A new adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance method for impact features extraction in gear fault diagnosis

Gearboxes are widely used in engineering machinery, but tough operation environments often make them subject to failure. And the emergence of periodic impact components is generally associated with gear failure in vibration analysis. However, effective extraction of weak impact features submerged in strong noise has remained a major challenge. Therefore, the paper presents a new adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance (SR) method for impact features extraction in gear fault diagnosis. Through the multi-filtered procession of cascaded SR, the weak impact features can be further enhanced to be more evident in the time domain. By analyzing the characteristics of non-dimensional index for impact signal detection, new measurement indexes are constructed, and can further promote the extraction capability of SR for impact features by combining the data segmentation algorithm via sliding window. Simulation and application have confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in gear fault diagnosis.     

参数调节随机共振在机械系统早期故障检测中的应用

随机共振是一种利用噪声使微弱信号增强传输的非线性现象,与线性方法相比能够检测更低信噪比的信号.为了准确捕捉表征机械早期故障的特征信号,在分析双稳系统参数及检测信号幅值对随机共振检测性能影响规律基础上,以输入信噪比为变量、信噪比增益为信号增强程度衡量指标,提出一种自适应调节系统参数的随机共振微弱信号检测新方法,讨论了该方法的基本原理及实现步骤.将该方法用于转子碰摩故障早期检测,结果表明该方法简单稳健、实时性好,在短数据条件下能把信噪比较低的周期信号从强背景噪声中可靠地提取出来.     

二维非对称双稳随机共振系统及其在故障诊断中的应用

针对非对称系统具有更强的信号放大能力,提出了一种新型二维非对称双稳随机共振(NTABSR)系统。首先,在绝热近似理论的前提下,对其输出信噪比进行了理论分析。并研究了各系统参数对于系统输出信噪比的影响,实验结果表明,在其他参数不变的情况下,通过改变非对称因子,可以使系统获得更高的输出信噪比。然后,将该系统应用于两种不同型号轴承的故障信号诊断中,通过自适应遗传算法对系统参数进行寻优后,得到检测结果。并将检测结果与二维对称双稳随机共振(TSBSR)系统进行了对比。最终,实验结果表明,NTABSR系统的性能优于TSBSR系统。这为该系统在后续理论分析与实际工程应用提供了良好的理论支撑与应用价值。     

An adaptive stochastic resonance method based on grey wolf optimizer algorithm and its application to machinery fault diagnosis

Stochastic resonance (SR) is widely used as an enhanced signal detection method in machinery fault diagnosis. However, the system parameters have significant effects on the output results, which makes it difficult for SR method to achieve satisfactory analysis results. To solve this problem and improve the performance of SR method, this paper proposes an adaptive SR method based on grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm for machinery fault diagnosis. Firstly, the SR system parameters are optimized by the GWO algorithm using a redefined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as optimization objective function. Then, the optimal SR output matching the input signal can be adaptively obtained using the optimized parameters. The proposed method is validated on a simulated signal detection and a rolling element bearing test bench, and then applied to the gear fault diagnosis of electric locomotive. Compared with the conventional fixed-parameter SR method, the adaptive SR method based on genetic algorithm (GA-SR) as well as the well-known fast kurtogram method, the proposed method can achieve a greater accuracy. The results indicated that the proposed method has great practical values in engineering.     

Impact fault detection of gearbox based on variational mode decomposition and coupled underdamped stochastic resonance

In the gear fault diagnosis, the emergence of periodic impulse components in vibration signals is an important symptom of gear failure. However, heavy background noise makes it difficult to extract the weak periodic impulse features. Therefore, the paper presents an impact fault detection method of gearbox by combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with coupled underdamped stochastic resonance (CUSR) to extract the periodic impulse features. First, the adaptive VMD is presented to decompose the vibration signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can automatically determine the appropriate mode number according to the correlation kurtosis (CK) of decomposition results and extract the sensitive IMF component containing the main fault information. Next, the adaptive CUSR method is developed to analyze the selected sensitive IMF component, and the optimal system parameters are obtained by the genetic algorithm using the CK index as optimization objective function. Finally, the periodic impulse features are extracted by the output signal of CUSR system accurately. Experiments and engineering application verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive VMD-CUSR method for extracting the periodic impulse features in gear fault diagnosis compared to other methods.     

Weak feature enhancement in machinery fault diagnosis using empirical wavelet transform and an improved adaptive bistable stochastic resonance

Machinery vibration signal is a typical multi-component signal and fault features are often submerged by some interference components. To accurately extract fault features, a weak feature enhancement method based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and an improved adaptive bistable stochastic resonance (IABSR) is proposed. This method makes full use of the signal decomposition performance of EWT and the signal enhancement of the IABSR to achieve the purpose of fault feature enhancement in low frequency band of FFT spectrum. Firstly, EWT is used as the preprocessing program of bistable stochastic resonance (BSR) to decompose the machinery vibration signal into a set of sub-components. Then, the sensitive component that contains main fault information is further input into BSR system to enhance fault features with the assistance of residual noises. Finally, the fault features are identified from fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum of the BSR output. To achieve the optimal BSR output, the IABSR method based on salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is presented. Compared with the tradition adaptive BSR (ABSR), the IABSR optimizes not only the BSR system parameters but also the calculation step size. Two case studies on machinery fault diagnosis demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method is easy to implement and is robust to noise to some extent.     

次同步谐振下机组轴系弯扭振动信号分析

分析了次同步谐振下机电扭振互作用的原因.针对现场难以实现的困难,提出并设计了汽轮发电机组模拟系统的次同步谐振试验,并将HHT应用到次同步谐振下的机组弯扭振动的信号分析.Hilbert谱图定量刻画了次同步谐振下轴系弯扭振动的快速发展过程,直观准确地表现了弯扭信号的本质特征.分析表明,次同步谐振下轴系的弯振和扭振是相互影响、相互作用的,发现扭振有抑制轴系复杂频率振动的能力.当次同步谐振的扭振发生时,扭振含有的丰富频率成分发生了变化,并且弯振的二倍频消失.