Cu/HMS催化剂上丙二酸二乙酯催化加氢制备1,3-丙二醇

目前工业上生产1,3-丙二醇的方法存在一定局限性,为了开发出避免醛类副产物生成的1,3-丙二醇合成工艺,在高压连续固定床反应器上,以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,使用Cu/HMS催化剂催化加氢制备1,3-丙二醇。考察了原料液浓度、氢酯摩尔比、液时空速、反应温度、反应压力对反应的影响,之后进一步考察了催化剂的稳定性,并通过XRD及TEM表征分析了催化剂失活的主要原因。结果表明：在原料液质量分数7.5%、氢酯摩尔比400、液时空速1.8h^-1、反应温度200℃、反应压力1.8MPa的工艺条件下,催化剂表现出了较佳的催化加氢性能,丙二酸二乙酯转化率为93.4%,1,3-丙二醇收率可达到52.8%。反应120h后催化剂完全失活,结合XRD及TEM表征,认为粒径增大、活性组分流失或被部分氧化为Cu⁺是催化剂失活的主要原因。     

甘油催化氢解制1,3-丙二醇的纳米铜基催化剂

采用共沉淀法制备用于甘油催化氢解制1,3-丙二醇的纳米CuO-TiO₂/SiO₂催化剂,用X射线粉末衍射及扫描电子显微镜对催化剂的结构及形貌进行表征。在微型固定床反应器上考察了纳米催化剂对甘油氢解制备1,3-丙二醇的催化性能,结果表明,在反应温度190 ℃、H₂压力4.5 MPa、n(H₂)∶n(甘油)=50∶1和液空速0.30 h^-1的较佳条件下,甘油转化率为35.66%,1,3-丙二醇选择性达78.18%。     

Partial hydrogenation of propyne over copper-based catalysts and comparison with nickel-based analogues

The partial hydrogenation of propyne was studied over copper-based catalysts derived from Cu–Al hydrotalcite and malachite precursors and compared with supported systems (Cu/Al₂O₃ and Cu/SiO₂). The as-synthesized samples and the materials derived from calcination and reduction were characterized by XRF, XRD, TGA, TEM, N₂ adsorption, H₂-TPR, XPS, and N₂O pulse chemisorption. Catalytic tests were carried out in a continuous flow-reactor at ambient pressure and 423–523 K using H₂:C₃H₄ ratios of 1–12 and were complemented by operando DRIFTS experiments. The propyne conversion and propene selectivity correlated with the copper dispersion, which varied with the type of precursor or support and the calcination and reduction temperatures. The highest exposed copper surface was attained on hydrotalcite-derived catalysts, which displayed C₃H₆ selectivity up to 80% at full C₃H₄ conversion and stable performance in long-run tests at T ? 473 K. Both activated Cu–Al hydrotalcites (this work) and Ni–Al hydrotalcites [S. Abelló, D. Verboekend, B. Bridier, J. Pérez-Ramírez, J. Catal. 259 (2008) 85] exhibited a relatively high alkene selectivity under optimal operation conditions, but they present a markedly distinctive catalytic behavior with respect to temperature and hydrogen-to-alkyne ratio. The product distribution was assigned through Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations to the different stability of subsurface phases (carbides, hydrides) and the energies and barriers for the competing reaction mechanisms. The behavior of Cu in partial alkyne hydrogenation resembles that of Au nanoparticles, while Ni is closer to Pd.     

Ni/AC催化α-羟基丙酮加氢制1,2-丙二醇反应研究

制备了一系列Ni/AC催化剂,以α-羟基丙酮催化加氢制备1,2-丙二醇为目标反应,系统考察了Ni/AC催化剂的制备条件和反应工艺条件,结果表明催化剂的Ni负载量为15%,在550℃下煅烧4 h、H2气氛400℃还原4 h获得的催化剂为高分散的金属Ni物种,所得催化剂在质量空速1.4 h-1、反应温度280℃、α-羟基丙酮质量分数为50%的最优条件下,转化率达到了70.6%,1,2-丙二醇选择性为96.2%。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成丙二酸二乙酯的研究

以丙二酸和乙醇为原料，采用活性炭负载磷钨酸作催化剂合成丙二酸二乙酯。考察了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、带水剂用量以及反应时间等因素对收率的影响。确定最佳酯化反应条件：n(丙二酸n(乙醇）∶n(催化剂）＝1∶3∶0.007，带水剂甲苯15 mL，反应时间90 min。收率可达96.25%。     

甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇催化剂研究进展

随着生物质甘油下游综合利用研究的兴起,甘油氢解反应已成为研究热点。甘油氢解反应工艺的关键技术是氢解催化剂,对近年来甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇的催化剂研究进展进行综述。通过分析甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇催化剂的组成和工业应用情况,对未来可能实现工业化的催化剂体系前景进行展望。     

The catalytic decomposition of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan on copper-based catalysts

Transformations of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan on copper-based catalysts were investigated in an integral flow reactor in the gas phase in the temperature range 220–280°C. The main products of splitting were 3-phenylpropanal, 3-phenylpropan-1-ol and allylbenzene, and in some cases, styrene. Suitable reaction conditions were sought for the preparation of 3-phenylpropanal and allylbenzene from 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan.     

丙烯醛水合加氢法制备1,3-丙二醇

简述了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯 ( PTT)的特性、我国 PTT的发展状况 ,阐述了纤维级 1,3-丙二醇的研制、开发与生产对 PTT发展的重要性。着重介绍丙烯醛水合加氢法生产 1,3-丙二醇的工艺 ,并对丙烯醛水合反应、3-羟基丙醛加氢反应、4-氧代 -1,7-庚二醇水解反应、1,3-丙二醇提纯方法以及反应催化剂和反应条件进行了探讨     

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation over nickel-, ruthenium-, and copper-based catalysts: Review of kinetics and mechanism

This study critically reviews the mechanism of CO₂ hydrogenation over Ni, Ru, and Cu, and the effect of catalyst properties and operating conditions on reaction kinetics. Most studies have reported the presence of CO and formate species on Ni-, Ru-, and Cu-based catalysts, where subsequent conversion of these species depends on the type of catalyst and the physicochemical properties of the catalyst support. Methane is the major product that forms during CO₂ hydrogenation over Ni and Ru catalysts, while methanol and CO are mainly produced on Cu catalysts. A different approach for catalyst formulations and/or process development is required where long chain hydrocarbons are desired.     

铜基材料电催化还原硝酸盐制氨研究进展

人类工农业活动导致环境中硝酸盐浓度升高,利用电催化技术将硝酸盐还原合成氨(NO₃RA)符合“双碳”政策,可达到去除硝酸盐污染和制备氨(NH₃)的双重目的。该文综述了铜(Cu)基材料电催化硝酸盐还原的反应机理,从反应机理角度分析了不同Cu基催化材料优势性能的起源。围绕Cu单原子、单金属Cu、Cu基合金、Cu基氧化物和Cu基金属有机框架材料的大量研究实例,对不同Cu基催化材料催化NO₃RA反应的性能进行归纳总结。通过对Cu基材料催化NO₃RA反应影响因素的分析,针对目前存在的问题展开探讨,以期为未来Cu基催化剂电催化NO₃RA反应的开发与实际应用提供参考。     

草酸二甲酯加氢制乙二醇铜基催化剂失活原因分析

合成气经草酸二甲酯加氢制乙二醇工艺是非石油路线合成大宗化学品的新兴路线。在我国贫油、少气和煤炭相对丰富的能源结构条件下,该工艺路线的研究具有重要的现实意义和战略意义。对草酸二甲酯加氢制备乙二醇铜基催化剂的失活原因进行分析,重点讨论催化剂烧结、积炭、中毒、溶剂、反应气氛和物理磨损对催化剂稳定性的影响。通过添加助催化剂以稳定催化剂中Cu价态分布,有效抑制Cu晶粒团聚长大速率。加强反应过程的基础研究,即草酸二甲酯存在的解离方式、反应气氛和溶剂的影响、高聚物的形成机制以及如何抑制高聚物等方面尚待进一步研究。注重催化剂的工程化开发,加强成型方式、扩散过程和反应体系杂质的影响研究。     

在铜基催化剂上富丁二烯Ｃ４馏份选择加氢除炔

研究了催化剂活性组份和工艺条件对铜基富丁二烯Ｃ_４馏份选择加氢除炔催化剂性能的影响,考察了该催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,该催化剂能将Ｃ_４馏份中的乙烯基乙炔降至１ｐｐｍ以下,同时,1,3-丁二烯的损失低于0.5%,其稳定性近500 ｈ。     

Effect of Pr on copper-based catalysts for ethane oxychlorination

A series of Pr-doped CuCl₂–KCl/MgO-γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts (Cu 5 wt.%, MgO 10 wt.% and Cu/K = 1:2 molar ratio) has been prepared for the oxychlorination of C₂H₆ to C₂H₃Cl and characterized by XRD, H₂-TPR, ICP, TEM and XPS techniques. The modifier Pr improves the surface and catalytic properties of Cu species in the catalysts for oxychlorination. It is found that the addition of Pr species can improve the electronic transfer from Pr to Cu species and promotes the formation of the reduced and active Cu species. In addition, the dopant promotes the dispersion of amorphous CuCl₂ species. The best catalyst is CuKPr-5 with Pr (5 wt.%), which catalyzes the oxychlorination of C₂H₆ to C₂H₃Cl with highest conversion (97.5%) and the best selectivity (52%).     

草酸二甲酯气相加氢反应中铜基催化剂改性方法研究进展

介绍近年来草酸二甲酯气相加氢反应中铜基催化剂改性方法,总结通过制备方法、催化剂载体和助剂等改性对催化反应性能的影响。重点概述不同改性方法下制备的催化剂对反应物转化率和产物选择性的影响,并解释采用不同改性方法时催化剂催化活性变化的原因。     

磁纳米贵金属催化剂的制备及加氢性能

以有机分子聚乙烯亚胺为交联剂,四氧化三铁为载体,制备了贵金属催化剂用于催化硝基苯化合物加氢反应,采用FT - IR、XRD和TEM对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,制取的磁纳米贵金属催化剂催化对氯硝基苯加氢反应转化率高,稳定性较好,较容易回收.     

Purity-controllable growth of bamboo-like multi-walled carbon nanotubes over copper-based catalysts

The growth of bamboo-like multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) without the formation of amorphous carbons was performed using copper-based catalysts by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with diluted ethylene at 700–900 °C. The as-grown CNT soot was characterised by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The weak metal–support interaction of a sulphate-assisted copper catalyst (CuSO₄/SiO₂) can provide high-purity growth with remarkable yields of CNTs (2.24–6.10 CNT/g Cu·h) at 850–900 °C. Additionally, hydrogen-assisted CVD can activate inert copper catalysts, e.g., Cu(NO₃)₂/SiO₂ or Cu(CH₃COO)_2/SiO₂, for the growth of CNTs.     

含水滑石铜锌铝催化剂上CO_2加氢制甲醇研究

采用沉淀法制备了不同锌铝水滑石含量的铜锌铝催化剂(HCZA)。剖析了锌铝载体以及催化剂的结构;考察了催化剂在CO2加氢制甲醇反应中的催化性能以及优选催化剂的催化稳定性。结果表明:制得的锌铝载体具有锌铝水滑石结构,HCZA中含有锌铝水滑石相;在CO2加氢制甲醇反应中,HCZA较传统甲醇合成催化剂CZA的性能高,当反应原料气组成为V(CO2)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=23∶69∶8,空速为3 600 h-1,反应温度为240℃,压力为5 MPa时,在优选催化剂HCZA3上,CO2转化率和甲醇选择性较在CZA上分别提高65.3%和7.4%,粗醇中的乙醇质量分数较在CZA上低58.9%;在1 000 h连续考察中,催化剂性能稳定。同时,提出了HCZA上CO2加氢制甲醇可能的催化反应机理。     

载体酸性对Pt/USY菲加氢制烷基金刚烷的影响

以Pt为活性组分、经不同浓度草酸铝处理的USY分子筛为载体,制备了Pt/USY催化剂,并用于菲一步加氢饱和反应和加氢异构反应体系。由于金属活性位点Pt上易发生加氢反应,USY载体酸性位点上易发生异构反应和裂解反应,实验分别考察了Pt颗粒、载体的酸强度和酸量对菲转化率和产物分布的影响。结果表明,活性金属Pt颗粒尺寸及分散度直接影响菲加氢饱和产物分布;草酸处理后制备的催化剂Pt/0.05-USY、Pt/0.1-USY较未经酸处理的Pt/USY更利于菲加氢反应。全氢蒽是菲向目标产物烷基金刚烷转化的关键中间产物,异构产物烷基金刚烷生成需在USY分子筛Br?nsted酸位点完成;随着催化剂载体酸量和酸强度的降低,裂解反应程度迅速减弱;菲加氢反应最终产物以加氢饱和反应产物为主;使用Pt/0.1-USY催化剂异构反应产物烷基金刚烷收率为2.3%。     

Transesterification of diethyl malonate with n-butanol over HPWA/MCM-41 molecular sieves

Mesoporous Si-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al = 100) materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Three different ratios (10, 20 and 30 wt%) of heteropoly tungstic acid (HPWA) was loaded on Si-MCM-41 by wet impregnation techniques. The characteristic structural features of the prepared materials were studied by various physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen physisorption (BET), temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transesterification of diethyl malonate (DEM) with n-butanol under autogeneous conditions in a temperature range from 50 to 125 °C was selected as the test reaction for the as synthesized materials. The reactants were fed with various mole ratios in order to determine the optimal feed composition leading to maximum yields of transesterified products. The results indicated that the conversion of diethylmalonate depends on the HPWA concentration on the support, temperature, reaction time and mole ratio of the reactants. Further, the catalytic efficiency of HPWA/MCM-41 was compared with that of Al-MCM-41. The solid acid HPWA/MCM-41 catalysts have several advantages in comparison to conventional mineral acid catalysts which are heterogeneous, eco-friendly, highly active and selective in the formation of transesters.     

Electronic and geometric effects of alkali promoters in CO hydrogenation over K/Mo2C catalysts

When potassium salts such as K₂CO₃, KOH, CH₃COOK, and K₂S were added to Mo₂C, the promoted catalysts showed high selectivities to alcohols and light olefins in CO hydrogenation at 573 K and 1.0 MPa. However, K₂SO₄ and KCl caused only slight increase in olefin selectivity with negligible alcohol formation. These two groups of promoters showed different physical and chemical states during the reaction as observed by AES, EDS, EPMA, IR and transient reaction behavior. This difference accounted for the observed difference in selectivity.