Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的室温铁磁性研究

采用柠檬酸盐法合成了一系列Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)纳米粒子,XRD结果表明Zn1-xCuxO样品为单一的ZnO纤锌矿结构.磁性测试结果表明Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)在室温下表现为铁磁性.XRD,TEM与XPS的测试结果表明,样品中没有具有铁磁性的第二相出现.经分析Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)的铁磁性是Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的本质特征.     

Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延及其室温铁磁性

研究了Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延、结构、光学和磁学性质.利用分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上外延得到Co掺杂的Zn1-xCoxO(0≤x≤0.12)单晶薄膜.光透射谱和原位的X光电子能谱显示Co离子代替了ZnO晶格中部分Zn的位置.Zn1-xCoxO单晶薄膜具有内禀的铁磁性,并且居里温度高于室温.样品的铁磁性随着Co掺杂量x(x≤0.12)的增加而单调增大.     

Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延及其室温铁磁性

研究了Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延、结构、光学和磁学性质.利用分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上外延得到Co掺杂的Zn1-xCoxO(0≤x≤0.12)单晶薄膜.光透射谱和原位的X光电子能谱显示Co离子代替了ZnO晶格中部分Zn的位置.Zn1-xCoxO单晶薄膜具有内禀的铁磁性,并且居里温度高于室温.样品的铁磁性随着Co掺杂量x(x≤0.12)的增加而单调增大.     

掺杂浓度对Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法制备出3种掺杂浓度的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒。使用EDX(en-ergy dispersive X-ray)能谱,测得3种ZnO纳米棒中Co元素的掺杂浓度分别为0.4、1.4和2.4%。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,三个样品均为ZnO的六方铅锌矿结构,并沿着c轴取向择优生长。磁化曲线显示,掺杂浓度为0.4%的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒为顺磁性,随着掺杂浓度的增大,Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒转变为铁磁性。扩展X射线吸收精细结构谱表明,Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性源于ZnO纳米棒中的Co金属团簇。     

锰掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体的制备及铁磁性能

用溶胶-凝胶法,在超声波辅助条件下制备了Mn掺杂ZnO(Zn1-xMnxO,x≤0.05)稀磁半导体(DMS)纳米晶粉末样品.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、超导量子干涉(SQUID)测磁仪分别对样品形貌、结构和磁性能进行了表征.较低的掺杂浓度下样品很好地保持ZnO的纤锌矿结构,随着掺杂浓度x的增加,样品的晶格常数近似线性增大,没有观察到杂质相.样品Zn0.98Mn0.02O显示了很好的铁磁性,居里温度在350 K以上.     

高温高压合成Co掺杂ZnO基DMS及其磁性特征

采用高温高压方法将由溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备的Co掺杂ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米颗粒置于6GPa压强和1000℃环境中处理,并研究其结构和磁学性质.XRD,XPS以及HRTEM等结构测量和分析表明,在掺杂浓度不高时,Co2+离子被较好地掺杂到了 ZnO晶格中,没有第二相或者团簇存在;而在中高浓度掺杂时,有CoO相形成.SQUID磁性测量显示,样品具有室温铁磁性.     

高温高压合成Co掺杂ZnO基DMS及其磁性特征

采用高温高压方法将由溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备的Co掺杂ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米颗粒置于6GPa压强和1000℃环境中处理,并研究其结构和磁学性质.XRD,XPS以及HRTEM等结构测量和分析表明,在掺杂浓度不高时,Co2 离子被较好地掺杂到了 ZnO晶格中,没有第二相或者团簇存在;而在中高浓度掺杂时,有CoO相形成.SQUID磁性测量显示,样品具有室温铁磁性.     

Al-N共掺杂ZnO:Mn稀磁半导体薄膜的结构与性能

采用反应磁控溅射法在室温下沉积前驱体氮化物,在大气环境、500℃下氧化退火30min后获得了Al-N共掺杂ZnO:Mn薄膜。研究了直流与射频反应磁控溅射对氧化退火薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明:两种工艺制备的退火薄膜均具有ZnO纤锌矿结构,且均为n型导电。射频溅射退火样品具有很好的c-轴择优取向,其表面光滑平整,表面粗糙度RMS值为1.2nm,且具有室温铁磁性,饱和磁化强度(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)分别为46.8A·m–1和4.9×103A·m–1;而直流溅射退火样品表面凹凸不平,RMS值为25.8nm,室温下是反铁磁性的。     

过渡金属掺杂ZnO形成稀磁半导体的研究进展

由于稀磁半导体(DMS)潜在的应用前景,近年来许多研究小组开始了对过渡金属(TM)掺杂ZnO形成稀磁半导体的研究。综述了TM掺杂ZnO的制备以及TM掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构和性能的影响,特别是对磁学性质的影响。     

Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜光学性质的研究

为了制备结晶质量好的Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜,研究其结构和光学性质,采用脉冲激光沉积方法,在Si衬底上选择不同的衬底温度来制备薄膜。实验成功制得了结晶质量较好的Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计对样品进行了测量和分析。所制备的样品均表现出高度的c轴择优取向,衬底温度为300℃时,薄膜表面形貌均匀致密;在样品的光致发光谱中,发现样品除了在380nm附近出现紫外发光峰外,在460nm附近出现了蓝光发光峰,真正意义上实现了ZnO薄膜的蓝光发射。结果表明,衬底温度对其晶体质量有较大影响。     

Room Temperature Ferromagnetismin Co-doped ZnO Bulks

Pure single phase of Zn0.95Co0.05O bulks were successfully prepared by solidstate reaction method.The effects of annealing atmosphere and temperature on the room temperature ferromagnetic behavior were investigated. The results show that the airannealed samples has similar weak ferromagnetic behavior with the assintered samples, but the obvious ferromagnetic behavior is observed for the samples annealed in vacuum or Ar/H2 gas, indicating that the strong ferromagnetism is associated with high oxygen vacancies density. High saturation magnetization Ms=0.73 μB/Co and eoercivity Hc=233.8Oe are obtained for the Ar/H2 annealed samples with pure single phase structure when annealing temperature is 600 ℃.     

Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Zn1-xCoxO prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal method combined

Cobalt-doped ZnO powder samples were prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal method combined. The prepared powder samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). XRD patterns show that all the samples have a single pure phase with wurtzite structure suggesting that Co²⁺ occupied Zn²⁺ sites in the ZnO crystal lattice. SEM images show that crystal grains of cobalt-doped ZnO are hexagonal cone or spheroidal. EPR pattern shows that all of the samples possess oxygen vacancy. Measurement of magnetism indicates that all the samples exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) embedded in a dominant diamagnetic or paramagnetic signal. The dominant signal turns from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with the increase of Co concentration. The magnetic behavior can attribute to defects and Co doping.     

Carbon‐Doped Boron Nitride Nanosheets with Ferromagnetism above Room Temperature

The possibility to induce magnetism in light‐element materials that contain only s and p electrons is of fundamental and practical importance. Here, weak high‐temperature ferromagnetism is observed in carbon‐doped boron nitride (B‐C‐N) nanosheets. The bulk‐quantities of B‐C‐N nanosheets that are free of metallic impurities are prepared through a multi‐step process. These B‐C‐N samples exhibit ferromagnetic hysteresis stable at room temperature and above, with saturation magnetization and coercivity comparable to the previously reported results of defective graphite samples. The ferromagnetic response disappears upon the removal of carbon dopants from the BN lattice, indicating that the observed magnetism originates from substitutional carbon‐doping rather than from extrinsic magnetic impurities. On the basis of first‐principle calculations it is shown that not only substitutional carbon doping in a honeycomb BN lattice favors spontaneous spin polarization and local moment formation, but also that the spin moments can exhibit long‐range magnetic ordering.     

Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末铁磁性研究

利用固态反应法制备了Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末并实现了铁磁性。研究了Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末的结构和磁学特性,X射线粉末衍射谱显示该样品为CuO单斜结构,不存在杂质相,证明Fe离子融入了CuO晶格,铁磁性起源于Fe离子与CuO晶格的相互作用。     

Robust Room Temperature Ferromagnetism In Cobalt Doped Graphene by Precision Control of Metal Ion Hybridization

Graphene-based magnetic materials exhibit novel properties and promising applications in the development of next-generation spintronic devices. Modern synthesis techniques have paved the way to design precisely the local environments of metal atoms anchored onto a nitrogen-doped graphene matrix. Herein, it is demonstrated that grafting cobalt (Co) into the graphene lattice induces robust and stable room-temperature ferromagnetism. These comprehensive experiments and first-principles calculations unambiguously identify that the mechanism for this unusual ferromagnetism is π-d orbital hybridization between Co d_xz and graphene p_z orbitals. Here, it is found that the magnetic interactions of Co–carbon ions are mediated by the spin-polarized graphene p_z orbitals, and room temperature ferromagnetism can be stabilized by electron doping. It is also found that the electronic structure near the Fermi level, which sets the nature of spin polarization of graphene p_z bands, strongly depends on the local environment of the Co moiety. This is the crucial, previously missing, ingredient that enables control of the magnetism. Overall, these observations unambiguously reveal that engineering the atomic structure of metal-embedded graphene lattices through careful d to p orbital interactions opens a new window of opportunities for developing graphene-based spintronics devices.     

Ferromagnetism in Co- and Mn-doped ZnO

Bulk single crystals of Sn-doped ZnO were implanted with Co or Mn at doses designed to produce transition metal concentrations of 3–5 at.% in the near-surface (2000 Å) region. The implantation was performed at 350 °C to promote dynamic annealing of ion-induced damage. Following annealing at 700 °C, temperature-dependent magnetization measurements showed ordering temperatures of 300 K for Co- and 250 K for Mn-implanted ZnO. Clear hysteresis loops were obtained at these temperatures. The coercive fields were 100 Oe for all measurement temperatures. X-ray diffraction showed no detectable second phases in the Mn-implanted material. One plausible origin for the ferromagnetism in this case is a carrier-induced mechanism. By sharp contrast, the Co-implanted material showed evidence for the presence of Co precipitates with hexagonal symmetry, which is the cause of the room temperature ferromagnetism. Our results are consistent with the stabilization of ferromagnetic states by electron doping in transition metal-doped ZnO predicted by Sato and Katayama–Yoshida [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (2001) L334]. This work shows the excellent promise of Mn-doped ZnO for potential room temperature spintronic applications.     

ZnO spintronics and nanowire devices

ZnO is a very promising material for spintronics applications, with many groups reporting room-temperature ferromagnetism in films doped with transition metals during growth or by ion implantation. In films doped with Mn during pulsed laser deposition (PLD), we find an inverse correlation between magnetization and electron density as controlled by Sn-doping. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the implanted single-phase films were both strong functions of the initial anneal temperature, suggesting that carrier concentration alone cannot account for the magnetic properties of ZnO:Mn and factors such as crystalline quality and residual defects play a role. Plausible mechanisms for ferromagnetism include the bound magnetic polaron model or exchange that is mediated by carriers in a spin-split impurity band derived from extended donor orbitals. The progress in ZnO nanowires is also reviewed. The large surface area of nanorods makes them attractive for gas and chemical sensing, and the ability to control their nucleation sites makes them candidates for microlasers or memory arrays. Single ZnO nanowire depletion-mode metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors exhibit good saturation behavior, threshold voltage of ∼−3 V, and a maximum transconductance of 0.3 mS/mm. Under ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the drain-source current increased by approximately a factor of 5 and the maximum transconductance was ∼5 mS/mm. The channel mobility is estimated to be ∼3 cm²/Vss, comparable to that for thin film ZnO enhancement mode metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), and the on/off ratio was ∼25 in the dark and ∼125 under UV illumination. The Pt Schottky diodes exhibit excellent ideality factors of 1.1 at 25°C, very low reverse currents, and a strong photoresponse, with only a minor component with long decay times thought to originate from surface states. In the temperature range from 25°C to 150°C, the resistivity of nanorods treated in H₂ at 400°C prior to measurement showed an activation energy of 0.089 eV and was insensitive to ambient used. By contrast, the conductivity of nanorods not treated in H₂ was sensitive to trace concentrations of gases in the measurement ambient even at room temperature, demonstrating their potential as gas sensors. Sensitive pH sensors using single ZnO nanowires have also been fabricated.