光响应形状记忆聚合物的研究进展

光响应形状记忆聚合物是一类刺激响应智能材料，它可以根据光照变化做出相应的形状改变。相比于传统的热响应形状记忆聚合物，光响应形状记忆聚合物具有远程控制、非接触式操作、局部驱动等优点。通过综述光响应形状记忆聚合物的研究进展，介绍光响应形状记忆聚合物的定义、机理、研究现状，以及光响应形状记忆聚合物在自修复材料、柔性电子器件和传感驱动领域的应用前景。总结了光响应形状记忆聚合物的优点，提出所面临的问题并进行了展望。     

自修复涂层材料研究进展

综述了自修复涂层材料研究进展。重点介绍了几种外援型自修复涂层包括微/纳米胶囊填充型自修复涂层、微/纳米容器填充型自修复涂层以及形状记忆纤维丝/聚合物自修复涂层;同时介绍了几种本征型自修复涂层,包括紫外光引发自修复涂层、热可逆交联自修复涂层以及层层组装自修复聚合物膜涂层。对其自修复机理、涂层的制备、性能及研究进展进行了阐述;最后对自修复涂层的前景进行了展望。     

自修复聚合物在电化学储能领域的研究进展

自修复聚合物材料能够自行修复在加工和使用过程中产生的微观或者宏观损伤,从而解决材料内部微裂纹难以检测和修复的问题,保持其结构和功能的完整性。将自修复聚合物应用于电化学储能器件中,可有效提升器件的安全可靠性和使用寿命,成为近年来的研究热点之一。本文概括介绍了外援型和本征型自修复聚合物材料的修复机理,着重总结了不需要修复剂、且可实现多次可逆修复的本征型自修复聚合物应用于电化学储能领域的研究进展,以储能器件的电极、电解质以及界面为出发点,综述了自修复功能聚合物分别作为高比能电极黏结剂、界面修饰层、可自修复电解质的研究进展,阐述了自修复机理及其对储能器件电化学性能的影响规律,探讨了自修复聚合物材料在储能领域未来的发展方向。     

基于可逆共价键的自修复聚合物材料研究进展

自修复聚合物材料是一种具有自修复能力的聚合物智能材料,近年来已成为国内外的研究热点。在聚合物基体中引入可逆共价键,在外界条件刺激下,聚合物可快速、高效自修复,这有助于延长聚合物材料的使用寿命。能形成可逆共价键的反应主要包括可逆开环加成反应、交换反应和稳定自由基重组反应等。文中以不同类型的可逆反应为线索,从可逆共价键的类型、修复条件、修复效率等方面综述了近年来基于可逆共价键的自修复聚合物材料的研究进展,比较了不同可逆共价键形成聚合物的优缺点,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

光固化快速成型材料的合成及光聚合反应研究

以丙烯酸酯化环氧树脂E-51,合成了光固化快速成型的关键材料--光敏树脂.探讨了酯化反应及光聚合机理,用SEM和IR表征了树脂体系的固化结构和固化度.结果表明,酯化反应是环氧基开环、C=C引入的反应;光聚合的机理是C=C裂解、C-C链增长的反应;树脂体系固化后呈不规则体型交联结构;限定其它条件,光引发剂含量为3.5%时,固化度最好.     

自修复聚合物的制备与应用研究进展

聚合物暴露于外部环境(光照、紫外线、热)之中会受到破坏,降低材料的性能以及使用寿命。自修复是人们模仿生物体损伤愈合的概念,解决材料损伤、延长材料使用寿命的新方法。针对近年来自修复聚合物材料的研究情况,文中根据自修复机理将其分为共价键自修复材料、超分子自修复材料两类,分别阐述了它们的化学原理与制备方法。在此基础上,对自修复性质的多样性,如形状自修复、导电性自修复、疏水性自修复、顺磁性自修复等应用性质进行综述。最后,展望了自修复聚合物材料的发展方向,指出纳米粒子、石墨烯等新颖的自修复方法已经崭露头角,有望从材料的堆积结构层次上完善并提高聚合物的自修复性能。     

光折变聚合物的研究进展

近年来，聚合物光折变材料越来越受到人在关注，因为民无机材料相比，聚合物材料有较高的电光系数，较高的光损伤阈值，低的直流电常数，而且易于加工，所以光折变聚合物材料显示光明的应用前景，文中介绍了光折变产生的简单的机理，以及目前国际上所研究的各类材料及发展状况。     

热可逆自修复聚合物研究进展

自修复聚合物是一类可利用自身结构内部的可逆反应或者大分子扩散来完成对微裂纹自修复的物质。在众多的自修复方式中，热刺激是最快捷和应用最多、最广的方式。针对目前火药的加工条件，结合近年来自修复聚合物的研究状况，对60 ℃以下通过热刺激响应实现自修复，且具有一定力学强度的聚合物黏结剂材料进行综述。自修复聚合物主要分为动态共价键自修复和基于非共价键的超分子自修复，分别对其自修复机理、制备方法和目前的研究进展进行了阐述，为其在含能材料中的应用提供参考。     

光引发合成聚丙烯腈研究

调控聚丙烯腈分子量及其分布一直是炭纤维制备的重要问题.本文以丙烯腈为反应单体,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,采用光引发方式结合溶液聚合方法研究聚丙烯腈的合成.分别用乌氏黏度计和凝胶色谱仪测定了聚合物的分子量和分子量分布,并用红外光谱仪以及核磁共振仪对聚合物的分子结构进行了分析.结果表明,不含化学引发剂的光引发溶液聚合方法所合成的产...     

自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能研究

目的对自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺及性能进行综述,为制备高修复效率的聚合物提供指导,并指出其未来的发展趋势。方法从聚氨酯弹性体的修复机理出发,收集并分析自修复聚氨酯弹性体的最新研究进展,总结典型自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺和性能指标;根据修复机理进行分类,对近年来本征型(Diels-Alder反应、Disulfide键、氢键等)和外援型(微胶囊化)自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备和性能进行综述,并讨论自修复聚氨酯弹性体的修复效率。结论虽然基于不同动态键的自修复聚氨酯弹性体取得了一定的发展,但开发高修复效率的材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。总结了提高自修复聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的途径,为实现修复性能与力学性能的平衡提供了指导。     

Review of recent achievements in self-healing conductive materials and their applications

Self-healing materials have attracted increasing attention because of their wide range of applications. It can be expected to offer obvious advantages in conductive materials with self-healing properties, which are regarded as promising candidates for the fabrication of self-healing electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, anticorrosive coating and conductive adhesives. In this review, we focused on recent efforts to develop self-healing conductive composites including their preparation methods, properties and applications. The self-healing conductive materials were presented based on different conductive mediums, such as metal, carbon, conductive polymer, ionic liquids. In addition, their novel applications of the self-healing conductive materials in conductive coatings, energy storage devices and sensors are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges of conductive materials with self-healing properties are proposed.     

高分子材料自修复机理的研究进展

综述了高分子材料自修复的各种机理:基于微胶囊和液芯纤维的第一代自修复高分子;基于类毛细血管结构的第二代自修复高分子;基于可逆共价键的分子自修复机理;基于可逆非共价键的分子自修复机理;基于纳米粒子和离聚物的自修复机理;以及外力感应型自修复机理。重点介绍了各种机理的化学过程、特点和自修复效率。最后,展望了自修复高分子材料的发展前景。     

微胶囊型自愈合聚合物基复合材料研究进展

自愈合材料是一种可以模仿生物体自行愈合的新型智能材料,具有广泛的应用前景。微胶囊型自愈合聚合物基复合材料是近年来复合材料自愈合方法领域内的研究热点之一。本文对目前聚合物基复合材料自愈合方法进行了综述,着重介绍了微胶囊型自愈合聚合物基复合材料的自愈合概念和机制、微胶囊结构及其技术发展状况,并详细介绍了微胶囊的芯材、壁材、自愈合基体材料及微胶囊临界应力等因素对复合材料自愈合性能的影响,以及自愈合效率的评估方法。最后讨论了微胶囊型自愈合聚合物基复合材料的发展趋势和面临挑战。     

Self-repair of structural and functional composites with intrinsically self-healing polymer matrices: A review

Self-healing is a smart and promising way to make materials more reliable and longer lasting. In the case of structural or functional composites based on a polymer matrix, very often mechanical damage in the polymer matrix or debonding at the matrix–filler interface is responsible for the decrease in intended properties. This review describes the healing behavior in structural and functional polymer composites with a so-called intrinsically self-healing polymer as the continuous matrix. A clear similarity in the healing of structural and functional properties is demonstrated which can ultimately lead to the design of polymer composites that autonomously restore multiple properties using the same self-healing mechanism.     

Self-healing efficiency of unhydrated cement nuclei for dome-like crack mode in cementitious materials

Nuclei of cement particles left unhydrated in cementitious materials after maturation can provide self-healing capability to micro-cracked matrix under favorable conditions. In this present study under the assumption that self-healing is attributed to the rehydration of the unhydrated cement nuclei in cementitious materials, a model study is conducted to characterize the self-healing efficiency of the hydration reaction of unhydrated cement nuclei on crack. Based on a tortuous crack path around unhydrated cement nuclei in practical cementitious materials, a dome-like crack mode is presented to investigate the self-healing efficiency on cracks. Recurring to a generalized hydration reaction model of cement particles, the analytical self-healing efficiency model quantitatively considers the influence of the volume fraction and particle size distribution of unhydrated cement nuclei randomly distributed in cementitious materials based on the proposed dome-like crack mode. Meanwhile, the healing process of unhydrated cement nuclei in model cementitious materials is simulated and the reliability of these analytical models is verified via computer simulation. Furthermore, model applications suggest that volume fraction of unhydrated cement nuclei in matrix is a key factor and the particle size distribution is also very important for self-healing efficiency in the long time.     

Self-Healing Polymers Based on Coordination Bonds

Self-healing ability is an important survival feature in nature, with which living beings can spontaneously repair damage when wounded. Inspired by nature, people have designed and synthesized many self-healing materials by encapsulating healing agents or incorporating reversible covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions into a polymer matrix. Among the noncovalent interactions, the coordination bond is demonstrated to be effective for constructing highly efficient self-healing polymers. Moreover, with the presence of functional metal ions or ligands and dynamic metal–ligand bonds, self-healing polymers can show various functions such as dielectrics, luminescence, magnetism, catalysis, stimuli-responsiveness, and shape-memory behavior. Herein, the recent developments and achievements made in the field of self-healing polymers based on coordination bonds are presented. The advantages of coordination bonds in constructing self-healing polymers are highlighted, the various metal–ligand bonds being utilized in self-healing polymers are summarized, and examples of functional self-healing polymers originating from metal–ligand interactions are given. Finally, a perspective is included addressing the promises and challenges for the future development of self-healing polymers based on coordination bonds.     

A dual-functional polymeric system combining shape memory with self-healing properties

With the aim of seeking a convenient way for integrating functional materials, a polymeric system, presenting both self-healing property and shape memory behavior, was proposed and constructed based on epoxy based shape memory polymer (ESMP) and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The synthesis principle of PCL–ESMP composite was based on phase separation phenomenon between the two ingredients. Such phase separated PCL–ESMP composite reserved melting transition of PCL and glassy transition of ESMP, respectively, which was the crucial mechanism for achieving self-healing performance and shape memory behavior. A bending-recovery experiment demonstrated that PCL–ESMP composite possessed excellent thermal-induced dual-shape memory effect. Meanwhile, single edge notched bend testing revealed that such composite exhibited desirable self-healing performance as well. This article introduced a simple contrivable concept and exhibited some experimental results of the PCL–ESMP dual-functional composite system. The promising applications are expected to more widely, such as functional composite matrix and intelligent structures.