考虑收缩徐变影响的两跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能预测方法

为量化混凝土翼板收缩徐变对多跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能的影响,提出相应的预测方法,基于现有两跨连续组合梁长期试验结果对典型的组合梁设计方法进行适用性评述; 在此基础上,基于龄期调整的有效模量法并考虑混凝土的收缩徐变、开裂及组合梁界面相对滑移的综合影响,提出两跨连续组合梁长期中支座弯矩与跨中挠度的计算公式,并采用长期试验结果验证预测方法的可靠性; 进一步对比不同混凝土翼板类型(收缩徐变分布模型)对组合梁长期性能的影响。结果表明:采用龄期调整的有效模量法模拟混凝土徐变特征,考虑收缩产生的附加弯矩,采用折减刚度考虑混凝土开裂与界面滑移的影响,提出的两跨连续组合梁长期性能计算公式,可有效预测组合梁长期中支座弯矩分布与跨中挠度,计算结果与试验结果最大相差25.3%; 混凝土的收缩变形对组合梁长期性能影响显著,当不考虑混凝土收缩变形时,组合梁中支座弯矩与跨中挠度仅分别为试验值的41.1%和60.6%; 组合梁长期性能设计时,应根据楼板类型采用不同的收缩徐变模型,针对钢筋混凝土楼板采用均匀收缩、均匀徐变模型,针对组合楼板采用非均匀收缩、非均匀徐变模型。     

Closed-form expressions for long-term deflections in high-rise composite frames

This paper presents closed-form expressions for rapid prediction of long-term deflections in high-rise steel concrete composite frames subjected to service load. The closed-form expressions predict the inelastic mid-span deflections in beams of frames (typically for 20 years, considering cracking, and time effects, i.e., creep and shrinkage in concrete) from the elastic moments and elastic mid-span deflections (neglecting cracking, and time effects). The expressions also take into account the sagging moments developed in beams due to the substantial differential shortening of adjacent columns in high-rise frames. The expressions can be used for frames with any number of bays and storeys. The expressions have been obtained from trained neural networks. The training, validating, and testing data sets for the neural networks are generated using a hybrid analytical-numerical procedure of analysis. The proposed expressions are verified for example frames of different number of spans and storeys and the errors are shown to be small. The expressions can be used in every day design as they enable a rapid prediction of inelastic deflections with reasonable accuracy for practical purposes without detailed complex analysis and require computational effort that is a fraction of that required for the available methods.     

Shrinkage stress analysis of concrete slab in multistorey building considering variation of restraint and stress relaxation due to creep

The purpose of this paper is to propose a practical shrinkage stress analysis method of concrete slab in a multistorey building considering creep relaxation and construction sequence for the quantitative evaluation of shrinkage effect. Shrinkage strains are converted into initial strain loads or equivalent temperature loads. Axial stresses due to shrinkage are calculated using elastic analysis, which is the summation of step‐by‐step analysis results according to the construction sequence. Stress relaxation of creep is considered by multiplying the relaxation coefficient to the calculated elastic shrinkage stresses. An example of 10‐storey building is presented to explain the analysis procedure and applicability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

板肋形式对预制带肋底板混凝土叠合板受弯性能的影响研究

为研究板肋形式对预制带肋底板混凝土叠合板受弯性能的影响,设计并制作2种不同板肋构造形式的预制带肋底板,即矩形肋底板与T形肋底板。对1块矩形肋底板叠合板、1块T形肋底板叠合板以及1块整浇板进行受弯性能静载对比试验,得到了其破坏形态、 荷载-跨中预应力筋应变曲线、荷载 跨中板顶面混凝土压应变曲线以及荷载 跨中挠度曲线,分析其破坏机理、变形特征以及裂缝分布规律。研究结果表明,3种不同板肋构造形式的试件在静力荷载作用下表现出相同的受力性能,增设板肋的叠合板能达到与整浇板相同的受弯能力。提出了预制带肋底板混凝土叠合板的开裂弯矩和极限弯矩计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合板施工阶段短期刚度研究

预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合板是近几年出现的一种新型叠合板,叠合板在施工阶段的受力性能非常重要。设计了4个预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合板试件,并对其进行受弯载荷试验。给出了4个试件的荷载-跨中挠度曲线。同时考虑钢管对混凝土的约束,按照等效截面刚度法推导出了施工阶段的短期刚度计算公式,计算了简支板的跨中挠度。在构件抗弯刚度未发生严重退化时,跨中挠度的计算结果与试验结果较为吻合。     

Long-term deflection of cracked composite beams with nonlinear partial shear interaction: I — Finite element modeling

In this paper, a uniaxial nonlinear finite element procedure for modeling the long-term behavior of composite beams at the serviceability limit state is presented. The finite element procedure follows a displacement-based approach. The nonlinear load-slip relationship of shear connectors as well as the creep, shrinkage, and cracking of concrete slab are accounted for in the proposed finite element procedure. The effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab are considered only for uncracked concrete. The nonlinear iterative procedure adopted for tracking the nonlinear behavior of the composite beam implemented the total nodal deformations, not the incremental deformations, as the independent variables of any iteration. The results of the proposed finite element procedure were compared with the experimental results of four composite beams reported in the literature. The proposed finite element procedure was capable of predicting the deflections and stresses of the four beams with an acceptable degree of accuracy. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of the nonlinearity of load-slip relationship of shear connectors and the cracking of the concrete deck on the long-term behavior of simply-supported composite beams.     

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区受力性能试验研究

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁由混凝土板和矩形钢管混凝土桁架组成,在竖向荷载作用下,其正弯矩区可充分发挥混凝土板和桁架的组合作用,但负弯矩区的力学性能较为薄弱且受拉混凝土板容易开裂。针对这一问题,提出了在负弯矩区混凝土板施加预应力以及布置局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉相结合的组合桁梁结构形式。采用跨中施加反向集中荷载模拟连续梁支点反力的方法,对2榀承受负弯矩的矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁进行了静力加载试验,对其荷载-位移关系、裂缝发展规律、混凝土板应变分布、桁梁荷载-应变关系、钢与混凝土界面滑移及承载力进行了分析。还根据组合桁梁的简化力学模型对不同加载阶段的结构特征荷载进行了讨论。结果表明：采用局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉和混凝土板施加预应力的组合桁梁结构形式可有效提高其抗裂性能,但对受弯承载力影响较小;在加载过程中混凝土板的开裂和杆件的屈服导致结构塑性变形增大,最终节点处焊缝撕裂,组合桁梁丧失承载力;由简化力学模型计算得到的结构特征内力与实测值吻合较好,可为矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区的设计和计算提供参考。     

Effect of creep and shrinkage in reinforced concrete frame–shear wall system with high beam stiffness

The behaviour of frames and frame–shear wall systems with regard to creep and shrinkage with high beam stiffness has been largely unexplored until recently since no procedure has been available. For low beam stiffness the most widely used procedure available in literature for determining creep and shrinkage effects in reinforced concrete building frames and frame–shear wall systems designated herein as approximate procedure, AP has been recommended for buildings having flexible slab systems and with a limited number of storeys. Recently an accurate procedure termed Consistent Procedure (CP) has been developed which is applicable to low as well as high beam stiffness and requires no restriction on number of storeys. In this paper, using CP, studies are reported for frame–shear wall systems with high beam stiffness. The effect of introduction of shear walls on load transfer among vertical members considering creep and shrinkage is studied. It is shown that the presence of shear wall alters significantly the load transfer among vertical members. It is also shown that whereas differential vertical deflections between adjacent vertical members are small owing to high stiffness of beams, the load transfer between them can be significant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再生混凝土梁长期受荷时随变形计算方法研究

由于再生混凝土收缩徐变效应大,导致长期荷载作用下,再生混凝土梁附加变形较大。文中以不同再生粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土梁长期受荷变形性能的试验研究为依据,研究其长期变形计算方法。通过考虑龄期的有效弹性模量法,将再生混凝土徐变系数引入梁截面附加曲率的计算,基于虚功原理给出长期荷载作用的时随变形计算公式|考虑再生粗骨料的二相性,通过普通混凝土的徐变收缩计算式,给出考虑附着水泥砂浆影响的再生混凝土徐变收缩调整系数|将其计算结果代入三种典型普通混凝土徐变收缩模型,得到再生混凝土徐变收缩模型,并通过时随变形计算公式计算再生混凝土梁长期荷载下的跨中变形值、跨中和加载点的附加变形值,与试验结果吻合较好。     

Evaluation of creep and shrinkage effects in composite tall buildings

In a composite tall building, adjacent vertical members undergo differential time‐dependent deformations due to creep and shrinkage. Highly elaborate, complex and requiring large computational effort procedure, utilizing stress transfer method, age‐adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM) is available to evaluate creep and shrinkage effects in a composite building. Recently, a simple procedure and requiring lesser computational effort, utilizing AEMM has been presented for concrete and composite buildings. Studies comparing deflections and axial forces in reinforced concrete frames with those obtained from the procedure available in literature (using stress transfer method, RCM) have been reported. In this paper, suitability of the above procedures for evaluation of creep and shrinkage effects in composite buildings has been demonstrated. Studies are reported for typical creep shrinkage parameters. It is shown that the error to determine axial forces from AP(AEMM) is small for composite frame–shear wall systems with very low beam stiffness (I_b = I_c/100). Use of CP(AEMM) is warranted for the frame–shear wall systems even with low beam stiffness (I_b = I_c/20). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板弯曲疲劳性能试验研究

为研究T形肋对混凝土叠合板弯曲疲劳性能的影响,进行了预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板和整浇板的弯曲疲劳性能对比试验。通过对比试验得到了不同疲劳循环加载次数下的跨中挠度、混凝土应变、预应力筋应变、残余变形等,研究了试件在疲劳循环荷载下的刚度退化情况、荷载 应变分布、裂缝分布及残余承载力等。结果表明：经历200万次疲劳作用后,预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板无明显刚度和承载力退化,增设T形肋的叠合板能达到与整浇板相同的疲劳性能。基于试验结果,给出了预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板正截面弯曲疲劳强度计算假定以及正截面弯曲疲劳应力验算方法。     

超长预应力混凝土结构分段流水施工探讨

超长预应力混凝土结构中,混凝土收缩、温度、徐变以及预应力引起的结构轴向压缩等参数成为控制结构设计与施工方法的重要因素,混凝土的早期性能导致结构内力分析的复杂性,施工阶段与使用阶段的结构受力体系存在着差异和转换,施工方法和后浇带的设置将影响结构的分析模型和结构的经济性等。本文探讨了超长预应力混凝土结构的“逐层浇筑、逐层张拉”和分段流水等施工方法问题。     

以混凝土叠合板为翼缘的连续钢-混凝土组合梁

本文在对由混凝土叠合板为冀缘的连续钢-混凝土组合梁试验研究的基础上,提出了支座截面和跨中截面极限抗弯强度的计算方法,并对这种连续梁的使用极限状态进行了讨论,得到了满足使用阶段要求的支座弯矩调幅系数最大值。     

Parkhaussysteme in Stahlverbundbauweise

Multi‐storey car parks in steel composite construction. Due to technical and economic reasons steel composite structures are a standard construction for open multi‐storey car parks without fire protection. Characteristics of typical structures and slab systems are pointed out. Regular measures to ensure durability of both steel and concrete members are shown.     

高层钢管混凝土结构施工全过程数值模拟

基于CEB-FIP MC90的混凝土时变模型,建立了按主从节点约束考虑钢管与混凝土共同工作的钢管混凝土时变分析模型,提出了高层钢管混凝土结构施工全过程的数值模拟方法.对某高层钢管混凝土结构进行了数值计算,计算中考虑了混凝土的收缩徐变效应和施工工序影响,与施工过程的监测结果做了对比分析.研究表明,施工过程和收缩徐变对高层钢管混凝土结构影响很大,实际结构在设计和施工中必须予以考虑.     

Development of interlocking mechanism for shear transfer in composite floor

Semi-pre-cast floor slab (called half slab in Malaysia) has been used widely in different parts of the world. It consists of a reinforced concrete pre-cast layer that acts initially as a formwork connected in situ with another concrete layer using shear connectors. Steel reinforcement (shear link, studs and/or steel truss) is commonly used to transfer the horizontal shear between the two composite layers. Longitudinal shear failure is the most common type of failure in the composite floor slab. This paper proposes a new system to transfer the horizontal shear between the interfaces of the pre-cast and cast in situ layers of concrete slab. The proposed system implements an interlocking concept and does not require any shear reinforcement. The composite floor slab used to illustrate the interlocking concept consists of a pre-cast inverted ferrocement layer interconnected with the cast in situ brick–mortar layer. The effectiveness of the interlocking mechanism in transferring the stresses developed due to the applied load is investigated. Eleven composite slab specimens having different shear connectors between the two layers were cast and tested under pure shear loading (push-off test). In the tested specimens, different interlocking mechanisms, continuous truss shear connectors and no connectivity between the two layers were used to connect the layers of slabs. The results indicate that the interlocking mechanism proposed is, as effective as, the steel trusses in resisting shear stresses and can be used to replace the steel trusses, which in turn will reduce the cost of the composite slab.     

Experimental study on bending behavior of full-scale glulam-lightweight concrete composite beam

试验中设计了3根足尺的胶合木-轻骨料混凝土组合梁,对其进行了四点弯曲作用下的受力性能试验,主要研究参数为胶合木与轻骨料混凝土间的剪力连接件数量,即剪力连接程度;作为对比,同时进行了1根足尺的胶合木梁的四点弯曲试验。分析了胶合木和混凝土板两者界面的滑移曲线、梁的跨中荷载-挠度曲线等。结果表明：剪力连接件数量越多,其剪力连接程度越高,抗弯刚度越大;随着剪力连接程度的提高,胶合木-轻骨料混凝土的组合效应增加。     

压型钢板-混凝土双向组合板实用计算方法

根据压型钢板-混凝土组合板的受力特点,讨论单、双向组合板的判断标准;提出双向组合板实用计算中考虑泊松比影响的跨中弯矩修正方法;对双向组合板荷载传递与各向同性的普通混凝土楼板的区别进行比较,提出方便实用的荷载传递计算方法。     

旧空心板简支梁桥的连续化改造加固研究

为提高既有旧空心板简支梁桥的承载能力和安全储备,将先简支后连续施工方法中的体系转换思想运用到旧空心板简支梁桥的加固改造上,提出了一种旧桥改造提载加固方案——简支连续化改造,并对此加固技术的实施方法进行了介绍;对简支连续化改造后的荷载效应以及连续化后新、旧混凝土收缩徐变效应进行了分析计算。结果表明:最不利工况下跨中最大弯矩下降了13.8%,边跨外侧支点最大剪力降低7.6%,中跨挠度最大减小42%;后浇墩顶连续段混凝土由新、旧混凝土龄期差引起的收缩徐变弯矩为正弯矩,对跨中截面受力不利,次边跨跨中弯矩最大增幅为3.9%;墩顶负弯矩有所下降,边跨墩顶负弯矩最大降幅为4.3%,影响均不显著     

页岩陶粒轻质混凝土双向叠合楼板

根据3块足尺页岩陶粒轻质混凝土双向叠合楼板试件和1块足尺现浇双向楼板对比试件的静力堆载试验结果,分析了双向叠合楼板预制底板的普通混凝土和后浇叠合层的页岩陶粒轻质混凝土采用相同强度等级时的挠度变形特点,并根据试验结果和弹性力学薄板理论推导了页岩陶粒轻质混凝土双向叠合楼板的挠度计算公式。推导了四边固支页岩陶粒混凝土和普通混凝土叠合板在竖向均布荷载作用下截面中和轴高度、抗弯刚度和挠度的计算表达式,并分别对挠度和初始刚度计算公式进行了修正,提出了考虑四边支承转动的页岩陶粒轻质混凝土双向叠合楼板挠度计算公式。结果表明:页岩陶粒轻质混凝土双向叠合楼板跨中位移呈现线弹性变化特征,页岩陶粒轻质混凝土材料的弹性模量、叠合楼板中设置的钢筋桁架以及双向叠合板的板端约束条件是影响叠合楼板刚度和跨中挠度的主要因素;采用所推导公式计算的页岩陶粒混凝土叠合楼板的挠度值与试验值吻合良好。