X1215易切削钢生产工艺实践研究

成功开发了X1215易切削钢100t转炉-1 00t LF炉-150mm× 150mm连铸-高线轧制生产工艺.通过LF期不完全脱氧及出钢时钙线调氧,控制LF精炼渣二元碱度在1.0～2.5与底吹氩气100～120L/min的工艺措施,确保了在不同工位钢中存在适当的氧含量.对X1215钢中夹杂物的检测表明,该工艺条件下钢中硫化物形貌和含量控制合理.实践表明,准确预判终点氧含量以确定脱氧剂加入量,合理的控制不同工位氧含量是达到线材产品质量稳定控制的关键.     

多功能钢包精炼20年

L FV和 L F- VD精炼功能的开发 ,使模铸轴承钢钢中氧含量在 9× 10 - 6 以下 ;L F- VD精炼模铸轴承钢和连铸轴承钢 ,可使钢中氧含量、硫含量和钛含量分别在 9× 10 - 6 、0 .0 0 5 %和 2 3× 10 - 6 以下 ,L FV精炼不锈钢 ,最低碳含量可达 0 .0 0 4% ;L FV精炼 0 0 Cr2 5 Ni2 2 Mo2 N超纯超低碳不锈钢可使其氧含量达到 31× 10 - 6 。     

70t钢包炉喂丝及吹氩工艺的优化

对八钢70t精炼炉吹氩和喂丝进行了系统的研究，找出影响钢中氧含量及夹杂物含量变化规律的因素，针对钢包吹氩和喂丝工艺进行优化，为控制钢中夹杂物及氧含量指出了方向。     

转炉终点氧含量影响因素分析与控制措施

简述了转炉终点氧含量高带来的危害,分析了影响终点氧含量的影响主要因素,研究了转炉终点碳、终点温度以及底吹效果对钢水氧含量的具体影响,在此基础上进一步提出了控制转炉钢水氧含量的措施.     

一种电炉钢液的高效脱氢方法

钢的纯洁度的不断提高 ,对钢液中氢含量提出了新的要求。影响电炉钢中氢含量的因素有 :大气水分 ,大气相对湿度、炉渣特性 ,电炉 ,钢包和中间包的耐火衬 ,合金添加剂 ,钢中硫含量和脱硫剂及脱氧剂 ,钢中氧含量 ,废钢和铁水。采用 10 0 t真空炉真空精炼电炉钢钢水 ,控制 6 7Pa高真空度、高真空时间、吹氩强度、真空温降、精炼渣量 ,能使真空脱氢率在 70 %以上 ,钢中氢含量最低为 0 .5× 10 - 6     

冶金过程中炼钢洁净度控制的时空多尺度结构

将时空多尺度理论引入到炼钢洁净度控制研究中,以炼钢氧含量控制为切入点,简述了钢的洁净度控制过程存在时空多尺度结构,说明了时空多尺度理论在钢的洁净度控制中所具有的研究价值和应用前景.     

连铸高碳铬轴承钢的脱氧工艺探讨

采用２０ｔＥＡＦ初炼、２５ｔＬＦ精炼、小方坯铸工艺生产高碳铬轴承钢。初炼炉内使用硅铝沉淀脱氧，精炼炉内电弧加热并进行覆盖渣下非真空条件吹氩搅拌，使钢的平均氧含量低于１８×１０＾－６，点状出现率为１０％，最高点状等级为３级，３级以上出现率为１．２％。在３０－１０ｋＰａ真空度下继续精炼３０ｍｉｎ，使成品网的ΣＯ低于１３×１０＾－６，显微夹杂物等级达到国内外较先进水平。     

底吹二氧化碳对炼钢工艺及透气砖影响研究

基于CO_2与钢中元素的反应机理和化学效应,采用中频感应炉研究底吹不同比例CO_2对铁液中元素含量和底吹透气砖的影响,实验结果表明底吹CO_2不会堵塞底吹元件,底吹CO_2降低钢中氮含量,对氧含量无明显影响。     

高碳金属化球团制备与应用研究

高碳金属化球团作为一种新型冶金原料,应用于电弧炉冶炼生产过程中,可以有效增加炉料配碳量,并实现在渣钢界面以下进行反应,达到良好的增碳及发泡效果.通过预还原实验与球团制备实验,获取球团制备的最优工艺方案;并将成品球团应用于某钢厂90 t电弧炉冶炼生产,通过对比高碳金属化球团加入前后的主要冶炼参数,探究并分析其在工业生产中...     

一种高碳、高铬、高钨镍基合金中硅的测定

镍基合金常用于耐高温、高强度的场合,我公司引进的CAT3300B系列柴油机中排气门应使用的是一种高碳、高铬、高钨、高硅的镍基合金,这种材料难于成份分析。本文介绍这种复杂镍基金中硅含量的分光光度法测定,方法简便、有效,不需要特殊仪器,试样分解快速。利用铁基标准试样绘制检量线检出结果,消除铁对显色深度的影响。所建立的分析方法除能快速测定镍基耐热合金外,还可以适用于各种钢、合金、铸铁和合金铸铁。     

Influence of physical properties of activated carbons on characteristics of electric double-layer capacitors

Electrochemical characterization has been carried out for several activated carbons used as polarizable electrodes of electric double-layer capacitors in an aqueous electrolytic solution. The rest potential of the activated carbon was proportional to the logarithm of the oxygen content or to the concentration of the acidic surface functional groups of the activated carbon. The result of triangular voltage-sweep cyclic voltammetry was the same as that of the residual current measurement. The oxygen content and concentration of the acidic surface groups of activated carbon influenced the electrochemical characteristics of the activated carbon. Under anodic polarization, gas evolution was observed at the electrode surface of activated carbon with high oxygen content at 0.8 V versus saturated calomel electrode ( SCE). Gas evolution was not observed at the electrode surface of activated carbon with low oxygen content even to 1.0 V versus SCE. Under cathodic polarization of activated carbon with high oxygen content, the peak was observed at approximately −0.2 V versus SCE, but there was no gas evolution at the electrode surface of the activated carbon. Bubbles were not observed at the electrode surface of activated carbon with low oxygen content at −0.5 V versus SCE. Electric double-layer capacitors were made from activated carbons used for electrochemical measurements; load-life tests have been carried out. Thickness and internal resistance of the capacitor composed of activated carbon with high oxygen content increased. The changes in thickness and internal resistance of the capacitor composed of activated carbon with low oxygen content were small.     

钢中含氮量对钢丝拉拔性能的影响

进行了钢包底吹氮，底吹氮－氩和底吹氩三种精炼工艺对比试验，结果显示，钢中含氮量对钢丝拉拔性能影响显著。钢丝拉拔性能随钢中含氮量下降而有所改善。     

LF炉的生产与技术

本文介绍了我国自行设计和制造的大型精炼设备——LF(HB-40型)钢包精炼炉的运行简况。经过七年的工业运行,已累计精炼64万t钢。精炼钢种包括含氧量低于13PPm的优质轴承钢,各种中低碳合金钢和超低碳不锈钢等44种。而且也积累了一定的炉外精炼操作经验。     

EAF-LF-VD流程低氮氧含量控制工艺探讨与实践

介绍了EAF-LF-VD设备概况及冶金工艺流程,对要求低氮氧含量的SCM440钢种的冶炼工艺和实际生产情况进行了阐述和分析,冶炼终点钢水(N)+(O)≤60×106。     

输电线路铁塔接地引下线优化设计

针对传统接地引下线存在的易腐蚀和材料质地太硬的缺陷,提出将接地引下线的制作材料用镀锌钢绞线代替,同时制定了钢绞线接地引下线的安装方法,并通过热稳定计算确定了钢绞线截面积。实例应用结果表明,该优化设计方法安装简单、方便,成本小,同时在减少输电线路维护工作量、运行成本和延长接地引下线使用寿命等方面均具有很强的实用性。     

Prediction of the physicochemical properties of woody biomass using linear prediction and artificial neural networks

This article aims at using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and linear prediction to predict the physicochemical properties of woody biomass, including gross calorific value, carbon content, and oxygen content. By analyzing 43 data groups, it was found that Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network (MLFN) with 11 nodes is the best model for predicting the gross calorific value, with a root mean square (RMS) error of 0.85; General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) is the best model for predicting the carbon content, with an RMS error of 1.66; and linear prediction is the best model for predicting the oxygen content, with an RMS error of 2.11.     

EAF-RH-LF-CC生产Q345B的洁净度研究

在炼钢过程各工位取样,分析研究了EAF-RH-LF-CC工艺下Q345B无缝管钢的洁净度.试验结果表明：（1）铸坯中的总氧含量可以稳定在0.002%左右;（2）非金属夹杂物以近似球形的氧化物和硫化物居多,其数量依炼钢流程工序不断降低,且精炼过程中降幅最大.（3）LF过程有明显的增氮现象,需控制LF过程的二次氧化;（4）与RH过程相比,在LF结束时钢中10～20μm的夹杂数量较多,应适当延长LF脱氧后的软吹时间;（5）RH精炼初渣中w（FeO＋MnO）过高,RH钢包渣需进行改质处理.     

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis of N-containing carbon-based cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

We report on the electronic structure of three different types of N-containing carbon-based cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells observed by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Prepared samples are derived from: (1) melamine and poly(furfuryl alcohol), (2) nitrogen-doped carbon black and (3) cobalt phthalocyanine and phenolic resin. C 1s spectra show the importance of sp² carbon network formation for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. N 1s spectra of the carbon-based cathode catalysts are decomposed into four components identified as pyridine-like, pyrrole- or cyanide-like, graphite-like, and oxide nitrogen. Samples having high oxygen reduction reaction activity in terms of oxygen reduction potential contain high concentration of graphite-like nitrogen. O 1s spectra are similar among carbon-based cathode catalysts of different oxygen reduction reaction activity. There is no correlation between the ORR activity and oxygen content. Based on a quantitative analysis of our results, the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the carbon-based cathode catalysts will be improved by increasing concentration of graphite-like nitrogen in a developed sp² carbon network.