上覆欠固结吹填粉砂深厚软黏土地基加固效果分析

通过对某上覆欠固结吹填粉细砂土深厚软土地基真空预压中真空压力传递和衰减、超静孔隙水压增长和消散、地基表面沉降、土体分层沉降变形特性和规律的分析,研究上覆欠固结吹填粉细砂土层对真空预压软基固结变形的影响。欠固结吹填粉细砂土层有利于下卧深厚软基的排水消压,地基沉降前期快、波动大,中后期收敛稳定快。膜下真空压力表面传递的差异性和波动性较大,向地基深处传递的滞后性和衰减幅度较大。欠固结吹填粉细砂土压缩量较大,吸收了大部分的真空能量,不利于下卧深厚软基的压缩变形。处理后欠固结吹填土的加固效果明显好于下卧软基土体。     

吹填土地基真空预压加固过程分析及有限元研究

通过对吹填土地基的形成和真空预压加固吹填土过程的分析,得出吹填土地基在真空预压前为欠固结土,土体中存在由吹填土有效自重产生的超孔压,在插板期间会产生固结沉降.现场检测的插板期间(插板期为15～20 d)产生的固结沉降达到真空预压总沉降的1/3～1/2,不能按照正常固结土的方法进行计算,应考虑插板后超孔压消散引起的固结沉降.提出在进行有限元分析时,荷载由真空荷载和吹填土有效自重2部分组成,并提出荷载的施加方法.同时对真空度在排水板中的传递规律进行研究,采用非线性本构关系,编制适合于吹填土地基的有限元程序,对真空预压法加固吹填土地基整个过程进行有限元分析,对比计算结果与实测结果表明,该方法较好地反映实际工程沉降及孔隙水压力的发展趋势.     

新近吹填淤泥地基加固效果分析

针对真空预压排水固结法处理新近吹填淤泥地基工程,对采用不同长度竖向排水体的两个加固区域进行了现场试验研究,通过对比分析两个加固区的地表沉降、膜下真空度、孔隙水压力等现场监测结果及十字板试验、载荷板试验等检测结果以及室内土工试验所得的土体物理力学性质指标,得出结论:真空预压法处理新近吹填淤泥地基不仅可以达到一定的加固效果,而且通过延长竖向排水体的长度在一定程度上可以提高土体的固结效果。     

真空预压下土体有效应力增量的计算与应用

通过降低孔隙水压力,真空预压可增加土体中的有效应力,从而使地基发生排水固结以达到最终被加固体的目的。根据有效应力原理,通过对真空度转化为土中有效应力增量的过程和机制分析,考虑地下水位的影响,推导土中不同深度上有效应力增量的计算方法,并根据建立的理论公式分析真空预压的有效加固深度与加固体效果。研究结果表明,膜下真空度越大,地下水位埋深越浅,真空混合流体密度越小,则抽真空预压在土体中形成的有效应力增量越大,地基被加固的效果也越明显。最后,结合澳门国际机场软基加固工程实例进行分析,理论分析得到的结论符合实际观测结果。     

真空联合堆载预压处理软土地基测试与分析

结合山东某港口大面积吹填软土地基处理实践,阐述了真空联合堆载预压施工相关监测和检测内容及其基本操作方法;分析了真空联合堆载预压施工过程中土体表面沉降、分层沉降、深层水平位移以及孔隙水压力的发展变化过程和规律。表明真空联合堆载预压法加固软土地基具有真空预压和堆载预压的双重加固特征,堆载能加速软土地基的固结变形,但在堆荷较小情况下,被加固土体总体仍表现为土体向加固区中心位移的收缩固结变形特征。从工后现场原位测试及试样室内土工试验成果可以看出,淤泥土层加固后含水量、孔隙比均有大幅减小,土体物理力学性质得到较大改善,土体强度增长幅度可达100%～300%。说明真空联合堆载预压应用于处理大面积吹填软土地基是成功可行的,其加固效果明显,有效影响范围可达排水板深度。     

真空–堆载联合预压加固吹填土地基有限元分析法的研究

吹填土地基作为欠固结土,其真空预压加固过程比较复杂,初始条件和边界条件也比较复杂。通过对吹填土地基的形成和真空预压加固过程的分析,对其初始孔隙水压力和真空度在排水板中的传递规律进行了研究;在砂垫层和排水板中施加负的真空压力;根据真空预压加固机理,将非线性本构关系(Duncan-Chang模型)引入Biot固结理论,综合考虑不同工程的荷载形式、初始条件和边界条件编制了通用的有限元程序,对真空预压法地基加固进行平面应变有限元分析;该程序实现了堆载的施加,既能用于计算单纯的真空预压也能用于真空–堆载联合预压的有限元计算。利用提出的有限元程序分别对吹填土地基整个加固过程和正常固结土地基的真空–堆载联合预压进行了有限元分析,计算结果与实测结果对比表明,该方法较好地反映了实际工程沉降及孔隙水压力的发展趋势。     

真空预压联合堆载法加固吹填淤泥地基室内试验研究

针对传统真空预压法加固吹填淤泥地基过程中,存在真空应力小,孔隙水压力消散过慢,深层土体加固效果欠佳,加固后地基标高不够等缺陷,提出了真空预压联合堆载法,即在真空预压真空度稳定后通过堆载满足后期机械进场施工之前宕渣所需的回填,分别采用5Kpa、10Kpa、15Kpa的砂袋堆载方式进行,以增加地基土的标高和总应力,从而增大了排水效率,快速有效的加固了吹填土。试验结果表明,采用真空预压联合堆载法能够加快孔隙水的消散,加速了土体的固结,加固后的土体剪切强度、含水量均优于普通真空预压法,说明真空预压联合堆载法能够更好的加固吹填土淤泥地基。     

高等级公路桥头软基真空联合堆载预压加固试验研究

对浃里陈大桥桥头试验段的孔隙水压力、分层沉降、地表沉降、土体水平位移等现场监测结果进行了分析;分析结果表明:在真空联合堆载预压加固软基的过程中,由负超静孔隙水压力与正超静孔隙水压力叠加后产生的联合超静孔隙水压力相对较小,一般小于0,有利于路堤的快速堆载;能大幅预消除沉降,工后沉降量小于100mm,满足桥头软基工后沉降要求;影响区土体水平位移沿水平方向距加固区边界20m之外相对较小,沿深度方向,15m以下基本上无水平位移。真空预压的有效影响深度可以大于10m。对地基土体的加固效果进行了检验,检验结果表明,真空联合堆载预压加固后,土体的强度明显增强,加固效果明显。最后结合试验监测成果,对真空联合堆载预压加固软基机理进行了分析,给出了附加应力分布图。     

真空预压联合堆载预压下软土地基工程特性研究

通过真空预压联合堆载预压的现场试验研究了预压过程中地基土的工程性能,监测了地表沉降和孔隙水压力消散规律,依据平均固结度理论,计算了预压完成时场地的平均固结度,采用基于应变形式和应力形式定义的场地平均固结度均在90%以上,表明真空预压联合堆载预压下地基土已完成了大部分的沉降,明显地减少了工后沉降,取得了满意的处理效果。     

孔隙水压力消散程度及地基承载力与固结度的关系探讨

根据某电厂真空-堆载联合预压地基处理工程中实际监测的孔隙水压力,推算出土体的固结度;再根据静力触探检测的地基承载力结果和钻孔取土的三轴试验数据计算,验证了该固结度计算的准确性.提出了固结度沿地基土深度方向的变化规律与孔隙水压力消散程度的关系,建议固结度采用沿深度方向加权计算的方法,以更确切地反映土体的固结度.     

Experimental study on a dredged fill ground improved by a two-stage vacuum preloading method

The vacuum preloading method has been wisely chosen among many ground-improvement methods considering the time limit of many projects and the characteristics of reclaimed soil. However, the loss in vacuum with soil depth, the clogging around prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs), and the deteriorative consolidation of the deep soil layer, among other factors, create a large challenge to vacuum preloading for dredged marine clay fill. Thus, this study proposes a two-stage vacuum preloading method and focuses on its feasibility and effectiveness. Contrasting laboratory tests are performed in two identical experimental tanks with dredged marine clay fill from the Wenzhou land reclamation site in China. In one tank, the one-stage vacuum preloading method is used to serve as a baseline for this study. In the other tank, use of the two-stage vacuum preloading method is proposed for consolidation; it comprises two stages. In the first stage, the dredged marine clay fill is conditioned by vacuum preloading using half of the PVDs, where the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure tends to be steady. In the second stage, vacuum preloading is activated using all the PVDs. The results show that a better consolidation effect is achieved with the proposed method in terms of the settlement, vacuum pressure, pore water pressure, water content, vane shear strength, and soil particle microstructure after soil consolidation.     

Performance of marine clay stabilised with vacuum pressure: Based on Queensland experience

Stabilising soft marine clay and estuarine soils via vacuum preloading has become very popular in Australasia over the past decades because it is a cost-effective and time-efficient approach. In recent times, new land on areas outside but adjacent to existing port amenities, the Fisherman Islands at the Port of Brisbane(POB), was reclaimed to cater for an increase in trade activities. A vacuum preloading method combined with surcharge to stabilise the deep layers of soil was used to enhance the application of prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs). This paper describes the performance of this combined surcharge fill and vacuum system under the embankment and also compares it with a surcharge loading system to demonstrate the benefits of vacuum pressure over conventional fill. The performance of this embankment is also presented in terms of field monitoring data, and the relative performance of the vacuum together with non-vacuum systems is evaluated. An analytical solution to radial consolidation with time-dependent surcharge loading and vacuum pressure is also presented in order to predict the settlement and associated excess pore water pressure(EPWP) of deposits of thick soft clay.     

真空堆载预压联合电渗竖向排水地基非线性固结解析解

基于等应变假设,采用非线性渗透及压缩模型,考虑真空度沿深度线性衰减以及随指数时间增加、附加应力随深度线性减小、有效电压随时间指数衰减特征,推导瞬时加载、单级加载和多级加载方式下的真空堆载预压联合电渗竖向排水地基非线性固结解析解.通过与现有文献中的试验和数值结果对比,验证推导的解析理论的正确性.在此基础上,利用该解对真空...     

埋入式微型孔压计在真空预压模型试验中的应用

孔隙水压力的测量和分析对研究真空预压法具有重要意义。实际工程中的孔隙水压力计已经得到广泛应用,但是由于制造工艺上的限制,目前能用于真空预压室内模型试验的微型孔隙水压力计国内还比较少见。本文介绍了两种埋入式微型孔隙水压力计,利用自行设计和组装的仪器进行孔隙水压力计负压量程的标定,并进行了真空预压室内模型试验,从而评价微型孔隙水压力计的测量效果。标定试验结果表明,两种埋入式微型孔隙水压力计能准确地测量正压,并且对负压的测量结果精度也非常高。应用试验结果表明,排水板中的微型孔隙水压力计测量结果与膜下真空度变化规律一致;利用土体中的孔隙水压力计测量结果计算得到土体的固结度略小于由实测沉降数据计算的固结度,但变化规律一致,这充分说明这两种微型孔隙水压力计能够精确地测量真空预压中的负孔隙水压力。     

塑料排水板加固软土地基现场试验研究

厦门石湖山煤码头建造在约20m厚的淤泥上,其驳岸堆筑高度达6m以上,相应荷载约100KPa。设计采用1.2m间距正方形布置的塑料排水板,插深12m,以处理淤泥地基。同时采取分级填筑的方法施工。为保证工程安全,在现场埋设了孔隙水压力计,沉降、测斜等原观仪器进行原位监测.通过监测指导施工进度,取得圆满的结果.此外,还通过实测资料分析,确定了该地区淤泥的固结系数.     

Improvement of silty clay by vacuum preloading incorporated with electroosmotic method

A laboratory test was performed to assess the effectiveness of vacuum preloading incorporated with electroosmotic (EOM) treatment on silty clay (combined method) for reclamation projects like new disposal ponds, where the horizontal electrode configurations beneath the soil layer were possible and the drainage pipes and the prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) system could be easily installed in advance before the sludge dragged from sea bed or river bed was filled into the site. Three groups of tests were conducted on the silty clay from Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. The model is able to apply vacuum pressure at the bottom of the soil layer and a direct current electric field simultaneously. It is also possible to measure the pore pressures at different depths of soil column, and the changes in settlement and volume with the elapsed time. In this study, the vacuum preloading method, vacuum preloading applied at the bottom (VAB method), was applied and the cathodes were installed beneath the soil layer. The results obtained indicate substantial reduction in water content, and increases in dry density and undrained shear strength in comparison with those obtained by the vacuum preloading only, particularly at the positions close to the anode. The combined method utilizes the vertical drainage flow created by the electroosmosis integrating the horizontal drainage flow created mostly by the vacuum pressure. The total drainage flow can be calculated as a result of the vertical drainage flow by electroosmosis only and the horizontal drainage flow by the vacuum preloading only. The way of placement of the cathode and the anode in the combined method also overcomes the disadvantage of EOM method itself, i.e. the appearance of cracks between the anode and the surrounding soil. Moreover, it is observed that the vacuum preloading plays a primary role in earlier stage in deduction of free pore water; meanwhile, the electroosmotic method is more efficient in later stage for absorbing water in the diffused double layers o     

堆载预压下砂井地基固结有限元分析

采用砂井地基平面应变等效方法,结合ABAQUS软件对堆载预压下地基的侧向位移、沉降及孔压分布进行有限元模拟,并分析计算值与实测值之间的差异;计算结果能很好地预测砂井地基位移与孔压的变化,可为地基处理的设计提供参考。     

软土地基真空预压加固的有限元分析

以平面应变比对固结理论为基础,通过比较前人研究成果,选择考虑竖向排水体涂抹效应的砂井地基等效计算方法,根据真空预压加固软土地基的机理,运用有限元分析,提出一种真空预压计算方法。由于真空预压过程中地下水头将降低,因此在计算中采取降低地下水头的方式等效模拟地基表面施加的的真空度。结合工程实例给出算例,对该方法的可靠性进行研究。通过将计算结果同实测资料进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性。