苹果渣发酵生产菌体饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究

以有效微生物群（EM菌液）为发酵剂,对苹果渣进行固态发酵,生产菌体饲料蛋白。采用L27（313）正交设计试验和单因素试验对固态发酵条件进行了研究,以得到较合理的培养基。研究结果表明,苹果渣发酵的最佳培养基组成为：蔗糖添加量3%,含水量30%,培养温度25℃,接种量0.8%,发酵时间4d。发酵产物的粗蛋白含量由5.82%提高到21.28%,粗脂肪和粗灰分也有所提高,营养价值得到了改善。     

固态发酵植物药提取残渣生产饲料蛋白工艺条件

以某制药厂双黄连制剂生产过程中产生的废弃药渣作为研究对象,在对药渣成份进行了全分析的基础上,利用正交实验法研究了混菌固态发酵植物药提取残渣生产饲料蛋白工艺参数的不同,对发酵产物蛋白含量的影响。结果表明:以40g药渣,35g玉米浆,8g玉米面,15g麸皮,2g尿素组成固态发酵培养基,产朊假丝酵母与扣囊拟内孢霉的菌种配比为2∶1时,最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30℃,接种量15%,含水量65%,培养时间60h。在最佳发酵条件下,发酵产物的粗蛋白含量可达29.98%。以废弃药渣为主要原料发酵生产蛋白饲料是切实可行的。     

固态发酵生产单细胞蛋白的计量学和动力学

以苹果渣固态发酵(SSF)生产单细胞蛋白(SCP)为例,利用元素分析、曲线拟合和数学推导研究了固态发酵生产SCP的计量学和动力学,获得了适合的发酵计量学方程、数学模型和动力学方程。在此基础上总结出一种可行方法,完善固态发酵生产SCP的研究。     

混菌固态发酵豆渣生产菌体蛋白的研究

对以豆渣为原料,利用混菌固态发酵技术生产菌体蛋白饲料工艺进行了研究。通过L9(3^4)正交试验考察了培养基组成、接种物配比、初始pH值以及培养温度等因素的影响。结果表明：当培养基组成为豆渣：麸皮=8：2,接种物配比为黑曲霉：绿色木霉：啤酒酵母：产朊假丝酵母=1：1：1：3,调节初始pH值5．5,32℃培养72h,豆渣粗蛋白质含量达到28．47％。     

工业糖化酶固态发酵木薯渣制取单细胞蛋白饲料的研究

木薯是广西的主要经济作物之一,主要用于生产淀粉,其副产物木薯渣中仍残留大量淀粉,弃之会造成浪费和环境污染.本研究旨在探索一条利用木薯渣的新途径.以木薯渣为原料,利用工业糖化酶和产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)固态发酵,制取单细胞蛋白饲料.结果表明:通过高压灭菌预处理物料效果较好;氮源的添加量分别为:尿素3%,硫酸铵6%;通过单因素正交实验得最佳工艺条件为:糖化酶用量为4%,含水量为70%,发酵时间72 h,酵母接种量10%.粗蛋白质含量由底物的11.59%提高到产物的28.28%,提高了16.69个百分点.与其它方法比较,本方法利用工业糖化酶,发酵过程易于控制,不需要选育淀粉分解菌,使培养成本降低,具有一定的工业应用潜力.     

苹果渣发酵黄腐酸吸附铅离子的研究

以苹果渣为原料,采用连续二次固体发酵,再经碱溶酸析分离纯化后,得生化黄腐酸。检测了生化黄腐酸活性官能团,利用红外吸收光谱对结构进行了表征。在此基础上,通过单因素实验,考察了黄腐酸对重金属Pb2+的吸附效果。研究表明,pH 5.0,时间180 min,温度30℃,黄腐酸浓度2.5 g/L,苹果渣发酵黄腐酸对Pb2+的吸附量最大。     

柠檬酸发酵废菌渣的综合利用

研究了以柠檬酸渣为原料,采用混合菌固态发酵生产单细胞蛋白饲料。发酵结束后不仅提高了柠檬酸渣的适口性和香味,而且活菌细胞数达到45亿个/g,粗蛋白达37.8%。同时对发酵培养基中各成分对发酵的影响也进行了研究。     

箱式固态发酵生产Bt生物农药的研究

利用自制箱式固态发酵设备,以价格低廉的麸皮等农业下脚料为主要培养基,对Bt HD-1菌种公斤级固态发酵扩大条件进行了优化研究.确定最佳发酵条件为:在种龄8 h时接种,含水量为55%,pH=7.5,箱体内培养基厚度控制在4 cm,接种量为15%,发酵时间为45 h.在此条件下,单次发酵量达到1.25 kg,毒力效价稳定在13 000 IU·mg-1以上.实现了Bt生物农药公斤级固态发酵的生产,为Bt生物农药的固态发酵大规模工业化生产奠定了基础.     

周期刺激固态发酵生产纤维素酶

木质纤维素是世界上最丰富的可再生性资源,而开发利用木质纤维素的关键就是纤维素酶。固态发酵法生产纤维素酶产量高、成本低,优于液态发酵法,但因为固态发酵反应器比较独特,因此未能迅速普及。生化工程国家重点实验室研制了新型周期刺激固态反应器进行规模化生产,产品质量符合市场的要求。     

从苹果渣中提取果胶的工艺研究

以苹果渣为原料,探讨了盐析法提取果胶的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,水解部分:料液比为1∶13(g/mL),不同酸对提取率影响不大,可选用常用酸(如盐酸、硫酸)作水解剂;盐析部分:pH值为2.0,盐析温度为85℃,盐析时间为2 h。     

Experimental evaluation of alternative fermentation media for L‐lactic acid production from apple pomace

BACKGROUND: A variety of nitrogen sources were tested for lactic acid production. Corn steep liquor is a low‐cost by‐product that could replace some of the expensive nutrients of the general lactobacilli media. This work deals with the optimisation of the composition of a low‐cost medium for lactic acid production from apple pomace by Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT‐288. RESULTS: Corn steep liquor (CSL) and yeast extract (YE) were evaluated as nutrient sources for lactic acid production from apple pomace. In comparison with media containing CSL, experiments with YE led to higher volumetric productivities but lower lactic acid concentrations and product yields. The presence of YE increased the production of acetic acid. In media containing 0.2 g CSL g^?1 potential sugars, 29.5 g lactic acid L^?1 was obtained after 24 h, at good yield (35.5 g per 100 g dry apple pomace) and productivity (1.23 g L^?1 h^?1), with a lactic acid/acetic acid mass ratio of 98 g g^?1. CONCLUSION: The experimental results proved that CSL is a suitable nutrient source for lactic acid production from apple pomace, even though the volumetric productivity was lower than in experiments employing YE. Considered as a nutrient supplement, CSL presents advantages over YE not only in terms of cost but also in terms of product yield, final lactic acid concentration and lactic acid/acetic acid mass ratio. The utilisation of apple pomace as the raw material and CSL as the sole nutrient source (both cheap by‐products) enables the production of lactic acid by an economical, environmentally friendly process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Solid state fermentation of waste pomace from olive processing

Typical samples of the solid waste (50% moisture) from olive oil processing were subjected, after an alkaline pretreatment, to delignification by Phanerochaete chryosporium, Phlebia radiata, Pleurotus ostreatus or Dacrymyces stellatus. The fermented material was then saccharified by Trichoderma spp to provide a substrate for the yeasts, Candida utilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Success was judged by the level of crude protein generated, and a combination fermentation involving Phan chryosporium, T reesei and S cerevisiae increased the level of crude protein from 5.9% in the raw pomace to 40.3% in the fermented material. It is suggested that this solid‐state fermentation process could be used to manufacture an animal feed for the poultry industry in Jordan. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enhance hydrolytic enzymes production by Aspergillus awamori on supplemented grape pomace

The disposal of grape pomace by wine cellars leads to serious environmental problems. In this work we have evaluated the potential utility of this waste as substrate of fermentation for the production of several hydrolytic enzymes commonly used in the clarification processes in wine cellars and juices industries. Our results have demonstrated that the synthesis of exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), xylanase and cellullase by solid state fermentation (SSF) on a mixture of washed grape pomace and orange peels (a natural source of pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose), supplemented with a nutrient solution, increased compared to whole grape pomace. For experiments carried out with suspensions of the same mixed substrates in submerged fermentation (SmF), higher values for pectinase and xylanase were reached but with significant lower exo-PG activity per mL of extract. The activities of these enzymes on mixtures of grape pomace and orange peels, in both SSF and SmF, were similar or even higher to those produced using other agro-industrial wastes, demonstrating therefore its potential utility as an alternative substrate for the production of enzymatic extracts for clarification purposes.     

Ethanol production by solid state fermentation of sweet sorghum using thermotolerant yeast strain

Solid state fermentation of chopped sweet sorghum particles to produce ethanol was studied statically using thermotolerant yeast. The influence of various process parameters, such as yeast cell concentration, particle size and moisture content, on the ethanol yield was investigated. Optimal values of these parameters were 4 × 10⁶ cells/g raw sorghum, Dp = 1.5 mm and 75%, respectively. Addition of reducing agent H₂SO₃ into the fermentation medium provided anaerobic condition, and obtained the maximum ethanol yield of 7.9 g ethanol per 100 g fresh stalks or 0.46 g ethanol/g total sugar, which was 91% of the theoretic yield.     

Production of Citric Acid from Apple Pomace Enzymolyzed by Cellulase

Cellulase can evidently increase the content of glucose and has a significant effect on the production of citric acid from apple pomace by Aspergillus niger. Based on experiments, a cellulolytic enzyme named cellulase A6 was found able to produce about 170 g glucose from 1 kg dried apple pomace after 12 h reaction, with cellulase concentration of 20 U/g in the medium at 50℃, natural pH without pretreatment of alkali. Using the treated apple pomace as a liquid state substrate, Aspergillus niger-C selected out was able to produce about 256 g citric acid from 1 kg dried apple pomace at 35℃ in 3 d or 30℃ in 5 d with flask rotation speed of 210 r/min, and the conversion of citric acid could reach 80% based on the amount of sugar consumed.