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针对准东煤碱金属含量高导致灰熔融温度低、在燃烧过程中容易造成沾污及结焦等问题,利用恒温热重实验系统,研究了准东煤的燃烧特性及温度、煤种掺混等对燃烧特性的影响。实验结果表明:单煤煤种燃烧过程中,不同煤种燃尽时间、燃烧速率存在显著差异,其中路茂通坎乡煤种和永华金泰煤种差异最大,路茂通坎乡煤种易着火,燃烧速率快,燃尽时间短;随着温度升高,单煤燃烧失重曲线发生左移,燃尽时间缩短,燃烧速率上升,表明温度升高会加速煤粉燃烧,并且1 000℃后提高温度对焦碳燃尽的促进作用更明显;掺混燃烧过程中,掺烧高挥发分的煤种可以有效改善煤粉燃烧初期着火特性,而掺烧高固定碳煤种可使燃尽时间延长,从而降低燃尽率;混煤掺烧能够提高灰熔点,有效改善准东煤熔融特性,从而在煤源方面减少或者避免炉膛受热面沾污、结渣,确保锅炉运行的安全性和经济性。 相似文献
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《热能动力工程》2016,31(4)
本研究通过对马弗炉、管式炉、平面火焰携带流反应器3种试验台在空气和富氧典型工况情况下产生的灰样进行灰熔点、XRD(X射线衍射分析)、XRF(X射线荧光光谱分析)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜分析)等多种测试,得到了富氧燃烧条件下神华煤结渣特性。与空气燃烧相比,富氧燃烧气氛对神华煤灰灰熔点影响不大;高氧浓度下灰熔点温度较低氧浓度下稍高;富氧气氛下结渣倾向明显比空气气氛下要高。但由于气氛的改变使得其中矿物质的赋存形态发生了改变。采用常用粘度和结渣指数预测不同气氛下神华煤结渣趋势,结果表明:空气条件下煤灰中Ca主要以CaO的形式存在,而富氧燃烧条件下产物中存在一定量CaCO_3。CaCO_3易黏结在一起,并会促进低灰熔点钙黄长石、钙长石的生成,从而加重结渣情况。 相似文献
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《动力工程学报》2017,(12):956-962
选用高质量分数Si、Al的大南湖一矿煤以及高质量分数Na和高质量分数Ca、Fe的二矿煤,在高温沉降炉系统中进行单煤及不同混烧比例混煤的燃烧实验.采用先进的计算机控制扫描电镜(CCSEM)技术对单煤及混烧煤灰中含Ca、Fe颗粒的粒径分布、矿物形态及其共生特性等进行表征,研究了含Ca、Fe矿物的分布规律.结果表明:相比于二矿煤灰,混烧煤灰中含Ca、Fe颗粒粒径有增大的趋势,矿物形态更加复杂;随着一矿煤混烧比例的增加,硅铝酸盐中Ca、Fe的质量分数降低,且低质量分数(10%)Ca、Fe的硅铝酸盐颗粒增加;混烧可显著减弱二矿煤的灰沉积倾向. 相似文献
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《燃烧科学与技术》2016,(2)
选用马弗炉和平面火焰携带流反应器(FF-EFR)开展了神华煤在不同气氛下的灰化实验,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热分析仪(TG/DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)对收集到的灰样进行表征,探究了神华煤灰熔融性温度低的原因,考察了灰熔点温度和灰分中矿物质成分含量受气氛的影响.结果表明,神华煤灰熔点普遍偏低,主要原因在于煤中存在大量的Ca和Fe,参与反应产生各种低熔点化合物;传统方式测得灰熔点可以代表实际锅炉中燃煤灰熔点,但不能直接表征高氧浓度燃烧反应时灰分实际熔融性特征;不同气氛下主要燃烧产物种类不变,区别在于富氧燃烧时会产生在空气中燃烧时没有的Ca CO3,从而降低富氧条件下灰熔点并加重结渣情况;富氧条件下Fe矿物形态相对空气气氛下玻璃体更多,赤铁矿更少,这些原因导致神华煤在富氧条件下结渣更严重. 相似文献
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采用双混合分数/PDF方法模拟混煤在四角切圆锅炉内的燃烧 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
模拟了劣质烟煤和无烟煤在1台300 MW四角切圆锅炉炉内分层混合燃烧的过程.模拟使用了两种方法:一种是双混合分数/PDF(Probability Density Function)方法,使用2种不同煤质特性的煤;另一种是单混合分数/PDF方法,将混煤当作一种单煤,使用质量加权平均的煤质特性进行计算.模拟及实际测量结果表明:在这种混烧方式下炉内温度及氧浓度分布呈现非均匀和对角对称的分布特征.双混合分数/PDF方法的模拟结果更符合混煤在炉内的实际燃烧过程.图6表1参11 相似文献
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气化条件下混煤灰熔融特性及矿物质演变规律 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过实验研究了高温气化条件下混煤灰的熔融特性及矿物质演变规律.结果表明,气化条件下混煤灰熔融温度的变化规律并不与配煤比例成线性关系,而与相应三元相图的液相线温度具有良好的相似性;随着低灰熔点煤灰的加入,混煤灰在三元相图上的位置逐渐由莫来石结晶区向钙长石结晶区移动,并在二元共晶线或三元共晶点附近熔融温度的变化最为显著,且低于周围位置的熔融温度;由于低灰熔点煤灰中含有较多的硬石膏、辉石、长石等矿物,高温气化条件下能分解成CaO、FeO等助熔矿物,这些助熔矿物能够与高灰熔点煤灰中的莫来石、石英等发生反应生成钙长石、铁橄榄石等低熔融矿物,从而降低了高灰熔点煤灰的熔融温度. 相似文献
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Experiments were carried out in a multi-path air inlet one-dimensional furnace to assess NOx emission characteristics of the staged combustion of BRXL lignite and its dried coals. The impact of moisture content, multiple air staging, pulverized coal fineness and burnout air position on NOx emissions under deep, middle and shallow air-staged combustion conditions. Moreover, the impact of blending coals on NOx emissions was investigated in this paper. The unburned carbon concentration in fly ash was also tested. Experimental results based on the combustion of BRXL lignite and its dried coals show that NOx emissions can be reduced drastically by air-staged combustion. NOx emissions reduce with the increase of the air that is staged and the distance between the burner and burnout air position. Dried coal of BRXL lignite emits a smaller amount of NOx than that of BRXL lignite. However, the dried degree of BRXL lignite is closely related to R90 fineness. Dried coal with optimal moisture content yields least NOx emissions. When deep or middle staged combustion was adopted, the application of multi-staged combustion is conducive to NOx reduction. However, when shallow staged combustion was adopted, NOx emissions are higher in multi-staged combustion than that in single-staged combustion with MS = 0.54. Thus, the existence of a certain concentration of O2 in reduction zone would significantly reduce NOx emissions. The blending coals that dried coals of BRXL lignite were blended with bituminous coals emit a larger amount of NOx than that of the dried coal alone. NOx emissions decrease with the increase of the proportion of dried coal in the blending coal. Moreover, the unburned carbon concentration in fly ash of dried coal in staged combustion is lower than that of BRXL lignite in staged combustion. On the whole, the dried coal of BRXL lignite is conducive to NOx reduction in staged combustion. 相似文献
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Low NOx combustion of blended coals is widely used in coal-fired boilers in China to control NOx emission; thus, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of NOx and H2S during the combustion of blended coals. This paper focused on the investigation of reductive gases in the formation of NOx and H2S in the reductive zone of blended coals during combustion. Experiments with Zhundong (ZD) and Commercial (GE) coal and their blends with different mixing ratios were conducted in a drop tube furnace at 1200°C–1400°C with an excessive air ratio of 0.6–1.2. The coal conversion and formation characteristics of CO, H2S, and NOx in the fuel-rich zone were carefully studied under different experimental conditions for different blend ratios. Blending ZD into GE was found to increase not only the coal conversion but also the concentrations of CO and H2S as NO reduction accelerated. Both the CO and H2S concentrations inblended coal combustion increase with an increase in the combustion temperature and a decrease in the excessive air ratio. Based on accumulated experimental data, one interesting finding was that NO and H2S from blended coal combustion were almost directly dependent on the CO concentration, and the CO concentration of the blended coal combustion depended on the single char gasification conversion.Thus, CO, NOx, and H2S formation characteristics from blended coal combustion can be well predicted by single char gasification kinetics. 相似文献
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煤质与气流床气化炉的匹配性至关重要,其不但影响气化炉的运行条件,也影响气化性能。本文选择了10种来自新疆和陕西北部的煤样进行了工业分析、元素分析、灰组成分析、灰熔点分析以及成浆性测试,并筛选出适合水煤浆气化的煤样。同时借助Aspen Plus软件对适合水煤浆气化的煤样在相同的煤浆浓度、碳转化率及操作压力条件下开展煤质对水煤浆气化性能影响的模拟分析。结果表明煤中灰含量越高,冷煤气效率和有效气含量越低,比氧耗和比煤耗越高;煤中O/C质量比和H/C质量比的增加也会导致冷煤气效率和有效气含量降低,比氧耗和比煤耗增加。因此从水煤浆气化经济性考虑,建议水煤浆气化煤质灰含量小于9.0wt%,煤中O/C质量比小于0.173,H/C质量比小于0.065。 相似文献
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利用热天平和小型煤粉燃烧实验台对无烟煤、贫煤及其三种配比混煤的燃烧特性、不同配风下NOx的生成规律和燃尽特性进行了实验研究。通过对试验数据的整理和分析,认为无烟煤与贫煤在燃烧性能上略有差异,混煤的燃烧特性介于两者之间,合适的选取过量空气系数可实现不同掺烧比无烟煤与贫煤混煤高效低NO燃烧。并针对三种掺烧比的混煤提出了其高效低污染燃烧的过量空气系数范围,为燃用上述混煤的电厂经济清洁运行提供一些参考数据。 相似文献
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Fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) is a promising method for the efficient combustion of coal. It is especially suited to those fuels having properties that present difficulties in conventional combustion systems such as high mineral matter content or low ash fusion temperature. Examples are given of pilot-plant trials to burn coal washery wastes and alkali-salt-bearing low-rank coals. 相似文献
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基于恒温热重-燃烧污染物在线监测系统,通过对NO瞬时释放曲线的分析,并结合燃烧反应动力学计算,研究了恒温条件下燃烧环境温度对准东煤燃烧过程中NO释放特性的影响。结果表明:随温度升高,单煤和混煤燃烧过程中NO的释放时间会显著降低,释放速度显著提高;煤种成分的差异会导致NO释放特性的差异,固定碳挥发分的质量分数对NO释放有影响,而灰分的质量分数对NO释放无影响,当高固定碳、高挥发分的煤与低固定碳、低挥发分的煤进行掺混燃烧时,混煤的NO释放量和释放速率会降低。当燃烧过程中掺混北山煤时,混煤NO释放量低,释放速率慢,可以看作是一个较为优良的混煤掺烧方案。 相似文献