考虑关节间隙的空间机械臂臂杆振动特性研究

基于ADAMS动力学仿真软件,建立含间隙关节空间机械臂的动力学仿真模型,改变关节间隙尺寸和刚度系数等相关参数,获取不同关节间隙尺寸下的空间机械臂动力学响应;通过搭建含间隙关节的空间机械臂实验台,采用改变臂杆端盖孔径的方法改变关节间隙尺寸,分析不同关节间隙尺寸下的空间机械臂臂杆的输出振动特性。仿真与实验结果表明:臂杆末端的加速度和关节的接触碰撞力会随着空间机械臂关节间隙的增大而逐渐增大,但增幅会逐渐减小;空间机械臂关节间隙的增大还会导致关节内碰撞加剧,引起更大的能量损失。这可为提高含间隙空间机械臂的控制精度提供参考。     

直驱容积控制绞车型升沉补偿系统动力机构的仿真与实验

搭建了直驱容积控制绞车型升沉补偿系统动力机构的试验台,介绍了动力机构所用A10VG型闭式变量泵的工作原理。利用AMESim软件建立变量泵和动力机构试验台的仿真模型,对变量泵的排量调节机构的动作过程和控制电流-排量特性进行了仿真分析,对动力机构的静态特性、动态特性、换向特性进行仿真和实验研究。仿真和实验结果表明:建立的直驱容积控制绞车型升沉补偿系统动力机构的仿真模型和参数设置是基本准确的,但仍需进一步优化和完善。研究结果为绞车型升沉补偿系统的后续深入研究提供了依据。     

含谐波传动关节的机械臂在不同转速下的时频特性

谐波传动关节是机械臂的典型关节。为了研究含谐波传动关节的机械臂在不同转速情况下的时频特性,针对空间机械臂,研制机械臂实验装置和测试系统,测试不同转速下机械臂关节处和末端标志点的振动响应。采用小波变换信号分析方法并借助于机械臂的驱动模型,分析谐波传动关节处的摩擦和运动滞后等非线性因素对不同转速下机械臂振动特性的影响。基于非线性响应面法和非线性规划方法分析了机械臂的最佳运行工况。研究结果表明:小波变换能够较好地表征机械臂在不同转速下关节和末端振动响应的时频特征;随着转速的增大,机械臂关节处和末端标志点的振动能量向低频段集中,振动能量峰值及其对应的频率呈现出局部波动;机械臂末端的振动特性明显弱于关节,关节处的振动频率更为丰富,但关节的振动能量峰值衰减比末端要快;且机械臂处于低速运行工况时可以保持较好的动力学性能。研究结果揭示了含谐波传动关节的机械臂在不同转速下的时频特性,对含谐波关节的机械臂设计及其振动抑制技术水平的提高具有重要意义。     

基于智能前馈自学习的数控机床永磁电机控制优化策略

数控机床的主轴驱动系统决定了机床的动态特性、加工精度等关键技术指标,其核心部件永磁同步电机的控制精度及稳定性必须进行优化。在传统PI反馈控制的基础上提出一种基于在线智能前馈补偿自学习的优化控制方法。该在线智能前馈补偿控制使用简单迭代学习规则,以补偿重复负载转矩和模型参数的不确定性,无需对系统模型进行辨识。推导证明了此优化策略可满足系统响应的稳定性和收敛性要求。实验结果也证明了该优化策略的有效性和可行性,可为数控机床的主轴驱动系统优化设计提供参考。     

双连杆柔性关节机械臂分数阶线性自抗扰控制

针对双连杆柔性关节机械臂的柔性振动和受外部干扰的问题，提出了一种复合控制器的控制策略。通过拉格朗日方程建立了考虑关节柔性的刚柔耦合的机械臂动力学模型，使用奇异摄动法对机械臂系统解耦，使其分解成代表刚性部分的慢速子系统和代表柔性部分的快速子系统；对于慢速子系统，设计了带有前馈补偿的分数阶线性自抗扰控制器来抵抗内外扰动，实现了机械臂的高精度的轨迹跟踪，对于快速子系统，采用微分补偿项补偿，来抑制关节的柔性振动，从而达到系统稳定。实验和仿真结果表明，系统可以有效地实现双连杆柔性关节机械臂的轨迹跟踪，并且相对于整数阶线性自抗扰控制器有着更好的动态性能和鲁棒性。     

基于半闭环控制的数控系统反向间隙补偿

在半闭环控制的机床中反向间隙是影响机床定位精度和加工精度的一项重要因素,对其进行反向间隙补偿是一项非常重要的工作.文章提出了基于半闭环控制下的间隙补偿原理,通过间隙模型仿真验证了补偿算法的可靠性,并且在开放式数控系统实验平台上实现了算法的嵌入,实际的测量结果论证了算法的正确性.实验表明,通过该间隙补偿方法可以有效地降低因反向间隙所造成的轮廓误差.     

含间隙铰的柔性机器人动力学研究

论文将多柔体动力学的建模方法引入柔性机器人的动力学分析中。应用Lagrange方程建立空间刚-柔耦合多体系统动力学方程，采用牛顿二状态模型，对含间隙机器人的副间接触和分离过程，建立了铰接间隙动力学方程。仿真分析结果表明，由于间隙铰的存在。间隙运动副反力呈现大幅度连续波动现象，使整个机器人的稳定性大大降低。而当记入大臂的柔性后，间隙副反力的波动减小，所以，机器人可以通过适当添加弹性补偿单元降低部分副间碰撞时的冲击效应，提高机构运转的稳定性。     

上三角肘杆式压力机构间隙动力学特性分析

压力机械的运动副常因受到反冲作用力而产生运动间隙,导致机械系统的冲击增大,冲压成形稳定性降低。优选三角肘杆式压力机构运动副间隙动力学的建模及仿真,依据其工作原理分析了上三角型与下三角型肘杆式压力机构执行连杆的运动特性变化规律,得出上三角型相对下三角型在位移、速度和加速度方面分别优化了30%、59%和390%;基于MLSD运动副间隙模型,运用ADMAS虚拟样机技术建立了含运动副间隙上三角型肘杆式压力机构的动力学仿真模型,分析了运动副间隙引起的碰撞和磨损对机构动态特性的影响。结果表明,运动副相对间隙值超20%时,机构运行将伴随较大的冲击,并伴随一定程度的振动和噪声,影响机构工作的稳定性。研究结果为肘杆式压力机构的结构设计提供了理论依据。     

液压缸非线性特性影响下的含动态间隙轧机辊系振动特性及控制北大核心CSCD

为抑制四辊板带轧机垂直方向的振动,首先,考虑动态间隙影响下的分段非线性弹性力,建立分段非线性弹性力与动态轧制力共同作用下的轧机辊系动力学模型,使用平均法求解出该系统的幅频特性方程。然后,以轧机实际参数仿真液压油弹性模量变化时辊系的时域特性和频率特性,得到了对辊系振动行为的影响规律。比较辊系在不同液压系统参数变化下幅频特性响应的变化规律,通过分岔特性分析液压缸参数变化对系统振动行为的影响,得到了系统周期稳定运行时的参数区间。最后,设计状态反馈控制器实现对动态间隙轧机辊系的振动控制,并通过幅频特性和分岔特性可知,控制器能够有效减弱动态间隙对轧机辊系稳定性的影响,并抑制辊系的混沌行为,为抑制轧机辊系振动提供了理论参考。     

基于模糊补偿的七自由度机械手轨迹跟踪控制

针对多关节机械手的不精确动力学模型导致计算力矩法控制的鲁棒性差和不能实现全局渐进稳定的问题,以一种七自由度机械手为研究对象,采用计算力矩加自适应模糊补偿控制,通过ADAMS与MATLAB联合仿真进行机械手轨迹跟踪控制研究,并证明了系统的稳定性和误差的收敛性。仿真结果表明:利用该方案控制的七自由度机械手具有较好的轨迹跟踪特性,无须机器手精确的动力学模型。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.