Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co-based cemented carbide with bimodal WC grain size distribution

In order to improve the wear resistance of coarse-grained WC-Co cemented carbides,the fine WC powder were used to reinforce the metallic binder.These WC-Co-based cemented carbides having bimodal WC grain size distributions were synthesized by liquid phase sintering.For comparison,the cemented carbides having unimodal WC grain size distributions were synthesized.The microstructure,hardness,fracture toughness and wear resistance of these cemented carbides were investigated.The results show that ad...     

Effect of powder particle size on gradient formation and grain growth in ultrafine crystalline gradient cemented carbide

Sinter-HIP combining vacuum and pressure in one-step sintering process has been applied to prepare ultrafine crystalline cemented carbide with a surface gradient layer enriched in binder. The effect of powder particle size on gradient formation and grain growth has been examined. The results show that the gradient layer thickness increases with decreasing WC and Ti(C,N) powder particle size. The number of abnormal WC grains increases with decreasing WC powder particle size. The formational mechanism of the gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine grains is discussed through analyzing the decomposability of nanoscale Ti(C,N), atomic diffusion and grain growth during one-step Sinter-HIP process.     

硬质合金上沉积金刚石膜的基体预处理方法进展

本文重点对近年硬质合金基体表面预处理方法及其对CVD金刚石膜沉积的影响进行了综述。按其原理来分,预处理方法可分为物理预处理法、化学预处理法以及中间层法。大量实验结果表明通过适当的预处理能有效消除或抑制基体中钴黏结相的负面影响,提高金刚石的形核密度以及膜基结合力,从而获得理想的薄膜质量。     

基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影晌

研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影响;采用阴极弧蒸发涂层工艺分别在均质和梯度硬质合金基体上制备TiN涂层:运用金相观察、扫描电镜分析、三点抗弯强度测试、显微硬度测试和切削性能测试,研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金组织结构、力学性能和切削性能的影响.结果表明:基体结构梯度化后,TiN涂层表面形貌由平整状变为网状结构,显微硬度提高19%,抗弯强度提高6.1%;基体结构梯度化后,涂层硬质合金的结构发生变化、力学性能得到提高,涂层刀片的抗冲击性能和切削性能分别提高10%和15%左右.     

中粗WC含量对Ni-Co粗晶硬质合金微观组织及性能的影响

研究了中粗WC含量对Ni-Co粗晶硬质合金微观组织与晶粒分布的影响,进而讨论了晶粒分布对硬质合金力学性能的影响。通过金相分析了中粗WC含量对硬质合金晶粒度与邻接度的影响,并利用截线法研究了微观组织的晶粒的分布规律;研究了晶粒度与晶粒分布对磁力、密度及其它力学性能的影响。结果显示,中粗WC晶粒可均匀分布在粗晶WC周围阻碍粗晶与粘结相接触,抑制了粗晶粒的快速粗化,降低了合金平均晶粒度与平均自由程,使晶粒分布逐渐转变为双峰分布;在压力烧结下所有合金的相对密度均在99.5%以上,通过对矫顽磁力的测试分析,验证了微观组织中晶粒双峰分布的准确性;平均晶粒度的降低使合金硬度逐渐增加、断裂韧性逐渐降低;微观组织中超粗晶粒逐渐减少,有利于硬质合金抗弯强度与耐磨性的提高。在Ni-Co粗晶硬质合金中加入部分中粗WC颗粒有利于减少晶粒粗化进而提高耐磨性,加入30%中粗WC颗粒时综合性能最好。     

Microstructure and properties of CVD coated Ti(C,N)-based cermets with varying WC additions

In this paper, multilayer coatings of TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃/TiN are deposited on the Ti(C, N)-based cermets containing WC, and the effect of WC on the growth and adhesion strength as well as the mechanical properties of the coating are investigated. The multilayer coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are uniform and dense. TiN coating exhibits a dense fine-grained structures and the Ti (C,N) on TiN coating shows dense columnar structure. The α-Al₂O₃ layer deposited on transition coating presents coarse grains with limited voids. The grain size of the columnar crystals deposited on the substrates gradually decreases with WC addition. The Al₂O₃ layer shows a preferred growth orientation of (104) plane. For TiN/TiCN phase, a change in orientation from (111) to (200) is observed. Generally, the (200) preferred orientation enhances and (111) preferred orientation diminishes with increasing WC addition. Strong adhesion of the CVD coating is obtained due to a sufficient amount of chemical elements, especially tungsten, diffusing from the substrate to the interfacial layer. Scratch tests show that the adhesion strength of TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃/TiN films gradually increases firstly, and then decreases. With the addition of WC, the hardness, elastic modulus and plasticity index increase at the beginning, and then decrease. The change in nanohardness and elastic modulus is related to the grain size, elemental diffusion, and preferred orientation of the coating.     

YG8硬质合金表面激光熔覆WC/TiC/Co涂层的组织及性能

通过激光熔覆方法在YG8硬质合金表面制备WC/TiC/Co涂层,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察组织结构并分析其物相组成,并对其显微组织、硬度分布和摩擦磨损性能进行了观察和测量。结果显示:涂层表面平整,与基体结合紧密,截面形貌良好没有明显缺陷。表层和两侧存在未熔的WC颗粒,熔覆层中WC颗粒消失,新产生的组织分布均匀。受激光影响,热影响区中的WC晶粒发生重结晶和再结晶。熔覆层主要物相为WC、W₂C、(Ti,W)C_1-x、M₆C(Co₄W₂C、Co₃W₃C)等,这些硬质相和碳化物的生成及弥散分布提高了熔覆层性能。通过测量,熔覆层硬度分布在1700~1800 HV0.5,最高为1783 HV0.5,高于YG8硬质合金,而热影响区和基体的硬度则稍有下降;耐磨性也有大幅提高,熔覆层体积磨损量比YG8合金减少90.67%,平均摩擦因数为0.293,主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

微波烧结WC-Co细晶硬质合金的工艺与性能

采用微波烧结新技术研究了ＷＣＣｏ 细晶硬质合金的烧结工艺与性能, 并同常规烧结工艺进行了比较。结果表明： 微波烧结ＷＣＣｏ 细晶硬质合金在１ ３００ ℃的烧结温度下保温１０ ｍｉｎ 时, 可达到９９ ．８ ％ 的相对密度; 烧结温度降低, 烧结时间大幅度缩短, 且制品的显微晶粒尺寸只有常规烧结的一半; 抗弯强度、矫顽磁力、硬度有较大幅度提高     

具有梯度结构的涂层硬质合金刀片

研究了Co和Ti(CN)含量对梯度硬质合金的力学性能、梯度结构的影响.测试了梯度硬质合金刀片的切削性能.结果表明:随着合金钴含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度增厚,梯度结构越明显;合金的强度提高,磁饱和提高,磁力、硬度和密度减小.随着合金Ti(CN)含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度有变薄的趋势;随合金的硬度提高,合金的强度和密度减小.切削试验表明:具有梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能比无梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能优良.达到同一磨损高度hB=0.15 mm时,前者的切削寿命较后者提高了近一倍.同时随着合金钴含量的增多,硬质合金刀片的切削性能提高.     

微波烧结温度对WC钢结硬质合金组织性能的影响

以WC颗粒为增强相,铁粉为基体,通过球磨、压制成型,微波烧结制备WC钢结硬质合金。结果表明：随着烧结温度的升高,硬质合金相对密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度均先升高后下降,在1280℃时达到最高值,即相对密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度分别达到94.85%、544 HV和847.37 MPa。1280℃烧结为液相烧结,烧结过程中WC和Fe发生相变,产生新的增强相Fe2W2C,新相以颗粒的形式存在,弥散分布在钢的基体中,对材料的性能起到强化作用。微波烧结比真空烧结温度更低,时间更短,力学性能更好。     

深冷处理对TiN涂层硬质合金力学性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在YW2硬质合金基体上沉积了厚度为2μm的TiN涂层,对所获得的TiN/YW2体系进行了-196℃下30 h的深冷处理。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度仪分别对深冷前后TiN涂层的相结构和硬度进行了检测,利用洛氏硬度仪采用压痕法研究了深冷处理前后YW2基体和TiN/YW2体系压痕形貌的变化,借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了基体显微组织及其对体系断裂韧性、界面结合状况的影响。结果表明:深冷处理后涂层中应力诱导晶粒扭转导致的TiN(111)面择优取向,使体系的硬度得到了提高。基体上压痕径向放射性裂纹密度明显降低,TiN涂层沿压痕周向的块状剥离得到缓解。深冷处理后弥散分布的颗粒状γ相显著减少或消失、孔隙率降低,组织变得更加致密,加之深冷处理过程中裂纹源的弥合,提高了YW2基体和TiN/YW2体系的断裂韧性和界面结合强度。     

Damaging of cemented carbide end mill with different grain sizes: experimental and simulation

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of the size of WC grains on the damage evolution of WC-Co junk mills.The finite element met...     

Wear damage of cemented carbides with different combinations of WC mean grain size and Co content. Part I: ASTM wear tests

In the present work we made and examined cemented carbides characterized by very different WC grain sizes varying from near-nano with a WC mean grain size of about 200 nm to coarse-grain with a WC mean grain size of about 4.5 μm and Co contents varying from 3 to 24 wt.%. The major objective of the present work was to examine the wear damage, wear behavior and wear mechanisms of cemented carbides having nearly the same hardness but greatly varying with respect to their WC grain size and Co content in the high-load ASTM B611 test and low-load G65 test.Both the hardness and resistance to fracture and micro-fatigue of cemented carbides play an important role in the wear damage by use of the high-stress ASTM B611 test when the carbide surface is subjected to alumina particles at high loads. In this case, the wear-resistance increases with increasing the WC mean grain size and decreasing the Co content at nearly the same hardness of the different cemented carbides. The submicron and near-nano cemented carbides are characterized by lower wear-resistance in comparison with the coarse-grain grade due to their reduced fracture toughness, fracture resistance and resistance to micro-fatigue.The Co mean free path in the carbide microstructure plays an important role with respect to wear-resistance in the low-stress ASTM G65 test when the carbide surface is subjected to gentle scratching by abrasive silica particles. The predominant wear of the thick Co interlayers leaving unsupported WC grains plays the decisive role in the wear behavior of the coarse-grain grade resulting in its low wear-resistance. In contrast to the ASTM B611 test the wear rate decreases with decreasing the WC mean grain size and increasing the Co content due to the corresponding reduction of Co mean free path in the carbide microstructure. As a result, the wear-resistance of the near-nano grade in the ASTM G65 test is the best of all in spite of its reduced fracture toughness.Phenomena of micro-fatigue, micro-fracturing and micro-chipping are found to play a decisive role in the wear damage of cemented carbides if they are subjected to abrasion wear, high loads and severe fatigue.     

硬质合金基体金刚石薄膜摩擦学性能研究的进展

硬质合金基体表面沉积金刚石薄膜可以提高其硬度和耐磨性,延长其使用寿命,有效保护和节约钨、钴等稀有金属。作为一种多晶膜,金刚石薄膜的摩擦系数直接影响了其在摩擦学领域的应用。对近年来硬质合金基体表面CVD金刚石薄膜的摩擦磨损性能的研究状况进行了阐述,分析了CVD金刚石薄膜在摩擦实验过程中的摩擦磨损机制,并对金刚石薄膜在摩擦学领域中的应用研究进行了展望。     

强流脉冲离子束辐照WC-Co硬质合金的组织与性能

用扫描电镜（SEM）、表面轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、电子探针（EPMA）和显微硬度计等方法,研究了强流脉冲离子束辐照WC-Co硬质合金的组织与性能。结果表明,HIPIB辐照使硬质合金表面发生快速重熔和Co粘结相的优先烧蚀,导致六方α-WC相向立方β-WC1-x相转变,形成丘状凸起重熔烧蚀形貌;硬质合金表面硬度随束流密度和辐照次数的增加先增加后减小,归因于辐照硬质合金表面重熔致密化、Co粘结相优先烧蚀、β-WC1-x相转变以及表面微裂纹的产生。     

涂层硬质合金刀片车削典型CFRP的工程技术研究

用相同几何结构、不同材质的2种涂层硬质合金刀片车削碳纤维增强复合材料T800H棒料,通过多分量力学传感器、压力传感器和高速摄影机监测车削过程中的切削载荷和刀具工作状态,通过光学扫描系统和数码显微系统观测分析工件已加工表面和切屑的形貌特征。结果表明:车削T800H棒料时,每种刀具都存在一个临界切削速度v_cr,在相同进给量f和恒定切削深度a_p的情况下,切削速度v_c对工件已加工表面质量影响小。实验还表明:采用硬度更高的刀具车削碳纤维,能获得更好的表面质量。      

Effects of fine WC particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides with dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grains

Dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained WC-8Co cemented carbides comprising triangular or hexagonal fine WC grains and plate-like coarse WC grains were synthesized by vacuum sintering using Co, flaky graphite, WC, and coarse W as the starting materials. The effects of fine WC particle sizes on microstructure, relative densities, and mechanical properties of the dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained cemented carbides were investigated. The results revealed that the growth of plate-like coarse WC grains was further promoted with the decrease in the particle size of the added fine WC; hence, their aspect ratio increased. In addition, added fine WC led to the separation of plate-like coarse WC grains so as to break their oriented arrangement and prevent their face contact; hence, plate-like coarse WC grains were completely covered by the Co binder phase. Moreover, the addition of smaller particle size of fine WC contributed to more uniform Co binder phase. When 0.4-μm WC powders was added, the aspect ratio of plate-like coarse WC grains was greater than that of plate-like WC grained cemented carbides without the addition of fine WC. The dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained cemented carbides by adding 0.4-μm fine WC exhibited good comprehensive mechanical properties, with a transverse rupture strength of 3645 MPa, a Rockwell hardness of 91.5 HRA, and a fracture toughness of 12.3 MPa∙m^1/2.     

Effect of ultra-fine TiC0.5N0.5 on the microstructure and properties of gradient cemented carbide

To increase the performance of cemented carbide, it was common to coat the wear surfaces with thin layers of hard materials. Cemented carbides with surface zone depleted of hard cubic phase and enriched in ductile binder phase were commonly used as the substrates. At the present, the so-called “gradient cemented carbides” were usually prepared by adding TiN or medium-sized TiCN, and a two-step sintering process including pre-sintering in nitrogen and gradient sintering in vacuum was usually adopted. In this paper, gradient cemented carbide based on WC–5.19 wt.%Ti–9.2 wt.%Co was prepared by simple vacuum sintering with the addition of 0.13 μm ultra-fine TiC_0.5N_0.5, compared with medium-sized TiN or TiCN. The result showed that gradient cemented carbide prepared with 0.13 μm ultra-fine TiC_0.5N_0.5 had better properties. With the increase of ultra-fine TiC_0.5N_0.5 content, the thickness of gradient surface zone decreased. TiCN coatings were deposited on gradient substrate and conventional substrate by moderate temperature chemical vapor deposition (MTCVD), respectively. Gradient substrate resulted in better adhesion and cutting performance.     

梯度硬质合金与45钢的TIG焊研究

选取YG8,YG15和YG20商用硬质合金与WC-5Co-25Ni硬质合金通过扩散烧结的方法制备梯度硬质合金,采用NiFe-C焊丝对梯度硬质合金与45钢进行TIG连接,通过扫描电镜观察、抗弯强度试验,对焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:YG8/YG15/YG20/WC-5Co-25Ni四层结构梯度合金可以缓解焊接应力,与45钢TIG焊可以获得无开裂接头;垂直堆叠烧制的梯度合金焊接时易在焊缝底部界面位置形成η碳化物层,60°倾角倾斜堆叠烧制的梯度合金焊接时,界面位置不再形成有害碳化物层;由于η碳化物层的存在,垂直堆叠梯度合金的焊接接头抗弯强度仅为0. 74 GPa,倾斜堆叠梯度合金的焊接接头的抗弯强度提高到1. 29 GPa。