Fabrication and characterization of nano-Y2O3, Al2O3, La2O3 dispersed mechanically alloyed and liquid phase sintered WNi for structural application

The investigation involves the fabrication of various nano oxide (Y₂O₃, Al₂O₃, La₂O₃) dispersed WNi alloys by mechanical alloying for 10 h and sintering in Ar atmosphere at 1400 °C, 1500 °C for 2 h. The selected composition for the study is W₈₉Ni₁₀(Y₂O₃)₁ (alloy A), W₈₉Ni₁₀(Al₂O₃)₁ (alloy B) and W₈₉Ni₁₀(La₂O₃)₁ (alloy C) (in weight%). Alloy A exhibit least crystallite size and maximum lattice strain at 10 h of milling. The lattice parameter of W exhibits expansion and contraction behavior during the milling. Microstructure of sintered alloys reveals the presence of both faceted and nearly spherical shaped grains. Bimodal grain size distribution is higher in alloy A at 1500 °C as compared to other alloys and 1400 °C sintering temperature. Texture study and Young's Modulus value reveals that hardness of alloy A is higher against alloy B and alloy C. Maximum % relative sintered density, mean hardness, compressive strength of 89%, 5.53 GPa, 2.25 GPa respectively has been achieved in alloy A at 1500 °C.     

Processing and properties of mechanically alloyed Ni(Fe)Al-Al2O3-AlN

Ni(Fe)Al powders containing a homogeneous distribution of in-situ formed A1N and A1₂O₃ dispersoids were produced by a mechanical alloying process in a controlled atmosphere using a high energy attrition mill. The powders were successfully consolidated by either the hot pressing or hot extrusion process. The phase information investigated by TEM, XRD and a modified TGA analysis reveals that Fe can be soluble up to 19.2% to the NiAl phase(β) at room temperature after the MA process. Subsequent thermomechanical treatment under specific conditions was tried so as to induce a secondary recrystallization to improve the high temperature properties. However, no clear evidence of abrupt grain coarsening was obtained, presumably due to the restricted condition for the boundary break-away mechanism in this material. The mechanical properties in terms of strength at room temperature as well as at high temperatures were shown to have improved through the addition of AlN, and room temperature ductility was also shown to have improved by the precipitation of the second phase of α in this material.     

铜表面Ni2Al3涂层高温抗氧化性能与组织转变研究

以铜为基体,采用电镀镍和浆料包渗铝法制备出Ni2Al3渗层.研究了900℃下空气中不同氧化时间,Ni2Al3渗层的高温抗氧化性能与组织转变行为.结果表明:经电镀Ni及随后800℃×12h浆料包渗铝,可在铜表面获得厚度为250μm、物相单一的致密Ni2Al3渗层.900℃氧化实验过程中,氧化时间在100h内,渗层表面X射线衍射分析中,没有Al2O3相衍射峰产生,Ni/Ni2Al3界面的Ni2Al3,相首先转变为NiAl相,并且NiAl相随时间延长而增厚;超过150h后,在渗层中Al2O3相出现衍射峰,同时Ni2 Al3相全部转变成NiAl相.在高温氧化过程中渗层无明显剥落现象,到250h时渗层仍具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,渗层表面由NiAl相和Al2O3相组成.     

回火温度对15Cr2Ni3MoW钢组织与力学性能的影响

观察了15Cr2Ni3MoW钢在200～600℃区间回火处理后的力学性能和组织变化。结果表明,该钢经350℃回火后出现大量稳定化的M/A岛,在500～550℃回火后M/A岛大量分解,析出的碳化物沿晶界连续分布,出现了回火脆性。试验获得的最佳回火工艺为:350℃回火3h后空冷,该工艺可使15Cr2Ni3MoW钢的屈服强度提高37%,冲击韧性提高50%。     

Effects of Al2O3 addition on the microstructure and properties of Ni activated sintered W matrix composites

In the present investigation, fabrication of high dense (> 97.8%) W matrix composites with increased microhardness values were investigated. W and W–1 wt.% Ni powders were mechanical alloyed for 18 h and sintered at 1400 °C for 1 h under Ar, H₂ gas flowing conditions in order to investigate the effects of 1 wt.% Ni addition on the densification and properties of W. The effects of Al₂O₃ particles additions on the microstructural and physical properties of the sintered W–1 wt.% Ni sample were investigated. A 92.59% relative density value of the sintered W sample increased to 99.47% with the addition of 1 wt.% Ni. Moreover, despite the observed grain growth, microhardness values significantly increased from 2.81 ± 0.34 GPa to 4.07 ± 0.16 GPa with the addition of 1 wt.% Ni. The relative density values of the sintered W–1 wt.% Ni sample slightly decreased with increasing Al₂O₃ additions, a relative density value of 97.81% was measured for the W–1 wt.% Ni sample reinforced with 2 wt.% Al₂O₃ particles. As the average grain size of W in the sintered W–1 wt.% Ni sample decreased from 4.41 ± 1.71 μm to 1.29 ± 0.39 μm with the addition of 2 wt.% Al₂O₃ particles, the microhardness of the sample increased to 5.98 ± 0.31 GPa.     

Influence of Ca addition on microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg-2Zn alloy

The microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of as-cast ternary Mg-2Zn-x Ca(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.8)alloys have been investigated in this study.Results indicate that the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys can be significantly refined with increasing Ca concentration.Moreover,the alloys with different contents of Ca exhibit the different phases formation behaviors,i.e.α-Mg+Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3 phases for Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca and Mg-2Zn-0.4Ca alloys,andα-Mg+Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3+Mg_2Ca phases for Mg-2Zn-0.8Ca alloy,respectively.Among all the alloys,the maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation(161 MPa and 9.1%)can be attained for the Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca alloy.Corrosion tests in Hanks’balanced salt solution indicated that Ca addition is detrimental to corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn alloy.The relationship between as-cast microstructure and properties for different Ca-containing alloys is also discussed in detail.     

回火温度对超高强度钢35Cr3Ni2SiMnMoVA组织与性能的影响

通过力学试验、SEM、TEM等方法研究了一种新型低合金超高强度钢35Cr3MnSiNi2MoVA的力学性能和组织。结果表明,35Cr3MnSiNi2MoVA具有良好的性能;与D6AC钢相比,35Cr3MnSiNi2MoVA钢的抗拉强度提高了400 MPa以上,同时具有良好的断裂韧性;35Cr3MnSiNi2MoVA钢淬火组织为板条马氏体+残留奥氏体,回火过程中析出ε-碳化物;35Cr3MnSiNi2MoVA钢有良好的回火稳定性,最佳回火温度区间为280~320 ℃。     

Preparation and elevated temperature wear behavior of Ni doped WC-Al2O3 composite

With the more serious service environment, the new WC-Al₂O₃ as coatings are required to apply in high-temperature wear condition. Owing to the severe deterioration of WC-Al₂O₃ material in >500 °C, WC-Al₂O₃ composites with different content of Ni were prepared using vacuum hot-pressing sintering technology with the aim of improving its elevated temperature wear behavior. Wear experiments of WC-Al₂O₃-x%Ni against YG6 ball (WC-6Co) were conducted at 600 °C using a commercially made high-temperature ball-on-disk tribometer. The mechanical properties and oxidation wear behavior of Ni doped WC-Al₂O₃ composites were investigated. The phase and morphology of the sample surfaces were analyzed by XRD, EDS and SEM. The results show that the addition of Ni inhibited the decarburization of WC and ensured high mechanical properties. At elevated temperature, wear loss increased with loading. Without load, the mass loss decreased with the increase of Ni content. The minimum loss of WC-Al₂O₃ composite with 10%Ni is 3.1 mg, decreased by 72.7%. When the load increased to 15 N, the mass loss of WC-Al₂O₃ composite with 5%Ni is the minimum of 54.8 mg, decreased by 38.2%. On the whole, the addition of Ni is conducive to improving the resistance to oxidation wear. The wear mechanisms were dominated by oxidation wear and spalling of the tribolayer.     

添加Ni和Mo对焊丝钢盘条组织和性能的影响

通过热模拟和工业轧制试验研究了分别添加(质量分数)0.35%的Ni和Mo对焊丝钢盘条组织和强度的影响。结果表明,含Ni焊丝钢的相转变温度区间为600~750℃,产生马氏体-残留奥氏体(M-A)组元和贝氏体(B)的临界冷速分别为0.8℃/s和2.0℃/s;含Mo焊丝钢的相转变区间约为480~640℃,且在0.1℃/s的冷速下已发生B和M-A转变。在相同热轧工艺条件下,含Mo焊丝钢盘条比含Ni焊丝钢的硬度高约50 HV5,强度高约150 MPa。     

高温时效对00Cr13Ni6Mo2不锈钢组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、X射线衍射、光学显微镜和透射电镜等研究了一种13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢(00Cr13Ni6Mo2)的高温力学性能和高温时效后的力学性能、物相组成及显微组织。结果表明:00Cr13Ni6Mo2钢在高温下可保持较高的屈服强度,但当超过Af(奥氏体转变完成点)温度后,屈服强度迅速下降;600℃时效后,马氏体基体中的位错密度明显降低,同时产生了一定量的逆变奥氏体,导致时效100 h后其屈服强度从824 MPa降至682 MPa(下降17.2%),而抗拉强度和伸长率变化不大;800℃时效过程中,试验钢的组织完全奥氏体化,在降温过程中组织转变为淬火马氏体,故其具有典型的淬火马氏体性能特征,时效100 h后抗拉强度从858 MPa升至1031 MPa(提高20.2%),同时伸长率从22.5%降至15.0%。     

Effect of nano-sized CeF3 on microstructure, mechanical, high temperature friction and corrosion behavior of Ni-W composite coatings

Ni-W-CeF₃ composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition in a Ni-W plating bath containing CeF₃ nano-particles. The shape and size of the CeF₃ nano-particles and the surface topography of the composite coatings were observed using an environmental scanning electron microscope, and the component and structure analysis was characterized by means of XRD. A microhardness tester was employed to investigate the microhardness of the coatings. The high temperature friction behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings against molten glass were investigated by using a high temperature tribometer. It was found that the CeF₃ nano-particles appeared in the coatings as microspheres of a diameter less than 50 nm. The addition of CeF₃ nano-particles led to changes in morphologies of the composite coatings by refining the size of crystalline bulks. Therefore, the Ni-W-nanoCeF₃ composite coatings had more compact and fine granular morphologies. The co-deposited CeF₃ nano-particles were uniformly distributed in the Ni-W matrix and had contribution to greatly increasing the microhardness, high temperature tribological and anti-corrosion properties of the Ni-W alloy, furthermore the mechanism of anti-friction and anti-corrosion is discussed.     

The effect of Al2O3 addition on the milling behavior of NiAl powder

The milling behavior of nickel aluminide, NiAl, powder in the presence of a fine Al ₂ O ₃ powder was investigated in the present study. The milling was carried out in an attrition mill. The size and shape of NiAl particles were not changed after milling while only NiAl powder was milled. When fine Al ₂ O ₃ powder was added to the NiAl powder, the Al ₂ O ₃ particles attached to the surface of NiAl particles during milling. As a consequence, the size of NiAl particles was reduced after milling. The shape of NiAl particles also changed. The presence of fine Al ₂ O ₂ particles enhanced the milling efficiency. The Al ₂ O ₃ particles on the surface of NiAl powder can be removed by washing repeatedly in an ultrasonic bath.     

Effect of Zn,Cu and Ni addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Dy alloys

This paper presents some research information on the effects of Zn, Cu and Ni on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-2Dy(at.%) alloys. The Mg-2Dy alloy is composed of α-Mg and Mg24Dy5 phases. With the addition of 0.5at.%Zn, 0.5at.%Cu and 0.5at.%Ni, respectively, besides α-Mg, the long period stacking order(LPSO) phases containing Zn, Cu, and Ni precipitated in the α-Mg interdentritic boundary. The addition of Ni effectively refined the dendrite arm spacing. The as-cast Mg-2Dy-0.5Ni alloy exhibited the best tensile strengths and elongation. The better mechanical properties were mainly attributed to small secondry dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) and high volume fraction of LPSO phases.     

Effects of Al2O3 content on densification,microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of TaC-Al2O3 composites

TaC-Al₂O₃ composites were prepared by hot pressing. Influence of Al₂O₃ content ranging from 10 to 40 vol. % on densification, phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of the TaC-Al₂O₃ composites was investigated. With 30 and 40 vol. % Al₂O₃ addition a closed porosity was achieved. The Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed among TaC grains retarding grain growth and resulting in refined microstructures with grains below 2 μm in size. The most densified composite with 40 vol. % Al₂O₃ addition exhibited good mechanical properties with a Vickers’ hardness of 17.8 GPa, a flexural strength of 485 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.4 MPa·m^1/2. After holding at 700°C for 3 h in air, the dense 30 and 40 vol. % Al₂O₃ compositions showed hardly noticeable and mainly surface oxidation, whereas less densified TaC-Al₂O₃ composites with 10 and 20 vol. % Al₂O₃ content and with open porosity were disintegrated to powders.     

淬火温度对40Si2Ni2CrMoV钢组织及析出行为的影响

通过OM、SEM、TEM等手段,研究了40Si2Ni2CrMoV钢不同温度淬火(840、860、880、900 ℃)和300 ℃回火后的显微组织和力学性能,并利用相分析法对钢中的析出相进行了定性及定量表征。结果表明,在800~900 ℃淬火时,随着淬火温度的升高,试验钢的组织为板条马氏体,并呈现先细化后粗化的趋势,在880 ℃时组织最细,且均匀性较好;析出相弥散分布于马氏体基体中,随着淬火温度的升高,析出相逐渐回溶。结合力学性能研究,认为880 ℃是该试验钢较合适的淬火温度。     

Fe_2O_3含量对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系微晶玻璃显微组织与力学性能的影响(英文)

采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子顺磁共振(ESR)和Mssbauer谱等技术研究Fe2O3含量对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Fe2O3的加入不改变CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析出的主晶相类型,但使体系的析晶峰温度降低,析晶活化能增加和析出晶体的粒度减小。ESR测试结果表明,Fe2O3的加入会因轴向扭曲造成分相,从而促进析晶;同时,Fe2O3的加入能更好地调整CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃网络内部结构,使Fe3+进入比四面体对称性更高的八面体配位,有利于抗弯强度的增大。Mssbauer测试结果表明,Fe3+和Fe2+在CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃存在不同的配位,且微晶玻璃的抗弯强度随Fe3+六配位数的增多而增大;同时,Fe2+和Fe3+相互作用的增强也有利于微晶玻璃抗弯强度的增大。在核化温度为700°C、核化时间为2 h、晶化温度为910°C和晶化时间为3 h的热处理条件下,样品的显微硬度达到HV 896.9,抗弯强度达到217 MPa。     

Effect of high temperature aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of a directionally solidified Ni3Al base alloy IC6A

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｅｄＮｉ3ＡｌｂａｓｅａｌｌｏｙＩＣ6ＡｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＮｉ (7.5～8.5 )Ａｌ (13.0～ 15 .0 )Ｍｏ (0 .0 2～ 0 .1)Ｂ (0 .0 0 5～0 .0 5 )Ｙ (ｍａｓｓｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ,% )ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｄｅｖｅｌ ｏｐｅｄｂａｓｅｄｏｎａｌｌｏｙＩＣ6ａｓａｈｉｇｈ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｔｒｕｃ ｔｕｒａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｕｓｅｄｆｏｒａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｊｅｔ ｅｎｇｉｎｅｖａｎｅｓｏｐ ｅｒ…     

回火温度对30Cr2Ni2Mo锻钢组织及性能的影响

30Cr2Ni2Mo锻钢850℃淬火后,再分别进行480、550和600℃的回火处理.分别用X射线衍射(XRD)测试了锻钢的物相,用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了试样的显微组织及断口形貌,用万能材料试验机测试了锻钢的力学性能.结果表明,随回火温度的升高,Fe3Ni2相含量增大,回火索氏体组织中碳化物长大,冲击断口韧窝增多;锻钢强度降低,冲击吸收能量增大,该锻钢适宜的回火温度为550℃.     

The effect of the microstructure on mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3) eutectic

The eutectic architecture of a continuous reinforcing phase within a higher volume fraction phase or matrix, can be described as a naturally occurring in-situ composite. Here we report the results of experiments aimed at identifying the sources of high temperature creep resistance and high levels of strength in a two phase Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) system. The mechanical properties of two phase Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic are superior to that of either constituent alone due to strong constraining effects provided by the coherent interfaces and micrsostructure. The Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic maintains a low energy interface resulting from directional solidification and can produce strong and stable reinforcing phase/matrix bonding. The phases comprising a eutectic are thermodynamically compatible at higher homologous temperatures than man-made composites and as such offer the potential for superior high temperature properties.