、632.8nm)、Na灯(589nm、589.6nm)、Hg灯(576.96nm、579.07nm)光源的宽谱段实验结果,其复原光谱的平均波数采样间隔为0.17cm-1;光谱复原过程中采用三角切趾函数,平均光谱分辨率为0.39cm-1。实验结果与理论设计符合良好,且复原谱各级次之间的对应关系与光栅方程确定的理论关系完全符合。     

用LCTF光谱技术提取甘蓝小菜蛾虫害叶片特征波段

利用由液晶可调滤波器(liquid crystal tunable filter,LCTF)和单色CCD相机组成的光谱成像系统对甘蓝正常叶片和遭受小菜蛾虫害甘蓝叶片的光谱特征进行分析,获取了430~720nm每隔5nm波段的灰度值信息,并采用自适应波段选择方法提取出了两种叶片的特征波段,通过欧氏距离聚类方法对所提取的特征波段进行聚类分析。结果表明甘蓝正常叶片在545nm、645nm、650nm、655nm波段具有较大光谱信息量,而虫害叶片在550nm、555nm、575nm、585nm、715nm波段有较大光谱信息量。因此,可以利用LCTF快速地检测出植物是否遭受虫害,为农业虫害检测提供了一种新方法。     

多波长激发高分辨率微型拉曼光谱仪设计

针对不同激光波长激发测试样品所需拉曼光谱范围的差异性问题,同时为了保证拉曼光谱仪的小型化及高分辨率需求,提出一种以Czerny-Turner光路结构为基础的微型拉曼光谱仪,通过Zemax光学设计软件对光谱仪的准直镜、聚焦镜、柱面镜、光栅以及CCD的倾角及距离进行了优化。该仪器激光波长为633 nm,光谱范围为640～800 nm。进一步优化光栅旋转角度并配合聚焦镜,可使此光学系统同时适用于激光波长532 nm、光谱范围540～650 nm和激光波长785 nm、光谱范围790～1 000 nm两个波段。拉曼光谱仪分辨率为0.1 nm,该光谱仪在保证高分辨率的情况下解决了不同波段范围光学结构差异性大而导致光机设计很难整合在一起的问题。     

福寿螺卵壳的激光拉曼光谱分析

为了研究福寿螺卵壳的化学组成，采用514nm、633nm、785nm三个不同激发波长分别测量了福寿螺卵壳的激光拉曼光谱。结果表明，卵壳中除含有六方碳钙石外，还含有类胡萝卜素。根据类胡萝卜素的拉曼位移，推算类胡萝卜素分子中共扼C=C双键的数目为11左右。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.