甲磺隆对水稻不同品种抑制作用的研究

研究了甲磺隆对水稻不同品种的抑制作用，结果表明：⑴甲磺隆对水稻不同品种抑制作用存在较大差异，表现为对早稻的抑制作用大于晚稻，对常规稻抑制作用大于杂交稻。⑵甲磺隆对水稻根长、株高的抑制作用十分类似，甲磺隆的浓度对数与水稻根长、株高的抑制率均呈不对称的S曲线关系。     

1—苯基—5—巯基四氮唑和苯并三氮唑在胶态银和硫化银上的阳极抑制效应

为了研究抑制剂对银核和硫化银核的不同作用，本工作考察了1－苯基－5－巯基四氮唑（PMT）和苯并三氮唑（BTA)作为抑制剂在银核和硫化银核上物理显影的阳极抑制和解抑制效应。实验结果表明：1）PMT和BTA对Ag核和银离子过量时制得的硫化银核，Ag2S(Ag)，的显影催化活性都有不同程度的抑制作用，而对硫离子过量时制得的硫化银核，Ag2S(S)，无明显的抑制作用，这可能是由于过量硫离子在硫化银核上的吸附要强于这两种抑制剂；2）S2O3^2-或I^-离子的存在对BTA在Ag核上有解抑制作用，不仅可恢复甚至提高Ag核的显影催化活性，而对Ag2S核的抑制作用无明显影响；3）与BTA不同，S2O3^2-或I^-离子对PMT在Ag核上没有解抑制作用，对Ag2S(Ag)核的抑制作用还稍有增强，而对Ag2S(S)核稍有减弱；4）银溶胶中的表面增强拉曼谱（SERS）测量证实：BTA在Ag核上的吸附导致Ag核显影催化活性的下降，加入S2O3^2-或I^-离子后致使BTA的SERS信号消失则意味着BTA在银核表面的脱附。以上这些结果说明阳极抑制机理在抑制效应中有重要作用。     

橘红药物化学成分对DNA氧化损伤抑制作用研究

采用不同极性溶剂依次对橘红粉末进行提取，得到六种相应提取物，将它们分别采用柱层析初步分离，共得到十八种洗脱物，比较它们在同浓度下对DNA氧化损伤的抑制作用，确定效果较好的洗脱物后，采用制备薄层层析法进一步分离得到单体，比较它们对DNA氧化损伤的抑制作用，并鉴定效果较好的化合物的结构。实验结果表明甲醇提取物经柱层析所分的三个洗脱物抑制DNA氧化损伤作用相对较强；这三个洗脱物经制备薄层层析法进一步分离共得到八个单体，其中对DNA氧化损伤抑制作用较强的两个化合物为黄酮类，鉴定为橙皮苷和新橙皮苷。     

谷胱甘肽和壳聚糖美白活性的研究

通过测定壳聚糖、壳低聚糖、谷胱甘肽对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率，对它们的美白功效进行了测定，并与熊果苷进行了比较。结果表明，壳聚糖、壳低聚糖、谷胱甘肽对酪氨酸酶活性有明显的抑制作用，其中谷胱甘肽的抑制作用最为明显，在较低的浓度下就具有很高的抑制效果；把壳聚糖和谷胱甘肽与熊果苷复配，可使抑制率达到90％以上。     

福美双与啶菌恶唑复配对灰葡萄孢活性的协同抑制作用

为了明确福美双与啶菌恶唑复配对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的协同抑制作用，首先采用菌丝生长速率法对保定与承德不同地区的灰霉菌株进行复配试验，筛选出福美双与啶菌恶唑的最佳增效组合5：1。同时测定了福美双与啶菌恶唑的最佳增效组合5：1对孢子和菌核的抑制活性以及对菌丝内容物含量的影响。结果显示，其5：1组合与对照、单剂进行比较，其5：1组合对孢子萌发、菌核的产生和萌发和可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量具有显著抑制作用。利用离体叶片法对灰葡萄孢活性进行检测，5：1组合处理在病斑直径、发病率、产孢量和孢子萌发率方面较对照、单剂差异显著，其抑制作用最大。综上所述，福美双与啶菌恶唑复配对灰葡萄孢活性具有协同增效抑制作用。     

黄腐酸钠注射液和复方黄腐酸钠注射液抗炎作用的对比研究

本文介绍了单方及复方黄腐酸钠注射液对小白鼠、大白鼠的急性炎症、慢性炎症、 炎症的对比实验。复方黄腐酸钠注射液对大小白鼠急性炎症的抑制作用明显高于单方黄腐酸钠注射液，经统计学处理，差异显著，复方黄腐物注射液对小白鼠慢性炎症及对大白鼠免疫性炎症的抑制作用略高于单方黄腐酸钠注射液。经统计学处理，差异不显著。     

纤维素酶处理对织物染色及物理机械性能影响的研究

本论文主要对纤维素酶和染料之间的相互作用、酶处理对织物染色和织物性能的影响进行了研究。纤维素酶处理的底物主要是全棉纱卡，对芒麻也做了部分研究。对艺麻还研究了酶处理对柔软剂处理的影响。酶处理安排在染色前、后进行或同浴进行，都对染色效果有明显的影响。在染色后进行酶处理，织物上的染料对酶处理都有抑制作用2在染色前进行，染色织物获得的表面深度降低，但获得了手感柔软，表面光洁的处理效果。不仅织物上的化学品（如染料、表面活性剂）对酶有抑制作用，溶液中的化学品对酶也有抑制作用。经纤维素酶处理的织物，必然引起失…     

表面活性剂对土壤石油污染物微生物降解的影响

选用了四种表面活性剂对辽河油田石油污染土壤微生物降解的影响进行了研究。研究表明，表面活性剂在浓度低于50mg/L时，促进作用和抑制作用都不明显；而当浓度高于100mg/L时，即高浓度时，对微生物除油有显著抑制作用。当添加H2O2和不同氮源时，发现与上述结果相类似。     

不同杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病原菌室内抑菌作用

采用孢子萌发法测定了戊唑醇、三唑酮、多菌灵和福美双4种杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用和毒力。结果表明，戊唑醇对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子的萌发抑制作用最强，EC50为0．0369mg／L，表现出非常高的毒力．显著高于其他3种药剂．是防治该病害非常优秀的杀菌剂。     

香草醛缩2，4-二硝基苯腙的合成和抑菌性研究

利用香草醛和2,4-二硝基苯肼的缩合反应合成香草醛缩2，4-二硝基苯腙，利用红外、紫外光谱和元素分析进行了结构表征。采用琼脂扩散法，以金黄色葡萄球菌、短小芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌为生物指标，研究了香草醛缩2，4-二硝基苯腙对4种菌种的抑制作用，结果表明，在一定的浓度范围内，目标产物对所受试菌种具有一定的抑制作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。