木质粉末高密度滑动轴承无胶温压成形结合机理研究

按照木质粉末高密度滑动轴承制备工艺(160℃,70 MPa,保温、保压30 min),对小于350μm的杨木粉末的三级抽提物纤维素-木质素-半纤维素复合体、纤维素-木质素复合体和纤维素实施无胶温压成形,分析温压前后各样粉的微观结构、物相、官能团、纤维素结晶度等的变化情况。结果表明,木质粉末中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素在无胶温压成形过程中均发生了化学反应,产生了化学链接。温压成形可改善各级抽提物的化学结构,提高其化学结合程度与纤维素结晶度,使其一体化、致密化、塑化程度与热稳定性明显提高。综合温压成形工艺成本与温压材料特性表征,以杨木粉末为基材制备生物质功能材料(如滑动轴承)宜采用一级抽提物或原粉。     

温压法制备铜铅轴承合金的研究

通过温压工艺制备了铜铅轴承合金材料 ,研究了温压成形温度和压力等因素对压坯致密化和烧结体性能的影响。结果表明 ,温压成形时可用经典的压制方程来描述粉末体的压形规律。温压温度的选择对压坯及烧结体的性能都有明显的影响 ,在合适的工艺条件下 ,温压法较冷压烧结法可制得更高密度和性能的铜铅轴承合金材料。     

杨木粉温压成形过程的数值模拟

为了探寻木质粉体温压成形致密化规律,基于杨木粉温压成形实验数据,借助有限元法分析成形压力对木质粉体压坯密度的影响,并通过理论计算与实验验证相结合的方法对成形压力与压坯密度的关系进行回归分析。结果表明:Shima模型特别适用于杨木粉常温成形过程的数值模拟,与实验结果十分吻合;在温压成形工艺条件下的模拟结果与实验结果存在明显偏差,但当成形压力不小于50 MPa时,通过理论计算、实验检测与分析修正获得的由理论方程与修正项组成的杨木粉温压成形的压力-密度模型与实验结果高度吻合。     

温压法制备铜铅轴承合金的研究

通过温压工艺制备了铜铅轴承合金材料，研究了温压成型温度和压力等因素对压坯致密化和烧结体性能的影响，结果表明，温压成形时可经典的压制议程来描述粉末体的压形规律，温压温度的选择对压坯及烧结体的性能都有明显的影响，在合适的工艺条件下，温压法较冷压烧结法可制得更高密度的铜铅轴承合金材料。     

粉末冶金产业化的重要技术方向

汽车用粉末冶金零部件、粉末注射成形、温压成形、喷射成形、自蔓延高温合成、热等静压、微波烧结、放电等离子烧结是粉末冶金产业化的重要技术方向。其中温压成形技术被认为是最为经济的一种新工艺。     

PBX粉末成形的数值模拟研究

运用有限元软件MSC.Marc,采用基于更新拉各朗日方法的热-机耦合分析法对高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)粉末温压成形过程进行了数值模拟.获得了粉末体几何形变、应力场及相对密度分布等相关数据,其大小和实验测得数据在同一个数量级.结果表明:随着成形压力的增加,PBX内应力,粉末位移以及相对密度都呈增大的趋势,粉末在压制过程中的流动性规律为其实际成形中工艺参数的改善和优化提供了理论依据.     

粉末短流程成形固结技术的研究及展望

针对粉末冶金行业最新发展的几种短流程成形固结新技术,结合华南理工大学近十多年来在粉末材料-工艺-装备-零件一体化方面开展的研究,重点阐述了粉末冶金温压成形、高速压制成形、喷射成形、多场作用下粉末成形与烧结一体化技术的研究进展及应用情况。指出在粉末冶金成形固结研究领域,合理拓展现有粉末冶金技术规范的空间,有望给传统粉末冶金成形固结技术注入新的活力。粉末冶金成形固结新技术的不断出现,必将促进先进制造业和高技术产业的快速发展,也必将给材料工程和制造业带来更加光明的前景。     

异型多孔钛片的成形影响因素探讨

研究了粉末粒度、粉末形貌、粉末松装比重、成形剂、模具表面粗糙度、压制制度等对模压成形异型多孔钛片成形过程的影响.结果表明,粉末的粒度、形态决定了异型多孔钛片所需成形压力的大小,粉末越细,成形压力越低,片状粉末含量越低,成形压力越低,压坯质量越好;适量的成形剂有利于降低成形压力,提高压坯质量,其中对粒径为150～250μm钛粉末的成形性能的改善最为有效.提高模具内表面光洁度,有利于提高压坯质量和均匀性;合理的压制制度是保证压坯成形质量和产品性能的必要条件.     

模壁润滑温压工艺的研究

对模壁润滑温压工艺进行了较为系统的研究,分析了温度、粉末中润滑剂添加量、模壁润滑剂种类及其浓度等对温压效果的影响.结果表明,粉末温度在100℃时温压效果最好;Fe-1.5Cu-0.5C粉末中添入0.2%内润滑剂时效果最好,而Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo-0.5Cu-0.5C粉末中最佳润滑剂含量为0.3%;模壁润滑剂A、B分别适合于较低和较高压制压力条件,2种模壁润滑剂均在浓度低时温压效果较好;在686MPa时,Fe-1.5Cu-0.5C和Fe-1.5Ni-0.5Mo0.5Cu 0.5C粉末分别获得了7.48、7.39g/cm3的压坯密度;模壁润滑温压工艺较适用于压缩性良好的粉末,对压缩性较差的粉末没有优势;模壁润滑工艺的脱模压力比内润滑工艺小35%～45%,可以减少模具损耗.     

水性改性淀粉胶在包装用麻秆中密度纤维板中胶合机理的研究

利用农业加工剩余物麻秆,使用水性改性淀粉胶,生产固化后无毒的麻秆中密度纤维板.经过热压工艺探索,寻找出最佳工艺条件.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对水性改性淀粉胶在麻秆纤维板中的胶合机理进行了分析.结果表明: FTIR图谱证明了水性改性淀粉胶中的异氰酸酯基和麻秆材料中的分子发生了反应;改性淀粉胶和麻秆粉末混合后,固化反应所需要的热量远远低于单独淀粉胶固化所需要的热量;化学反应机理表明,改性淀粉胶的力学强度和耐水性主要是由异氰酸酯基起一定的作用.     

Modification of α-lactose monohydrate as a direct compression excipient using roller compaction

Abstract

Roller compaction was used to prepare a direct-compressed lactose excipient using crystalline α-lactose monohydrate. The effect of various roller compaction process parameters (compaction pressure, compaction repetition, and speed ratio) on the characteristics of compacted α-lactose monohydrate was investigated. Results were compared with data obtained using industrial spray-dried lactose and lactose samples with different degrees of crystallinity. XRPD analysis revealed that roller compaction reduced the crystallinity of α-lactose monohydrate, and the resulting material is similar to spray-dried lactose in behavior as a direct compression excipient. Roller compaction introduced desirable characteristics to the raw α-lactose monohydrate by inducing changes in crystallinity and particle morphology. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the compaction process converted some of the original torpedo-shaped crystals of α-lactose monohydrate into a more cylindrical shape with rounded edges. Compaction pressure and repetition of compaction have a significant effect on the modification of the crystallinity of the processed, raw α-lactose monohydrate.     

柠檬酸-凝胶燃烧法制备钇铝石榴石(Y_3Al_5O_(12))纳米粉体的研究

透明YAG多晶陶瓷具有优良的光学、力学与化学性能,逐渐成为新一代固体激光基质材料。分散均匀、团聚轻的纳米粉体有利于制备出高度透明的激光陶瓷。以Y2O3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备出黑色粉体,经1100℃烧结出尺寸小于50nm的YAG粉体。采用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM测试手段对YAG纳米粉体进行表征,采用谢莱公式计算出不同烧结温度下的晶粒尺寸。研究结果表明:YAG的析晶温度范围为850～900℃,烧结过程中出现赝YAG相物质,1050℃转变成纯YAG相,随着热处理温度的升高,晶粒呈线性增长,纳米粉体的TEM尺寸和采用谢莱公式计算的结果相一致。     

Mg-α-SiAlON/MgO复合材料中Mg-α-SiAlON的原位合成

为改善低品位Mg基材料高温性能,采用烧结Mg砂、金属Al粉、单质Si粉和Al₂O₃粉为主要原料,制备了Mg-α-SiAlON/MgO复合材料。通过XRD、SEM及EDS等检测手段,研究了不同原料质量分数及氮化温度条件下Mg-α-SiAlON/MgO复合材料中Mg-α-SiAlON的原位合成,结合热力学分析确定了合成Mg-α-SiAlON的气氛条件并分析了合成Mg-α-SiAlON的反应机制。结果表明：1 550℃时的氮、氧分压满足合成Mg-α-SiAlON的热力学条件。当烧结Mg砂粉、Al粉、Si粉和Al₂O₃粉的质量分数之和为40wt%时,1 550℃保温3 h氮化后的Mg-α-SiAlON/MgO复合材料中板片状Mg-α-SiAlON相生成量最高可达32.1%,且相互交错构成骨架,将低熔点物相包裹其中。利用烧结Mg砂原位氮化制备Mg-α-SiAlON/MgO复合材料,有利于提高Mg基材料的抗热震性能。     

Microstructure evolution and densification behavior of TiC/316L composite powders during cold/warm die compaction and solid-state sintering: 3D particulate scale numerical modelling and experimental validation

To identify the microstructure evolution and densification behavior of TiC/316L composites in powder metallurgy (PM) process, 3D particulate scale numerical simulations were conducted to reproduce the cold/warm compaction and solid-state sintering of TiC/316L composite powders with corresponding physical experiments being carried out for model validation. The effects of compaction parameters and sintering temperature on the densification behavior of TiC/316L composite powders were systemically investigated. The particle deformation and morphology, stress/strain and microstructure evolutions, and grain size distribution in the whole process were characterized and compared to further illustrate the densification behavior and the underlying dynamics/mechanisms. The results show that compared with the cold compaction, the warm compaction can not only achieve higher relative density, smaller and more uniform equivalent stress, and weaker spring back effect, but also improve the friction condition among powder particles. The plastic deformation of 316L particles is the main densification mechanism during compaction. In the solid-state sintering of TiC/316L compacts, the densification is mainly indicated by shrinkage and vanishing of large residual pores along with the growth of the sintering necks, accompanied by the particle movement and growth along the boundary regions. Meanwhile, the particle displacement and grain size distribution are more uniform in the warm compacted TiC/316L component. Moreover, the equivalent (von Mises) stress in 316L particles is smaller than that in TiC particles.     

粒径及成型压力对α氧化铝粉体烧结行为的影响

以D50为0.171μm和0.432μm的α氧化铝粉为原料,采用不同的成型压力制得生坯,并在1450℃进行烧结,研究了粉体粒径和成型压力对α氧化铝粉体烧结行为的影响.D50为0.432μm的粉体,烧结活性较差,成型压力从100 MPa提升到300 MPa,生坯相对密度从54.1%增加到56.6%,烧结体相对密度从93.2%增加到94.9%.D50为0.171μm的粉体,烧结活性较好,成型压力从100 MPa提升到300 MPa,生坯相对密度从51.3%增加到53.8%,但烧结体密度始终在98.6%~98.8%之间,并未产生大的变化.结果表明,提升成型压力对Al2O3粉体烧结行为影响有限,减小粉体粒径、提高粉体烧结活性,才是提高Al2O3陶瓷密度、降低烧结温度的关键.     

酚醛树脂粘结钕铁硼磁体温压制备技术研究

用温压成型工艺制备了酚醛树脂粘结钕铁硼磁体,通过对磁体密度、剩磁、矫顽力、磁能积和抗弯强度的分析,研究了耦联表面处理对磁粉抗氧化性能的影响及成型工艺对磁体性能的影响.结果表明:偶联处理可以明显提高磁粉的抗氧化能力;在压力为620MPa,温压温度为180℃且不进行二次固化条件下获得了性能最佳的磁体,其密度为6.12g/cm3,抗弯强度为59.25MPa,剩磁为0.6824T,内禀矫顽力为730kA/m,最大磁能积为78.2kJ/m3.     

等离子喷涂纳米结构Al_2O_3-TiO_2-SiO_2-SiC喂料的研究

纳米结构Al_2O_3、TiO_2、SiO-2、SiC粉体经过合理的预处理,经制浆并喷雾干燥,得到微米级粉体,然后将制备出的粉体进行1100℃烧结。着重研究实验条件对粉体制备的影响,利用扫描电镜观测粉体的形貌,通过XRD检测烧结前后物相的变化。结果表明:在喂料制备过程中发现,粉体的松装密度和搅拌时间是成两段线性关系,不同的喷雾造粒温度对粉体形貌有重要的影响。在250℃制得的粉体内部部分中空、结合强度高、球形度好。粉体经合适的温度烧结后,没有新物相生成,是适合等离子喷涂的纳米喂料。     

Investigation on the effect of lubrication and forming parameters to the green compact generated from iron powder through warm forming route

In order to generate green compacts of iron ASC 100.29 powder at above ambient temperature and below its recrystallization temperature, a warm compaction rig is designed and fabricated which can be operated at various temperature and load. The aim of this paper is to present the outcomes of an investigation on the effect of lubrication and forming parameters, i.e., load and temperature to the green compacts generated through warm compaction route. The feedstock was prepared by mechanically mixing the main powder constituent, i.e., iron ASC 100.29 powder with different weight percent of zinc stearate at different mixing time. Compaction load was varied from 105 kN to 125 kN using simultaneous compaction mechanism. The microstructures of the green compacts were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties are measured through density measurement, hardness test and electrical conductivity test. The study found that increase in compaction load as well as forming temperature give improved microstructure and mechanical properties. It is also found that effects of lubrication to the mechanical properties of green compacts are strongly dependant on the lubricant content as well as mixing time of iron powder with the lubricant.