Development of COI classification algorithm for chemical terrorism

This study focused on a novel approach for classifying hazardous chemicals to be used for chemical terrorism. We developed a novel algorithm to classify nationally customized chemicals of interest (COI) out of 325 COI in USA. The proposed COI classification algorithm aims to identify a key set of factors that reflect nation-wide uniqueness: intentional use, objectives, toxicity, related laws (CWC, ITF-25, CAA, etc.) and responsive counter-actions to terrorism. Although the U.S. has managed 325 COI to prevent terrorism, there are some nations in which the management and control of all the hazardous chemicals are beyond their capability. Based upon the outcome of this study the Ministry of the Environment of Korea has made appropriate revisions on relevant law. As a result, the Korean government has officially added a new set of 13 chemical species to the list of existing hazardous chemicals. This work is worthwhile to contribute to protecting the people’s lives and property from possible chemical accidents including terror by chemicals.     

Safety management and risk assessment in chemical laboratories

The present paper highlights a new safety management program, MICE (Management, Information, Control and Emergency), which has been specifically adapted for the academic environment. The process starts with an exhaustive hazard inventory supported by a platform assembling specific hazards encountered in laboratories and their subsequent classification. A proof of concept is given by a series of implementations in the domain of chemistry targeting workplace health protection. The methodology is expressed through three examples to illustrate how the MICE program can be used to address safety concerns regarding chemicals, strong magnetic fields and nanoparticles in research laboratories. A comprehensive chemical management program is also depicted.     

化工园区Na-Tech风险定量评价方法

自然灾害引发的技术灾害（Na-Tech）对工业设施及生产设备带来了风险,加上化工园区聚集着大量危险化学品,这种耦合风险的扩大效应极易造成园区及周围区域的巨大经济损失和人员伤亡,因此化工园区Na-Tech事故逐渐受到广泛关注。本文通过对化工园区多灾种耦合风险影响因素进行辨识,分析耦合风险系统结构及作用机理,建立耦合风险系统结构模型与耦合风险演化模型,提出地震灾害引发的Na-Tech事故中设备泄漏概率模型;以某化工园区为例,应用耦合风险模型及设备泄漏概率模型,利用QRA软件对多灾种耦合下化工园区风险进行定量评价,对比传统工业灾害和地震灾害下个人风险和社会风险,得出地震灾害对化工园区风险影响,为化工园区多灾种耦合风险研究提供理论与方法支撑。     

连锁效应下化工装置定量风险分析初选方法

化工过程装置定量风险分析(QRA)首先面对装置初选的问题。基于2类危险源理论和装置连锁事故的主要诱因和过程机理分析,得出化工过程装置风险主要包括二方面:装置内危险物质的数量和危险特性,装置之间的事故连锁效应。提出与化工过程装置火灾、爆炸及毒物泄漏事故相对应的3类装置固有风险指标和2类装置事故连锁风险指标。基于2类风险指标分别建立装置专项事故风险综合评价矩阵,通过矩阵计算获得各装置专项事故综合风险的相对高低,并确立装置初选的最低条件,完成装置的初选,并通过实例应用演示了该方法。     

磷化工技术评价决策支持系统开发

根据决策支持系统理论,以微软SQL Server 2005数据库管理开发系统软件和J2EE技术为开发工具,构建了磷化工技术评价决策支持系统。描述了该系统构建的基本框架、流程、功能和运行步骤,并提供了电炉制黄磷工艺实例。该系统将为磷化工技术评价提供辅助决策和评判功能。     

TUTCHE—a program package for tutoring chemical engineers

The authors describe the structure o a package designed to assist chemical engineering tutors to monitor the progress of students when using a library of programs. The programs have controlled access and are designed to reinforce or extend lectures on specific engineering operations. Two specimen programs are described. The first, MEEVAP, is intended for instruction in the fundamentals of multiple effect evaporation. The second, MEESYS, is intended for instruction in the design of a complete system of evaporators, heat-exchangers and flash recovery units. The problems of organising students to give them an opportunity of experiencing the package are discussed.     

化工园区定量风险评价方法及相关理论研究综述

化工园区的发展顺应了工业生产大型化趋势,数量逐渐增多,已经成为了我国化学工业的主要发展模式,但是随之而来的安全风险问题也越来越突出。为了更好地进行化工园区风险评价,首先介绍了化工园区定量风险评价的定义、风险指标以及国内外发展现状,其次对影响风险评价的多米诺效应、风险可接受准则研究进行概述,最后提出目前化工园区风险评价的不足和展望。     

锅炉承压部件风险分析系统的开发

随着工业生产的发展,设备的检验周期也越来越长,因此工程风险分析与管理技术已提到重要地位。在研究锅炉承压部件的失效可能性和失效后果等级的基础上,利用面向对象的程序语言编制出一套可视化的风险分析系统软件。     

化学清洗施工中的风险识别评价及控制措施

对化学清洗施工作业中存在的内在、外在及不可抗拒风险进行了识别和评价,提出了相应的控制措施及解决方案,对化学清洗施工作业安全有序进行提供了保证.     

基于多源异构数据融合的化工安全风险动态量化评估方法

针对石化企业过程安全风险分析缺乏多源异构数据融合、难以解析风险动态时变机理的现状。首先基于改进的模糊Petri网建立风险动态传播模型,考虑初始事件失效、保护层失效和修正因子等参数,得到风险的实时变化概率;然后分析不同保护层失效对事故发生概率的影响,得到不同保护层的重要程度;最后,以正己烷缓冲罐溢流发生火灾爆炸事故为例进行动态风险计算,分析对比其在不同保护层失效下的事故发生概率变化,结果表明安全联锁系统对事故发生起关键作用,日常应加大对其检测力度,防止事故发生。     

Real-time risk monitoring system for chemical plants

This study was performed to develop a Real-Time Risk Monitoring System which helps to do fault detection using the information from plant information systems in a chemical process. In this study, to do fault detection, principal component analysis (PCA) methods of multivariate statistical analysis were used. The fundamental notions are a set of variable combinations, that is, detection of principal components which indicate the tendency of variables and operating data. Besides classical statistic process control, PCA can reduce the dimension of variables with monitoring process. Therefore, they are known as suitable methods to treat enormous data composed of many dimensions. The developed Real-Time Risk Monitoring System can analyze and manage the plant information on-line, diagnose causes of abnormality and so prevent major accidents. It’s useful for operators to treat numerous process faults efficiently.     

Study on risk assessment of chemical process based on an advanced layers of protection analysis method

This paper focuses on an advanced layers of protection analysis (LOPA) method to assess the risk of a chemical process. Based on the chemical accident statistics between 2001 and 2014 in China, an acceptable risk function was built for chemical processes to confirm the acceptable risk value for an accident scenario. The assessment index for an emergency system was developed to assess the protective function of emergency protection based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the probability of failure on demand (PFD) of emergency protection was obtained by fuzzy comprehensive assessment method and fuzzy set theory. The proposed method was applied to a methanol distillation installation. The result showed that the protections, including emergency protection, were sufficient because the probability of mitigation protection (1×10^?8) was less than the acceptable risk value (3.04×10^?7). The advanced LOPA method was proven to be able to improve the integrity and accuracy of traditional LOPA.     

模糊综合评价法在危险化学品道路运输风险评价中的应用

采用科学合理的评价方法来评估危险化学品道路运输的安全风险程度,对提高道路运输的安全管理水平具有十分重要的现实意义。引入了模糊综合评判的方法,结合事故树分析确定事故发生的可能性;并将数学计算模型与模糊综合评价方法相结合,从人员伤亡、财产损失、影响范围、环境影响、信誉损失5个方面量化事故后果严重度,建立一套完整的危险化学品道路运输的风险评价体系。并通过实例说明该方法的可行性。     

Mixing assessment by chemical probe

Quantification of micro-mixing is a fundamental issue in industrial chemical processes. Local mixing that is not “fast enough” compared with the reaction kinetics reduces the selectivity of the reaction. Micro-mixing can be characterized by chemical probe methods based on observation of a local chemical reaction that results from the competition between turbulent mixing at micro-scales and the reaction kinetics. However, real-world experimental conditions rarely comply with the grounding assumptions of this method. Starting from physical considerations, the present study aims to establish some guidelines for obtaining quantitative information from the chemical probe and for improving the accuracy of the method by an adaptive protocol. For the first aspect, an analytical approach is proposed to define the validity domain based on analysis of the turbulent time scales. For the second purpose, a novel experimental procedure is suggested that entails targeting the concentrations of the chemical species that can provide the optimal conditions for a relevant use of the chemical probe.